Survey Of Drivers Research Articles

Effects of Occupational Drivers’ Traffic Accident History on Risk Perception, Work Attitudes, and Unstable Driving

In previous studies the risk perception of future accidents was the main variable likely to affect safe driving. However, findings on the relationship between traffic accident history and risk perception of future accidents have been inconsistent. Moreover, in the case of occupational drivers, work attitudes could be the main factor affecting safe driving. However, no research has been conducted on the direct relationship between traffic accident history and work attitudes. Therefore, present study examined the effect of occupational drivers’ traffic accident history on their risk perception, work attitudes, and unstable driving. Data analysis was based on a self-reported survey of Korean occupational drivers (n = 388) and their official traffic accident records. Results show that traffic accident history was associated significantly with professional pride, job satisfaction, and aggressive driving but not with risk perception of future accidents or job stress. Moreover, all variables measuring unstable driving behavior were significantly related to professional pride, job satisfaction, and job stress. Furthermore, professional pride turned out to mediate the relationship between traffic accident history and current unstable driving. The major finding is that there is no significant relationship between traffic accident history and risk perception of future accidents. Furthermore, traffic accident history has a significant effect on positive variables such as professional pride and job satisfaction but not on negative variables such as job stress. In addition, the significant mediator in the relationship between traffic accident history and current unstable driving behavior was only professional pride.

Integrating para- and scheduled transit: Minibus paratransit operators' perspective on reform in Cape Town

Cities across the Global South have sought to replace minibus paratransit with contracted scheduled services, typically bus rapid transit, with limited success, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Cape Town, planners have now acknowledged a continued role for paratransit services, primarily as feeders. However, service incompatibilities arise when scheduled and unscheduled modes meet, most evidently in the form of mismatched service spans. This study explored interventions aimed at addressing mismatched evening service spans, considering paratransit operator acceptability and cost to the city authority. Drawing from a stated choice survey of (n = 79) vehicle drivers, and structured focus group discussions and qualitative interviews with (n = 16) vehicle owners, a multi-criteria analysis was conducted of seven potential interventions identified from literature review and expert interviews. Apart from an increase in evening fare which is limited by passenger affordability and a matter for paratransit associations to decide, the interventions that emerge as most promising for the city authority to consider are an operating deficit payment, in conjunction with improved terminal security. These interventions are less costly and require fewer onerous changes from status quo operations, than previous plans to eliminate paratransit through corporatization. By implementing these alternatives, limited government budgets could be spent more effectively to benefit more city residents more quickly.

Higher order training supporting competence, autonomy, relatedness (HOT-CAR): A model to improve learner drivers' higher order skills

Approaches to teaching young Learners to drive on-road often lack a strong, overarching theoretical framework. This paper proposes a transtheoretical model to guide instruction of higher-order skills – that are associated with reduced crash risk in young drivers – including established teaching techniques for effective instruction. Learnings from Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the Goals for Driver Education framework (widely identified as best-practice but not effectively translated into practice) were integrated into the Higher Order Training supporting Competence, Autonomy, Relatedness (HOT-CAR) model. The model was empirically informed from naturalistic observation of professional in-vehicle lessons (n = 110) and a survey of young adolescent drivers (n = 1627). The HOT-CAR model is presented as a three-component framework that recognises learning to drive occurs within a broader system beyond the Learner and the instructor. The foundation of the model identifies the nature of the relationship between the Learner and the instructor that underlies the success of all other elements. The core of the model is the higher-order driving instruction approach including teaching strategies informed by SDT’s needs-supportive model. The context for the model incorporates some of the immediate considerations relevant to instruction; for example, the graduated driver licensing system, automated vehicle features, and peer influence. An example of the application of the model is provided to reflect the immediate practicality of the HOT-CAR model to driver training. This contributes to the limited road safety literature providing a practical solution to Learner driver training that has potential to reduce the crash risk of young novice drivers. Importantly, the model has potential to be applied and adapted to education and other training environments where higher-order skills are a safety–critical component.

User Preferences in the Design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

The transport network and mobility aspects are constantly changing, and major changes are expected in the coming years in terms of safety and sustainability purposes. In this paper, we present the main conclusions and analysis of data collected from a survey of drivers in Spain and Portugal regarding user preferences, highlighting the main functionalities and behavior that an advanced driver assistance system must have in order to grant it special importance on the road to prevent accidents and also to enable drivers to have a pleasant journey. Based on the results obtained from the survey, we developed and present a working prototype for an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), its architecture and rules systems that allowed us to create and test some scenarios in a real environment.

DIGITAL MEDIA AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT ON HEALTH RISKS OF SMOKING AMONG DRIVERS IN ANAMBRA STATE

Smoking is the inhalation and exhalation of fumes of burning tobacco and other dangerous nicotine substances that endanger health. It is also a learned behaviour capable of causing addiction. The study examined civic engagement through digital media on health risks of smoking among drivers in Onitsha, Anambra State. The study focused on drivers of registered Mass Transit companies: Eastern Mass Transit and Onitsha South Mass Transit. The study was anchored on two theories: grounded theory of smoking decision which explains pre-and-post effects of smoking quitting, and mediatisation theory which examines the long-term structural change in the role of media in culture and society. The study adopted a survey of drivers of select Mass Transit companies in Anambra State. This was to ensure that these drivers were studied in their varying work atmospheres concerning smoking. Findings of the study showed that drivers of both companies make effective use of digital media for information on the dangers of smoking while driving and erring drivers are adequately penalised. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that media messages on the dangers of smoking tobacco or other dangerous substances on the wheel should be sustained. It equally recommended psychological tests on drivers before recruitment.

Socioeconomic status during youth and risk of car crash during adulthood. Findings from the DRIVE cohort study

BackgroundYoung drivers of low socioeconomic status (SES) have a disproportionally high risk of crashing compared with their more affluent counterparts. Little is known if this risk persists into adulthood and...

A study of the willingness of Spanish drivers to pay a premium for ZEVs

Over the next few decades the Spanish government aims to increase the, so far, insignificant market share of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) in the Spanish vehicle fleet. However, there are several barriers that hamper this market penetration, one of the most important being the higher purchase prices of zero emission cars compared to their conventional counterparts. This paper presents the results of a survey of drivers (n = 1474) conducted in Spain towards year-end 2017 to assess their willingness to purchase ZEVs. The willingness to pay responses were analyzed using finite mixture models to identify the different underlying profiles in the sample. Purchase prices emerge as a major obstacle for most of the sample. The results reveal the existence of different subpopulations with different profiles and willingness to pay. Earlier adopters are those with a higher level of education, higher income level, more extensive knowledge of ZEVs, and greater awareness of the negative consequences of the use of fossil fuels in transportation in terms of environmental pollution and economic dependence. These results justify the importance of public education campaigns in Spain on the characteristics and advantages of ZEVs compared to conventional cars.

Transport, Associated Handling Procedures and Behaviour of Calves Marketed through Chilean Auction Markets.

Simple SummaryCattle are transported at least once in their lives, primarily associated with marketing. In Chile one of the main channels for selling animals is auctions. At auction markets, the procedures associated with transport of livestock (loading, unloading and travel) are at least duplicated, affecting their welfare. The aims of this study were to describe the procedures associated with transport and handling of calves (cattle < 9 months old) during marketing through auctions, and to evaluate compliance with Chilean law. A survey of drivers who transport calves from originating farms to markets (OM) and from markets to destination farms (MD) was performed. During loading and unloading, handling by stockpersons, facilities, calf fitness for transport, and behaviour were evaluated using protocols. Most drivers claimed having the training required by law, used bedding material, and provided adequate space for the animals; most OM and MD journeys were less than 2 h. Most calves were assessed as fit for transport. Calves slipped often and some practices associated with poor handling were still observed, mainly during loading. Compliance with the law during transport of calves was adhered to; however, associated handling during unloading and loading is still inadequate, evidencing a need for training. In Chile, selling animals through livestock markets is common. At markets, stressful events like loading, unloading and travel are at least duplicated. We described procedures associated with transport of calves at 20 markets and evaluated compliance with Chilean law by performing a survey of drivers who transport calves from origin farms to markets (OM) and from markets to destination (MD). During loading and unloading, we evaluated handling by stockpersons, facilities, fitness for transport, and behavioural indicators of the calves through direct observation using protocols. A total of 80% of drivers claimed having the training required by law. The mean travel time was 1 h 31 min for OM and 1 h 44 min for MD journeys (overall range 5 min–40.5 h). Most drivers used bedding material and provided adequate space availability. A total of 99.2% of the observed calves were assessed as fit to transport; slipping, turning back, vocalizing and balking were frequent behaviours observed during loading and unloading. Prohibited practices like prodding and hitting using driving devices were still observed, mainly during loading. Compliance with the law during transport of calves was adhered to; however, the associated handling within markets was still inadequate, evidencing need for training in order to improve animal welfare.

Drive-through cities: cars, labor, and exaggerated automobilities in Abu Dhabi

ABSTRACT This paper examines automobile dependence within the city of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Significant attachment to cars, and a combination of social, cultural, and demographic factors, have created unique expressions of automobility – labeled here as exaggerated automobilities. The paper attempts to understand how and why these new displays of automobility emerge. It also focuses on the drivers’ attitudes of dominance and superiority towards non-drivers – in this case, low-income migrant workers. The paper reviews literature relevant to automobility and labor flows in the UAE. It then documents some of these expressions of automobility through ethnographic observations in the city and a survey of young drivers.

Analysis of parking cruising behaviour and parking location choice

ABSTRACT This paper explores car drivers’ cruising behaviour and location choice for curb parking in areas with insufficient parking space based on a survey of car drivers in Beijing, China. Preliminary analysis of the data show that car drivers’ cruising behaviour is closely related to their parking duration and parking location. A multinomial probit (MNP) model is used to analyse cruising behaviour and the results show that the closer to the destination car drivers are, the more likely they choose to park on the curb. The adjacent locations are the basis of car drivers’ sequential parking decisions at different locations. The research results provide a better understanding of cruising behaviour for parking and recommendations for reducing cruising for parking. The provision of parking information can help regulate the parking demand distribution.

INFORMATION APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE TRAFFIC ROUTE BY VEHICLES DRIVERS IN CITIES

Purpose. Modeling the transport network, streamlining the development and planning of traffic flows, which is possible through the introduction of information technology, leads to better control of the transport system and transport operations. The study is aimed at gaining new knowledge on determining traffic routes for vehicle drivers in cities. Currently discovered patterns of drivers choosing traffic routes are offered for all drivers of vehicles, regardless of their individual characteristics. Methodology. When determining the patterns of drivers choosing the routes of vehicles in cities, it is proposed to conduct differentially depending on the individual characteristics of drivers, which are determined by the type of nervous system. Based on the analysis, factors were identified that affect the choice of traffic route for drivers. In order to fix the identified factors, a survey was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire. To take into account the individual characteristics of drivers using a typological questionnaire, the type of nervous system was determined. To determine the patterns of choice of traffic routes for drivers of vehicles, methods of regression analysis were used. Findings. Based on the data obtained from a survey of vehicle drivers, a model was developed for changing the correspondence share implemented by the drivers with the sanguine type of nervous system on the alternative traffic routes. A statistical evaluation of the resulting model indicates the admissibility of its use for predicting the parameters of traffic flows in urban sustainable development projects. Originality. For the first time, the authors conducted a study of the patterns of choice of traffic routes for drivers of vehicles, taking into account the individual characteristics of drivers, which are determined by the type of nervous system. Practical value. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to model the transport network, rationalize the development and plan traffic flows, which is possible through the introduction of information technologies. Modeling the traffic routes of vehicles makes it possible to analyze the throughput of highways and intersections. The introduction of information technology leads to better control of the transport system and transport operations.

PATTERNS OF URBAN TRANSPORT FLOWS GENERATION

The article is devoted to explaining the issue of exploring the patterns of formation of urban traffic flows in case of the development of urban transport systems projects. Existing methods for predicting traffic flow parameters are developed for all drivers of vehicles, regardless of their individual characteristics, and contain only travel time as a parameter. It is proposed to use the route run, travel time, traffic intensity as the possible criteria, the route runs along the main roads, the condition of the road surface, the number of traffic lights on the route, and fatigue when driving. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey of drivers of individual vehicles, the significance of the criteria for choosing a route of movement for drivers with various types of nervous systems is assessed. The most significant criterion was set up when choosing a route for travel is the “condition of the road surface”. The second most important criterion is “run along the route”. The third criterion was “travel time”. The criterion “traffic intensity” has become even less significant for drivers. The next most important criterion was “the route take place over the main roads”. Even less significant was the criterion “quantity of traffic lights on the route”. The criterion “fatigue during movement” became the least significant. To assess the consistency of expert opinions, a concordance coefficient was used. The values of the concordance coefficient showed that there is a consistency of expert opinions both for the total population of drivers and for their groups, divided on the basis of “temperament”. It was found that when choosing a travel route, drivers are guided by numerous criteria. Moreover, the advantage or disadvantage of one or another criterion depends on its individual characteristics, which are determined by the properties of the central nervous system. Keywords: driver, route, traffic flow, vehicle, questionnaire, nervous system, criterion, significance.

Relationships between Body Mass Index and Self-Reported Motorcycle Crashes in Vietnam

The relationship between overweight, obesity, or body mass index (BMI) and crashes among drivers of passenger cars, vans, and trucks has been the focus of much research. However, little is understood about this relationship among motorcyclists, particularly motorcycle taxi drivers who tend to work long hours. Motorcycle taxis are an increasingly popular and important mode of travel in many cities, especially in South-East Asia, due partly to the rise of ride-hailing services. This paper assesses the body mass index (BMI) of motorcycle taxi drivers in Vietnam and its impacts on crashes among three types of drivers (traditional, ride-hailing, and hybrid). Data from a structured questionnaire survey of motorcycle taxi drivers conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam were used. Results show that 18.8% of motorcycle taxi drivers were overweight or obese whereas only 1.4% were underweight. Fulltime motorcycle taxi drivers were more likely to be overweight or obese. Results of random effect binary logistic regression show that overweight and obese motorcycle taxi drivers had significantly higher overall and injury crash risks, when compared to normal-weight motorcycle taxi drivers. Results also indicate that hybrid motorcycle taxi drivers had lower overall and injury crash risks when compared to traditional motorcycle taxi drivers.

Exploring the determinants of bus drivers job satisfaction: Evidence from South Korea

A lot of countries restrict the working hours of transit drivers, including South Korea, which has instituted decreased limitations recently. This is because bus accidents are often the fault of bus drivers, usually due to tiredness. With changes in the law, however, South Korea is experiencing a lack of bus drivers and difficulties recruiting. The main reasons that people avoid becoming bus drivers are social recognition and low job satisfaction. Therefore, using a survey of bus drivers, this study attempts to determine the factors that affect job satisfaction. A total of 460 responses are collected and we analyze the data using the Ordered Probit Model. It is found that among the four categories and fourteen explanatory variables used in the analysis, nine variables are statistically significant (p-value<.1) in their impact on bus drivers' job satisfaction. These include driver category-bus driving experience; residence, work category-business type; work type; work hour satisfaction; income satisfaction, driving category-negative passenger behavior; road condition pressure, and rest category-toilet use. This study explores which factors affect the satisfaction of bus drivers and which are most critical, the findings will provide guidance about bus drivers' job satisfaction.

RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND LUNG FUNCTION AMONG ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI DRIVERS

SESSION TITLE: Population-Wide Lung Health: Exposures and Risks SESSION TYPE: Original Investigations PRESENTED ON: 10/23/2019 10:45 AM - 11:45 AM PURPOSE: Online motorcycle taxi drivers have been heavily exposed to high concentration of hazardous air pollutants. It will cause harmful effects especially on the respiratory system. This study aimed to describe the respiratory symptoms and lung function among online motorcycle taxi drivers and risk factors that influence them. METHODS: A survey research design of 99 online motorcycle taxi drivers in Bekasi City was done. Lung function was measured using spirometer and predicted volume value from Pneumobile Project Indonesia. Risk factors and respiratory symptoms were collected using questionnaire. RESULTS: This study showed that 10,1% of subjects had restrictive lung function impairment and 5,1% had obstructive lung function impairment. Age had significant association with restrictive disorders (p= 0,006). The mean predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) was 3451 ml and the mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 2959 ml. There was a significant relationship between sex (p=0,001) and age (p=0,001) with the mean percent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC). Age had significant association with the mean of percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (%FEV1) (p=0,039). However there were no significant relationship founded between sex, body mass index, safety equipment, history of smoking, duration of work, asthma history and previous tuberculosis disease with obstructive and restrictive lung function impairment. A proportion of respiratory symptoms among online motorcycle taxi drivers were cough (17,2%) and shortness of breath (6,1%). There were no significant relationship founded between respiratory symptoms and lung function result. CONCLUSIONS: This survey showed online motorcycle taxi drivers have respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment, however the causal relationship with the workplace environment is still unclear. Therefore, it will need further study to explore this findings. Moreover, education to the online motorcycle taxi drivers about the importance of using personal protective equipment will help them to protect respiratory systems from harmful gases. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: We report for the first time survey of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Indonesia which showed respiratory and impairment of lung function. Causal relationship with the workplace environment will be better explore with cohort study. Therefore, mask as personal protective equipment should be used in daily basis to protect them from air pollutants. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Triya Damayanti, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Jaka Pradipta, source=Web Response no disclosure on file for Agus Susanto

Effect of visible presence of policing activities on drivers’ vigilance and intention to refrain from non-driving activities: A scenario-based survey of general Japanese drivers

Driver distraction is an important issue for road safety. The visible presence of policing activities alongside roadways seems to be significant in preventing driver distraction and other unsafe driving behaviors. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of the effectiveness of visible policing presence on drivers’ self-reported intention to refrain from non-driving activities and that this effectiveness can be enhanced by manipulating deployment even with limited resources. We conducted a scenario-based survey to compare drivers’ self-reported intention to refrain from non-driving activities and their vigilance state across several hypothetical driving situations. The three aims of the study were to examine whether drivers’ self-reported vigilance and intention to refrain from non-driving activities were associated with (a) the presence or absence of common forms of roadside policing, (b) the agent (police vs. civilian) and medium (human vs. advertisement) of road safety interventions, and (c) different forms of policing (police officer vs. police car) and their respective levels of conspicuousness.Japanese drivers (N = 367) were randomly assigned to receive one of three booklets that included a scenario-based survey. The three booklets contained different combinations of various hypothetical driving scenarios based on the three experiment designs (a, b, c) described above. Participants were asked to rate their vigilance and their intention to refrain from non-driving activities in hypothetical driving situations that varied by the presence or absence of policing and how conspicuous that presence was. We conducted repeated measures within-subject analysis of variance using the three experimental designs.The results showed that the presence of a single police unit engaged in policing activities was associated with more vigilance and greater intention to refrain from non-driving activities. The results suggested that effectiveness of visible policing could be enhanced by increasing conspicuousness of police officers in order to help drivers more easily recognize the presence of police without having to purchase extra equipment. These findings provide useful insights for traffic police to conduct routine policing practices more efficiently to address non-driving activities. Future research is needed to examine these results in a real-world setting.

Emerging Security Risks of E-Hail Transport Services: Focus on Uber Taxi in Nairobi, Kenya

This study attempted to examine the emerging security risks brought about by the e-hail taxi mode of transportation. It argues that despite the fact that the security risks associated with traditional taxi transportation still apply to e-hail taxi services, there are emergent risks that are unique to the app-based taxi hailing services. It further contends that as evidenced by the reactionary way of addressing security issues arising form usage of the service, it is clear that security was not a factor during conceptualisations, development and operation of the app-based taxi service. The study conducted a survey of uber customers and drivers in Nairobi County Kenya, and data was collected from 400 respondents with 85% response rate. Majority of the respondents indicated that they somewhat often (32.23%), agreed that Uber is more convenient (58.76%), indicated that Uber offers more business and job opportunities (86.46%). Despite the positive opinions by the respondents, 65.31% opined that Uber portend security risks

EMERGING SECURITY RISKS OF E-HAIL TRANSPORT SERVICES: FOCUS ON UBER TAXI IN NAIROBI, KENYA

This study attempted to examine the emerging security risks brought about by the e-hail taxi mode of transportation. It argues that despite the fact that the security risks associated with traditional taxi transportation still apply to e-hail taxi services, there are emergent risks that are unique to the app-based taxi hailing services. It further contends that as evidenced by the reactionary way of addressing security issues arising form usage of the service, it is clear that security was not a factor during conceptualisations, development and operation of the app-based taxi service. The study conducted a survey of uber customers and drivers in Nairobi County Kenya, and data was collected from 400 respondents with 85% response rate. Majority of the respondents indicated that they somewhat often (32.23%), agreed that Uber is more convenient (58.76%), indicated that Uber offers more business and job opportunities (86.46%). Despite the positive opinions by the respondents, 65.31% opined that Uber portend security risks

Traffic Condition and Emission Factor from Diesel Vehicles within the Kathmandu Valley

ABSTRACT Past research on air quality within the Kathmandu Valley indicates that diesel vehicles make a substantial contribution to the ambient pollution. Hence, it’s important to identify cost-effective measures for reducing their emissions. As a first step, roadside observations of diesel vehicles were recorded between February and April 2017 at six locations: two on the ring road (RR), two inside the RR, and two on major arterial highways outside the RR. Out of all diesel vehicles observed (n = 12,039), 35% were emitting a visible plume of black smoke and hereafter are referred to as “superemitters”. Of the 4,248 superemitters, 45% were buses of varying sizes, 34% were large trucks, and 19% were small pickups. Superemitters made up the largest fraction of diesel vehicle traffic on the RR (43%–46%) but were also abundant inside the RR (27%–29%), where human population and pollutant exposure is greatest. Upon developing a comprehensive understanding of the superemitting vehicle types and ownership, maintenance patterns and servicing costs were studied through a survey of vehicle owners, vehicle drivers, and local maintenance centers. The costs of general servicing ranged between USD 16 for tractors and USD 203 for construction vehicles depending on the size of the vehicle. Lastly, the effect of general servicing on emissions while idling was explored for a small sample of superemitters (n = 4). PM2.5 emissions reduced from 10.90 g L–1 to 3.76 g L–1 and BC emissions reduced from 0.847 g L–1 to 0.596 g L–1 after servicing. Taken together, results from this roadside surveillance study and exploratory emission-measurement campaign provide preliminary evidence that a policy of mandatory, routine maintenance of a targeted subset of the diesel fleet can systematically reduce emissions and improve air quality in the Kathmandu Valley and other cities around the world that are facing similar problems.

Passenger Vehicle Emissions in Indonesia: Future Projections

This study examines the effect of the low-cost green car (LCGC) policy that was introduced to control emissions from passenger vehicles in Indonesia. We examine the policy&amp;rsquo;s effectiveness by estimating the level of emissions of CO, HC, NO, CO2 under two scenarios: with and without LCGCs. The affordable price of LCGCs and the strict enforcement of the vehicle purchase system led us to estimate the growth in the number of vehicles using minimum annual income as a measure of people&amp;rsquo;s ability to buy a new car. An annual income of US$4,500&amp;ndash;$10,000 was considered to represent the people who could buy an LCGC. Annual travel distance was obtained from a survey of drivers, and the deterioration factor from the Euro 2 standard was used. The results showed that the LCGC policy will potentially cause a significant increase in emissions of CO, HC, and NO by 2030. The LCGC scenario predicted 1,389.7, 31.0, and 279.5 tons of CO, NO, and HC, respectively, compared with 670.3, 15.1, and 136.6 tons, respectively, for the scenario without LCGCs, an increase of 51.7%, 48%, and 51.2%, respectively. For amount of CO2, although LCGC policy could save more than 104,881 tons, the gap is increasing until end of projection in 2030, 3.3 times bigger between corresponding year, 49,411 tons and 14,892 tons for with and without LCGC policy, respectively.