Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibers Research Articles

The Study of the Glass Fiber Surface Treatment Effect on the Base Strength Characteristics of the Composite Material

This article examines the impact of surface treatment of glass fibers on the strength of a composite material with an unsaturated polyester polymer matrix reinforced with glass fibers. The strength tests conducted include tensile, bending, and impact strength tests, as well as weight loss measurements. The research was conducted in two stages: in the first stage, the time was kept constant while the fibers were treated with varying concentrations of an alkaline NaOH solution; in the second stage, the concentration was fixed and the variable parameter was the treatment time. The results of the study indicate that surface treatment of glass fibers significantly improves their adhesion to the matrix materials, resulting in improved strength test results for the composite samples. The impact resistance, bending resistance, and tensile strength values all increased compared to the reference samples. However, certain changes in the individual parameters of fiber processing led to a slight decrease in tensile strength when it fell below the reference values. Additionally, it was observed that as the concentration of the solution and treatment time increased, the weight of the fibers decreased.

Study on the improvement of interfacial strength between glass fiber and matrix resin by grafting cellulose nanofibers

The performance of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) markedly depends on the fiber/matrix interface bonding. In this study, a new approach is proposed to improve the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) added on the surface of the reinforcing fiber. Different concentrations of CNFs were prepared and then used for the surface treatment of glass fibers. The effect of CNFs grafted onto fibers on the IFSS and the flexural strength of glass fiber/epoxy resin composites was investigated. A scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the surface morphologies. Micro-droplet and three-point bending tests were conducted to evaluate the properties mentioned above. The results indicated that these mechanical properties improved as the CNF concentrations increased. A maximum increase of 78% in the IFSS was achieved, while an enhancement of 20% was obtained for the flexural strength. This suggests that grafting CNFs onto GF can significantly improve the strength of glass fiber/epoxy composites.

Experimental Analysis on the Effect of Surface Treatment of Glass Fibers & Nanoclay on Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of surface treatment on mechanical properties of Glass Fiber reinforced epoxy nanoclay nanocomposites which was manufactured using nanoclay, Nanomer 1.28E content with a fixed percentage of 3 wt. % by compression molding. Nine different samples were made with different possible combinations to compare the effect of surface treatment of glass fibers (Untreated/Silane and Acid Treated) and nanoclay (Untreated and trimethyl stearyl ammonium modified). Tensile, Impact, Flexural and Hardness tests had been done to evaluate the mechanical performance of the composites. The fine morphological modifications made on the surface of the glass fiber and nanoclay enhanced the interfacial bonding between the epoxy resin and reinforcement which in turn improved the tensile, flexural and impact properties by improvement in hardness too. The mechanical properties such as flexural strength and impact strength has slightly decreased in the composite made of Epoxy, Silane treated Glass fiber and surface modified nanoclay but instead there is an increase in tensile strength and hardness which in turn will improve the wear properties when compared to neat composite.

Evaluation of interfacial and mechanical properties of glass fiber and p-DCPD composites with surface treatment of glass fiber

Optimum interfacial conditions are important in the fabrication of glass fiber (GF)/p-DCPD composites to enhance mechanical and impact properties. In this study, different GFs were used in the manufacture of p-DCPD composites and their interfacial and wetting properties compared. Interfacial properties of different GFs and p-DCPD were compared using interfacial shear stress (IFSS). IFSS was determined using a fragmentation test of dual fiber composite (DFC) and cyclic loading tensile tests. The CR-212 GF/p-DCPD composite was the best IFSS to 60.2 MPa than others and cyclic loading tensile strength decreased the slightest than others. Wetting properties were obtained from dynamic contact angle measurement and the variation of static contact angle. The p-DCPD wetted the quickest to CR-212 GF in 2 s than others. Surface energy and work of adhesion of different GFs and p-DCPD were calculated using the dynamic contact angle. The CR-212 GF/p-DCPD was the best work of adhesion than others. Sizing agent of different GFs was extracted using an acetone extraction method and compared using FT-IR spectra. The CR-212 GF exhibited the most hydroxyl group than others. Mechanical properties of different GFs and p-DCPD composites were compared using tensile, flexural and Izod impact test at room and low temperature. The CR-212 GF/p-DCPD composites exhibited the most tensile, flexural and Izod impact test at room and low temperature than other composites. The relationship between interfacial properties and mechanical properties was determined and optimum fiber sizing conditions were obtained using these all results. The GF/p-DCPD composites will be applied to external material of heavy vehicle and military field because of high impact properties at room and low temperature.

Mechanical properties of norbornene-based silane treated glass fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene composites manufactured by the S-RIM process

Abstract A lab scale structural reaction injection molding (S-RIM) piece of equipment was designed and used to fabricate glass fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene (p-DCPD) composites for three different fiber contents. In order to obtain information regarding the optimal process temperature (>80°C) and the curing time (<30 s), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the curing behavior of DCPD resin under isothermal conditions. Further, a norbornene-based silane treatment was used to improve the interfacial adhesion between the glass fibers and DCPD as confirmed by the micro-droplet pull-out test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fabrication of glass fiber/p-DCPD composites with improved mechanical properties was carried out based on the optimized process conditions and surface treatment of glass fiber.

Effect of glass fiber surface treatment on the mechanical strength of glass fiber reinforced resin mineral composite for machine tool bed

With excellent vibration alleviating properties, resin mineral composite (RMC) has attracted special attention in the field of mechanical engineering. However, applications of RMC are restricted because of its limited mechanical strength. In this research, the glass fiber (GF) was added into RMC to increase its mechanical strength, and the effect of the length and mass fraction of GF on the mechanical strength of GF/RMC were investigated. Results showed that the compressive strength and flexural strength of RMC first increased and then decreased as the length and mass fraction of GF increased. In order to improve the interfacial bonding between GF and RMC, the GF was subsequently treated by ultrasonication, oxidation, and silanization. And three types of treated GF, i.e., ultrasonic treated GF (U-GF), ultrasonic and oxidation treated GF (O-GF), and ultrasonic, oxidation and silanization treated GF (S-GF) were obtained. Among these three types of treated GF, the S-GF exhibited superior reinforcement in RMC. In addition, the effect of oxidation parameters on the mechanical strength of S-GF/RMC was investigated. In the case of sodium hydroxide oxidation, the optimum mechanical strength of S-GF/RMC was achieved when the S-GF was treated in 1.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide for 3 h at 40°C, in which the compressive strength and flexural strength of S-GF/RMC increase by 17.5% and 20.8% compared to neat RMC, respectively. In the case of hydrogen nitrate oxidation, the best mechanical strength of S-GF/RMC was achieved when the S-GF was treated in 1.5 mol/L hydrogen nitrate for 5 h at 80°C, in which the compressive strength and flexural strength of S-GF/RMC increased by 11.2% and 18.1% compared to neat RMC, respectively. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

유리섬유 강화 근관치료 포스트의 제조 및 특성에 대한 연구

*Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju 660-031, Korea**Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea(Received April 13, 2015)(Revised April 16, 2015)(Accepted April 24, 2015)Abstract The fiber-reinforced endodontic posts were prepared using a photocurable resin and a glass fiber. Themechanical property of the posts increased with increasing density of glass fiber and the micro-pores in the post wereremoved by a vacuum impregnation process. To improve the interfacial adhesion between glass fiber and polymer, silanecoupling agent was used. The surface treatment of glass fiber increased the surface wettability of resing on glass fiber andincreased the adhesion property with resin, consequently improved the mechanical property of posts.Key wordsFiber reinforced endodontic post, Glass fiber, Photocurable resin, Interfacil adhesion, Mechanical property

A Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Different Chemical Solvents on the Shear Bond Strength of Glass Fiber reinforced Post to Core Material.

ABSTRACT%Aim: To compare the effect of different chemical solvents on glass fiber reinforced posts and to study the effect of these solvents on the shear bond strength of glass fiber reinforced post to core material.Materials and methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three chemical solvents, i.e. silane coupling agent, 6% H2O2 and 37% phosphoric acid on the shear bond strength of glass fiber post to a composite resin restorative material. The changes in post surface characteristics after different treatments were also observed, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and shear bond strength was analyzed using universal testing machine (UTM).Results: Surface treatment with hydrogen peroxide had greatest impact on the post surface followed by 37% phosphoric acid and silane. On evaluation of the shear bond strength, 6% H2O2 exhibited the maximum shear bond strength followed in descending order by 37% phosphoric acid and silane respectively.Conclusion: The surface treatment of glass fiber post enhances the adhesion between the post and composite resin which is used as core material. Failure of a fiber post and composite resin core often occurs at the junction between the two materials. This failure process requires better characterization.How to cite this article: Sharma A, Samadi F, Jaiswal JN, Saha S. A Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Different Chemical Solvents on the Shear Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced Post to Core Material. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(3):192-196.

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on the Flexural Property of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Film

Transparent glass fiber reinforced composites films ware fabricated by UV light induced chemical crosslinking of composite materials consisting of glass fiber and UV curable resin in film state. In order to apply film to flexible device, excellent flexural property is required, then the delamination should not occurred between glass fiber and UV curable resin when film is bent. To minimize delamination and improve the interfacial adhesion at interface between glass fiber and UV curable resin, the γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane and γ-glycid oxypropyl trimethoxy silane were applied for the surface treatment of glass fibers. Silanization of glass fiber surface was checked by scanning electron microscopy and the degree of delamination of composite film was confirmed through the bending test, ASTEM290-96a, used by haze meter.

Effect of glass fiber reinforcement surface treatment on the soft liner retention and longevity

Background: Denture liners have been used in dentistry for many years. Soft denture liner is one of the denture liners which used to enhance the fit of poor fitting dentures and prevent trauma to sensitive mucosa. One of the disadvantages of the soft denture liner is the frequent debonding from the denture during clinical use thus reducing the longevity of such prosthesis. Glass fibers integrated at or on the fitting surface of the denture used to improve the bonding of the silicone soft liner to the acrylic surface. Materials and methods: the shear bond strength calculated to evaluate the effect of the glass fiber surface treatment on the bonding between the acrylic surface and the silicon soft liner. 120 samples were prepared and divided into 3 major groups: Group I for the conventional heat cure acrylic, Group II for the pour acrylic and Group III for the light cure acrylic. Each one of these major groups divided into 2 subgroups, the first one for the Mollosil silicon soft liner and the second one is for the Molloplast-B silicon soft liner. Each one of these sub groups consist of 2 types of the acrylic surface: smooth (control) and glass fiber net surface treatment. Results: this study revealed that some types of the surface treatment exhibited a highly significant improvement in the bonding between the acrylic surface and the soft liner. Conclusion: glass fiber surface treatment could improve the bonding between the acrylic surface and the soft liner.

Surface treatment of glass fiber and carbon fiber posts: SEM characterization

Morphology, etching patterns, surface modification, and characterization of 2 different fiber posts: Gfp, Glass fiber post; and Cfp, carbon fiber were investigated by SEM analysis, after different surface treatments. Thirty fiber posts, being 15 Gfp and 15 Cfp were divided into a 5 surface treatments (n = 3): C-alcohol 70% (control); HF 4%-immersion in 4% hydrofluoric acid for 1min; H(3) PO(4) 37%-immersion in 37% phosphoric acid for 30s; H(2) O(2) 10%-immersion in 10% hydrogen peroxide for 20 min; H(2) O(2) 24%-immersion in 24% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min. Morphology, etching patterns, surface modification and surface characterization were acessed by SEM analysis. SEM evaluation revealed that the post surface morphology was modified following all treatment when compared with a control group, for both type of reinforced posts. HF seems to penetrate around the fibers of Gfp and promoted surface alterations. The Cfp surface seems to be inert to treatment with HF 4%. Dissolution of epoxy resin and exposure of the superficial fiber was observed in both post groups, regardless the type of reinforcing fiber, H(2) O(2) in both concentrations. Relative smooth surface area was produced by H(3) PO(4) 37% treatment, but with similar features to untreated group. Surface treatment of fiber post is a determinant factor on micromechanical entanglement to resin composite core. Post treatment with hydrogen peroxide resulted strength of carbon and glass/epoxy resin fiber posts to resin composite core.

Surface treatment of glass-reinforced plastics: Structural study of silane finish layers on the surface of glass fillers. Modification of finishes by transition metal salts

The structure and chemical composition of glass fiber surface treatment substances and their influence on composite materials properties are analyzed.

Styrene/tetradecyl methyl acrylate/3‐methacryloxylpropyl trimethoxyl silane triblock copolymers: Atom transfer radical polymerization synthesis and effects on the glass‐fiber/polypropylene interphase properties as a macromolecular coupling agent

AbstractStyrene/tetradecyl methyl acrylate/3‐methacryloxylpropyl trimethoxyl silane triblock copolymers (PSTKs), with well‐defined structures and narrow molecular weight distributions, were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. They were investigated as macromolecular coupling agents for the surface treatment of glass fibers. The reaction kinetics for the triblock copolymers were studied. The contact angles of the copolymers with water and diiodomethane showed that a modified‐glass‐fiber surface treated with a PSTK solution had strong hydrophobicity and that the impregnation of polypropylene on glass fibers was improved dramatically. In comparison with a film of 3‐methacryloxylpropyl trimethoxyl silane, the polarity of the surface free energy of a PSTK film decreased, whereas the dispersion increased greatly. The critical concentration of the macromolecular coupling agents was obtained, and the monolayer saturated adsorptive capacity was calculated with the Gibbs absorption isotherm equation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1661–1670, 2007

Flexibility improvement of short glass fiber reinforced epoxy by using a liquid elastomer

In certain applications of fiber reinforced polymer composites flexibility is required. The aim of this study was to improve flexibility of short glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites by using a liquid elastomer. For this purpose, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) based epoxy matrix was modified with hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). A silane coupling agent (SCA) was also used to improve the interfacial adhesion between glass fibers and epoxy matrix. During specimen preparation, hardener and HTPB were premixed and left at room temperature for an hour before mixing with epoxy resin to allow possible reactions to occur. In order to compare flexibility of the specimens flexural tests were conducted and the data were evaluated numerically by using a derived relation. Test data and scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that surface treatment of glass fibers with SCA, and HTPB modification of epoxy matrix improved flexural properties especially due to the strong interaction between fibers, epoxy, and rubber. It was also observed that HTPB modification resulted in formation of relatively round rubber domains in the epoxy matrix leading to increased flexibility of the specimens.

Influences of liquid elastomer additive on the behavior of short glass fiber reinforced epoxy

AbstractIn this study, improvements in mechanical and thermal behavior of short glass fiber (GF) reinforced diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) based epoxy with hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) modification have been studied. A silane coupling agent (SCA) with a rubber reactive group was also used to improve the interfacial adhesion between glass fibers and an epoxy matrix. 10, 20, and 30 wt% GF reinforced composite specimens were prepared with and without silane coupling agent treatment of fibers and also HTPB modification of epoxy mixture. In the ruber modified specimens, hardener and HTPB were premixed and left at room temperature for 1 hr before epoxy addition. In order to observe the effects of short glass fiber reinforcement of epoxy matrix, silane treatment of fiber surfaces, and also rubber modification of epoxy on the mechanical behavior of specimens, tension and impact tests were performed. The fracture surfaces and thermal behavior of all specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. It can be concluded that increasing the short GF content increased the tensile and impact strengths of the specimens. Moreover, the surface treatment of GFs with SCA and HTPB modification of epoxy improved the mechanical properties because of the strong interaction between fibers, epoxy, and rubber. SEM studies showed that use of SCA improved interfacial bonding between the glass fibers and the epoxy matrix. Moreover, it was found that HTPB domains having relatively round shapes formed in the matrix. These rubber domains led to improved strength and toughness, due mainly to the “rubber toughening” effect in the brittle epoxy matrix.

Field desorption mass spectroscopic analysis of silane coupling agents hydrolyzed in solution

Aqueous solutions of silane coupling agents used for surface treatment of glass fiber were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and field desorption mass spectrometry (FD-MS). N-Phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AnPS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) used were hydrolyzed and condensed in water-ethanol solution. FD-MS analysis was found to be suitable for the evaluation of polymerization of silanes in the process of hydrolysis and condensation in the aqueous solution. FD-MS analysis gave the molecular weight of each silane condensate to evaluate the respective molecular structure.

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Interphase and Performance of Glass Fibers/Unsaturated Polyester Composites

To improve the interfacial adhesion at interfaces between fibers and matrix, the γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (90 wt%, MPS) containing γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (10 wt%, APS) was applied to the surface treatment of glass fibers with different concentrations. The contact angle of silane-treated glass fibers and interlaminar shear strength and critical stress intensity factor (KIC) for mechanical interfacial properties of glass fibers/unsaturated polyester were measured. According to the contact angle measurement, the silane-treated glass fibers did lead to an increase in surface free energy, mainly due to the increase of its specific (or polar) component. And mechanical interfacial properties of the composites were improved in the case of silane-treated composites compared with those as received and were shown in a maximum value in the presence of 0.2 wt% MPS/APS, due to the peptide bonding between CO of MPS and –NH of APS. It revealed that the hydrogen bonding, which is one of the specific components of the surface free energy, between the glass fibers and the coupling agents plays an important role in improving the degree of adhesion at interfaces in a composite system.

K-0934 GFRP積層板の曲げおよび引張強度の時間,温度依存性に及ぼす繊維-樹脂界面の影響(J05-6 環境・耐久性(1))(J05 複合材料の加工と評価)

The flexural and tensile fatigue tests as well as constant strain rate (CSR) tests for GFRP laminates, which have plain woven glass fiber with several levels of surface treatment, are conducted over wide ranges of loading rate and temperature. The flexural CSR and fatigue strengths depends cleary on surface treatment of glass fiber at low temperature, however depend scarecely on surface treatment of glass fiber at high temperature. On the other hand, the tensile CSR strength depends scarcely on surface treatment of glass fiber for all region of temperature tested. However, the tensile fatigue strength depends cleary on surface treatment of glass fiber for all region of temperature tested. Furthernore, the fatigue strengths of these GFRP laminates are also investigted.

Influence of silane coupling agents on the surface energetics of glass fibers and mechanical interfacial properties of glass fiber-reinforced composites

The effect of various silane coupling agents on glass fiber surfaces has been studied in terms of the surface energetics of fibers and the mechanical interfacial properties of composites. γ-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS) were used for the surface treatment of glass fibers. From contact angle measurements based on the wicking rate of a test liquid, it was observed that silane treatment of glass fiber led to an increase in the surface free energy, mainly due to the increase of its specific (or polar) component. Also, for the glass fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester matrix system, a constant linear relationship was observed in both the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and the critical stress intensity factor (KIC) with the specific component, γS SP, of the surface free energy. This shows that the hydrogen bonding, which is one of the specific components of the surface free energy, between the glass fibers and coupling agents plays an important role in improving the degree of adhesion at the interfaces of composites.

Comparative study of interlaminar fracture toughness of GFRP with different fiber surface treatments

AbstractThis investigation is focused on the influence of glass fiber surface treatment on the interlaminar fracture toughness of unidrectional laminates. Three different fiber surface treatments were considered: polyethylene treated fibers to get poor adhesion, silance treated fibers to get good bond strength, and industrial fibers without special treatments with the coupling agents. The interlaminar fracture behavior of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced composites with different fiber surface treatments has been investigated in mode I, mode II, and for the fixed mixed mode I/II ratio 1.33. Double cantilever beam (DCB), end notched flexure (ENF), and mixed mode flexure (MMF) specimens were used. The data obtained from these tests were analyzed by using different analytical approaches and the finite element method. For the fibers treated with the silane coupling agent, a value about 2.5 times higher of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness for crack initiation was obtained in comparison with the polyethylene sized composite. For the composite made from the industrial fibers, a value about 2 times higher was obtained. Because of extensive fiber bridging and pullout in the composites with poor fiber/matrix adhesion, the results of mode I and mixed mode I/II tests did not characterize the interphase quality. In order to determine the interphase quality, the mode II tests are recommended.