Using room-temperature surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS), we have characterized a GaAlAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) structure. Signals have been observed from every region of the sample. From a line shape fit to the normalized first derivative of the surface photovoltage signal with respect to photon energy, the two-dimensional electron gas density (Ns) was obtained and found to be in good agreement with Hall measurement. The Al composition and the properties of the GaAs/GaAlAs superlattice buffer layer also were obtained from the SPS spectrum. The results demonstrate the considerable potential of SPS for the contactless and nondestructive characterization of pHEMT structures at room temperature.