Surface Clogging Research Articles

Optimizing coagulants and flocculant aids for settling

Different considerations are necessary for optimizing primary coagulant dosage when the coagulant is used alone and when it is used in conjunction with flocculant aids for conventional treatment incorporating sedimentation. Optimization based solely on settled water quality is not wholly satisfactory. If the primary coagulant is applied alone, optimization should be based on an economic analysis relating chemical costs and sedimentation basin costs. If the primary coagulant is used with flocculant aids, optimization should be based on minimizing the clogging of downstream filter surfaces.

Some methods of alleviating surface clogging in water spreading with emphasis on filters

Methods of preventing or alleviating clogging of soil pores when spreading water on soil surfaces or injecting water into aquifers for recharge are discussed. Observations of methods such as suction cleaning or scraping to remove clogging materials and restore the infiltration rate in some installed systems are pointed out. Certain past experimental work on the subject is reviewed.Of various filter materials used in infiltrometers at Bakersfield, sand ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.6 mm maintained a higher infiltration rate than ⅛ or ¼ inch pea gravel or the existing aquifer material. Information is given on particle size distribution of both the filter and aquifer materials. Head losses due to filters and within the underlying aquifer are shown.