Small Business Support Research Articles

팬데믹의 일상화에 따른 손실보상

The transition from Pandemic to Endemic requires a new task for compensation for loss after police restriction for public order. The government recognizes loss compensation for small business owners and small and medium-sized business operators who have been closed or suspended due to collective bans or restrictions caused by COVID-19 through the Infectious Disease Prevention and Management Act and the Small Business Protection and Support Act. In this regard, major previous researches have been conducted on whether to apply traditional discussions on property rights guarantees to new situations. We study whether the current loss compensation due to the pandemic can be understood as public compensation or support for socialization of responsibility under the Disaster law from a different perspective from previous studies discussed mainly on German property rights guarantee and loss compensation. In addition, we reviewed the French Constitution, related laws, and Constitutional Court decisions, which were rare to discuss in Korea, and considered the possibility of interpreting the meaning of loss compensation(SON-SIL-BO-SANG) from a perspective other than boundary/separation theory on property rights.

Understanding the contents and development of nascent entrepreneurs’ belief systems

This study tracks the development of nascent entrepreneurs’ (NE) belief systems (mental models) from the time they were seriously planning entrepreneurship to having started their firms. It aims to reveal their typical entrepreneurship-related belief systems to understand the underlying logic of the contents and their change. Cognitive theory predicts belief systems which are first relatively simple and partly shared, but turn more complex and more divergent, thus facilitating the mental representation of their firms’ different environments. The study finds that the NEs share coherent and rather developed belief systems at the outset. They also become more complex after the transition from prospective to actual entrepreneurship, but unexpectedly more uniform, reflecting the NEs’ need to mentally control not only the external environment but also internal issues they share, such as fears and self-efficacy. This implies that entrepreneurs’ cognitive evolution involves developing the conventional “cold” mental grip of the external environment, but also understanding their affective, “hot” side. The development paths can vary, suggesting a corresponding theoretic model. Methodologically, cognitive/causal mapping and semi-structured interviewing provide an accessible approach to studying both aspects of entrepreneurial cognitions. Pragmatically, the findings suggest that small business support should pay more attention to prospective entrepreneurs’ qualms and beliefs, often hidden and biased.

Credit Availability for Minority Business Owners in an Evolving Credit Environment

Disparities in access to small business financing through loan denials and discouragement are estimated using Federal Reserve Small Business Credit Survey data from 2016 to 2020. Substantial differences in credit denial rates continue to exist despite the growth of fintech lenders, which prior research has shown to have expanded the set of small businesses receiving credit. The pandemic period brought many direct additional changes to the business and lending environment, but these results show no evidence of trends in credit access over this period. The Paycheck Protection Program loans represented unprecedented support for small businesses that was not dependent on the credit worthiness of businesses, but minority-owned businesses are estimated to have received a smaller fraction of the funds that they applied for from the program in its 2020 implementation.

TOOLKIT FOR PROMOTING THE SYSTEMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

In the study, attention is updated to the problem of stimulating the development of small entrepreneurship at the local level and simultaneously improving the system of providing social services to the local population, in particular medical care. It was emphasized that stimulating the development of small business entities and also the medical sector in rural and remote areas is a very difficult task that requires identification in the implementation of specific tools and the involvement of sufficient resources for such purposes. It has been proven that this is why research in this field is always unique and has a high theoretical, methodological and applied value. The purpose of the study is to improve the theoretical, methodological and applied principles of forming policy tools for supporting and stimulating the development of small entrepreneurship in the medical field at the local level. It is shown that the decentralization reform, which is being implemented with permanent success in Ukraine, has largely shifted from the central to the local level the issue of management and financial and resource provision of local social and economic development. These issues become particularly acute in the field of medicine, and often local self-government bodies are objectively unable to solve these extremely difficult tasks on their own. It is necessary to use non-traditional methods and approaches. One of these can be the stimulation of private business in the form of small private health care institutions that provide a wide range of diagnostic and preventive medical services to the population. It was concluded that the policy of local self-government bodies in terms of promoting the development of small business initiatives in the field of providing medical services to the population should be broad in nature, in particular aimed at the general socio-economic development of small towns and surrounding rural areas. Conceptually, the principles of such a policy can be implemented in the following directions: development of production factors; creation and improvement of small business support infrastructure; formation of solvent demand due to increased employment and incomes of the population; development of priority sectors of the economy; increasing the efficiency of small enterprises in the medical field.

Firms’ risk-taking for customers’ benefit and its relevance with performance relative to aspiration

We focus on firms’ risk-taking for customers and investigate how this type of risk-taking is influenced by “performance relative to aspiration” (PRA). Specifically, we examine the PRA and project-financing (PF) loan activities of all 79 savings banks in South Korea from 2013 to 2021. Contrary to the prevalent prediction that risk-taking increases with negative PRA, we demonstrate that banks with a more positive PRA take higher risk through PF loans. This suggests that a more positive PRA has given banks the freedom of action to pursue a social-based goal of small business support, which has been neglected by management as less important than their most important goal of pursuing their own profit. Furthermore, unlike the dominant idea that family firms are more risk-averse than non-family firms, we find that when PRA is positive, family firms engage in risky actions more actively for their customers than non-family counterparts. In other words, banks with better PRA take more risk to provide financial opportunities to their customers and this type of risk-taking is more pronounced for family firms. Implications and future research are discussed.

Central Asia – Russia: Opportunities and Limitations in Building a Joint Future (Foresight Analysis)

Central Asia now plays an important geopolitical role in the balance of power in Eurasia. Russia's role in the region is evolving, but it remains one of the leading ones. The pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine have shifted the situation out of homeostasis. So it is now important to address the issue of security, support for small and mediumsized businesses, and the preservation and development of cultural and humanitarian links. Based on the Foresight procedure this article draws conclusions about the way forward for multilateral relations in the “Central Asia-Russia” format on the basis of the outcome documents announced by the Heads of the Central Asian States and the Russian Federation after their meeting. Using the rapid Foresight tools (anticipation, design, programming and projection), conclusions are drawn about the important position of the Russian Federation as a regional actor in the external policies of the Central Asian States. Its current position is strong, but not uncontroversial. The thesis of the interpenetration of the Russian and Central Asian economies has also been elaborated, since the backbone of low-diversifcation economies are energy and energy-transit. At the same time, one cannot ignore the powerful resource of soft power. The vast area of frontier communicativeness formed by the Kazakhstan-Russian border is a unique resource that can be exploited in the future. The article was based on the results of a scientifc discussion held at the National Communications Development Research Institution (NIIRC), Moscow, Russia in 2022.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A TOOL FOR ENSURING SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION

Considers the evolution of corporate social responsibility and the formation of the modern paradigm of its development. It was revealed that the modern paradigm of social corporate responsibility defines it as a managerial practice of improving business efficiency based on a balancing of profit and social welfare, an integral element of the organization's development strategy, a factor of its competitiveness and investment attractiveness. It is substantiated that corporate social responsibility is an ethical, legal, ecological, social, philanthropic context of the organization's functioning, which is reflected in long-term participation in CSR-projects that contribute to the improvement of social welfare and increasing the efficiency of sustainable development. The article considers the general trends in the development of modern CSR are: philanthropic support of small businesses, CSR is consistent with stakeholders' values (consumers, employees, managers, owners, investors, suppliers), development of volunteering for employees and virtual volunteering, development of social innovations, development of new approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of CSR-initiatives, development of green technologies, improvement of labour policy, improvement of the non-financial reports of CSR. It was determined that the development of corporate social responsibility will be determined by the digitalization of CSR-activities, the growth of employee engagement, the glocalization of the CSR business model, the full supply chain accountability, the inclusion of CSR in the crisis management system, CSR as a tool for ensuring social equality and social inclusion.

Boosting Innovation in India: A Policy Framework

Boosting Innovation in India: A Policy Framework

LOCAL ASPECTS OF SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

Special attention is being paid to intensive development of small business and entrepreneurship, introduction of modern technologies in the field and development of directions for using innovative methods of its improvement. Wide involvement of the population in business activities, growth of the investment and export potential of the industry, and the fact that more attention is being paid to the employment of the population on this basis is gaining importance. Especially in the global economy, improving the organizational and economic mechanisms of small business and private business entities, creating a favorable business environment, strengthening their participation in foreign economic activities, and making full use of their opportunities to increase the income of the population is one of today's urgent issues. These factors imply the implementation of complex measures for financial support of small business and entrepreneurship, information exchange, technical assistance and legal support.

"유통･물류 환경 변화에 따른 소상공인 지원 정책 개선 방안 연구: 고양특례시를 중심으로 "

"유통･물류 환경 변화에 따른 소상공인 지원 정책 개선 방안 연구: 고양특례시를 중심으로 "

Transforming Primary Care: Developing Health Precincts as Models for Sustainable Integrated Community-Based Healthcare

Holistic healthcare precincts are an emerging service model to address the growing health service demands of ageing consumers and an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. In Australia and similar countries with universal publicly funded Medicare systems, the first point of access to healthcare is provided by general medical practitioners. This case report focuses on successful components of a private, integrated, patient-centred primary care model located in a low socioeconomic population in North Brisbane, Queensland. Successful components included a focus on sustainability, general practice as an anchor tenant in the health precinct, the integration of multiple services, team-based care for shared clinical services, flexible expansion options, the use of MedTech, support for small businesses and a cluster structure. The Morayfield Health Precinct (MHP) offers appropriate, safe and individualised healthcare to residents across their life continuum. Its success was built on a foundation of pre-planning, to ensure the design/build, anchor tenant and collaborative ecosystem were sustainable in the long term. MHP planning was based on an adaptation of the WHO-IPCC framework supporting true patient-centred, integrated care. Its shared vision and collaborative care are supported by its internal governance structure, tenant selection, established and emerging referral networks and partnerships. Evidence-based and informed care is further supported by internal and external research and education partnerships.

Development and support of small business in small towns

Development and support of small business in small towns

State support of small and medium-sized businesses in the conditions of sanctions restrictions and problems of its implementation

State support of small and medium-sized businesses in the conditions of sanctions restrictions and problems of its implementation

Commercial banks and small businesses relation and the role of the state in supporting them

In this article, we have considered the main aspects of credit relations between secondtier banks in Kazakhstan and small businesses. The current state of small business lending inKazakhstan was analyzed. The role and importance of the state in supporting small business atthe present stage is determined. The main state programs to support small business, their roleand contribution to the development of small business are considered. The significance of therole of state support in the formation and development of small businesses is established. Themain directions of state financing are analyzed on the example of JSC «Damu EntrepreneurshipFund». The experience of implementing a small business support program in Kazakhstan in sucha direction as women’s entrepreneurship was studied. The main problem areas in the developmentof small business are identified. The author’s recommendations on improving the relationshipbetween banks, small businesses, and the state are offered.

Financial support for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in agriculture

The article discusses the main directions of the state programs intended for thedevelopment of entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan and the amount of allocated funds for theirimplementation. There are also presented basic means of the government support for small andmedium-sized businesses and the results of their use by special organizations that provide supportto the enterprises in the agricultural sector. The authors have carried out a comparative analysisof the dynamics of the entrepreneurship development over the years 2015 and 2019 (the period ofvalidity of the considered support programs). There also have been assessed the impact of financingon the development level of the entrepreneurship in agriculture in Kazakhstan according to theresults of the analysis. There are identified the main problems associated with the effectiveness ofthe implementation of the state programs based on the results of the study. The authors proposemethods for improving the financial system.

Support for small businesses amid COVID‐19

AbstractHow should the government support small and medium‐sized enterprises amid a pandemic crisis while balancing the trade‐off between short‐run stabilization and long‐run allocative efficiency? We develop a two‐sector equilibrium model featuring small businesses with private information on their likely future success and a screening contract. Businesses in the sector adversely affected by a pandemic can apply for government loans to stay afloat. A pro‐allocation government sets a harsh default sanction to deter entrepreneurs with poorer projects, thereby improving long‐run productivity at the cost of persistent unemployment, whereas a pro‐stabilization government sets a lenient default sanction. Interest rate effective lower bound leads to involuntary unemployment in the other open sector and shifts the optimal default sanction to a lenient stance. The rise in firm markups exerts the opposite effect. A high creative destruction wedge polarizes the government's hawkish and dovish stances, and optimal default sanction is more lenient, exacerbating resource misallocation. The model illuminates how credit guarantees might be structured in future crises.

The main directions of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation

The main directions of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation

Improvement of accounting and analytical support of small businesses in modern conditions

Improvement of accounting and analytical support of small businesses in modern conditions

State support and regulation of startup development: Russian and foreign experience

Subject. The article addresses modernization of the Russian economy, development of start-ups as significant elements of the national innovation system. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of State support for start-ups in Russia and foreign countries, identification of specific aspects of innovative projects financing. Methods. The study employs methods of comparative analysis. Results. We analyzed the current state of startup development in the leading countries of the world, the specifics, disadvantages and advantages of government programs of financial support for small innovative businesses. The paper identifies factors constraining the development of startups in Russia, offers measures to improve the State support to small innovative enterprises. Conclusions. The efficiency of State support for small and medium-sized businesses can be enhanced through flexible financial and organizational tools, as well as creation of a favorable innovation environment.

State support for small and medium-sized businesses of the Russian Federation to overcome the effects of sanction restrictions in 2022: Issues of application

Subject. This article discusses the development issues of small and medium-sized businesses in the context of large-scale sanctions against the Russian economy sectors, as well as individuals and legal entities. Objectives. The article aims to define the role of the government to strengthen and improve the Russian economy in the context of sanction restrictions and overcome the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. Methods. For the study, I used general scientific research methods. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the financial indicators of the development of small and medium-sized businesses for 2021–2022, the article presents a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of State support for small and medium-sized businesses in Russia in 2022. Conclusions. Prompt response to the imposition of new sanctions is required at the legislative level.