Supercritical CO2 Extraction Technology Research Articles

Integration of pharmacodynamics, metabolomics and network pharmacology to elucidate the effect of Prunella vulgaris seed oil in the treatment of hyperlipidemia

To investigate the lipid-lowering activity of PVSO (a natural oil derived from the mature seeds of Prunella vulgaris L.), supercritical CO2 extraction technology was used to extract, and the components were characterized using GC–MS/MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. The lipid-lowering activity of PVSO was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that the supercritical CO2 extraction rate of PVSO was 16.63 %, and the ratio of linolenic acid to linoleic acid was 3:1. In addition, PVSO also contains bioactive components such as phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, and squalene. In vitro experiments showed that PVSO has a strong inhibitory effect on porcine pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, and cholesterol micellization in a significant dose-dependent manner. In vivo experiments showed that PVSO (500 and 800 mg/kg) intervention markedly attenuated body-weight gain, liver weights, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress biomarkers, and dyslipidemia induced by HFD (p < 0.05). Serum metabolomics studies revealed that 29 endogenous metabolites were significantly altered by HFD and recovered following intervention with PVSO (p < 0.05). PVSO suppressed hyperlipidemia mainly by regulating oxidative stress, choline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism. Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis, 17 intersection targets, 21 GO and 6 KEGG pathways were obtained. Molecular docking showed that ACHE, CPT1A, HMGCR, LYPLA1, and PLD2 were the key targets of PVSO against hyperlipidemia. In summary, PVSO might be a potential active resource to prevent oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia.

Supercritical CO2 extraction, chemical composition, and antioxidant effects of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. oleoresin.

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. was used to extract oleoresin through supercritical CO2 extraction technology. The extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology, and the chemical composition of C. tinctoria Nutt. oleoresin (CTO) was analyzed. Under the optimal conditions, the antioxidant activity of oleoresin was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS˙+) free radical scavenging assays. The optimal extraction conditions were a 27.5 MPa extraction pressure, a 45°C extraction temperature, and a 3 h extraction time. Under these extraction conditions, oleoresin yield was up to 3.163%. Compared to steam distillation extraction, the CTO extracted using supercritical CO2 had more abundant components. The EC50 of CTO for DPPH˙ and ABTS˙+ free radical scavengers was 1.54 and 1.07 mg/mL, respectively.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Decellularized Xenograft-3D CAD/CAM Carved Bone Matrix Personalized for Human Bone Defect Repair.

About 30–50% of oral cancer patients require mandibulectomy and autologous fibula reconstruction. Autograft is the gold standard choice because of its histocompatibility; however, it requires additional surgery from the patient and with possible complications such as loss of fibula leading to calf weakening in the future. Allograft and xenograft are alternatives but are susceptible to immune response. Currently, no personalized bone xenografts are available in the market for large fascial bone defects. In addition, a large-sized complex shape bone graft cannot be produced directly from the raw material. We propose the use of porcine bones with 3D CAD/CAM carving to reconstruct a personalized, wide range and complex-shaped bone. We anticipate that patients can restore their native facial appearance after reconstruction surgery. Supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) technology was employed to remove the cells, fat and non-collagenous materials while maintaining a native collagen scaffold as a biomedical device for bone defects. We successfully developed 3D CAD/CAM carved bone matrices, followed by SCCO2 decellularization of those large-sized bones. A lock-and-key puzzle design was employed to fulfil a wide range of large and complex-shaped maxillofacial defects. To conclude, the 3D CAD/CAM carved bone matrices with lock and key puzzle Lego design were completely decellularized by SCCO2 extraction technology with intact natural collagen scaffold. In addition, the processed bone matrices were tested to show excellent cytocompatibility and mechanical stiffness. Thus, we can overcome the limitation of large size and complex shapes of xenograft availability. In addition, the 3D CAD/CAM carving process can provide personalized tailor-designed decellularized bone grafts for the native appearance for maxillofacial reconstruction surgery for oral cancer patients and trauma patients.

Application of supercritical CO2 extraction technology in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing

Application of supercritical CO2 extraction technology in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing

Study on the Chemical Constituents and Anti-Migraine Activity of Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium.

Background: Zanthoxylum schinifolium is a common herbal medicine in Southwest China. It is also a condiment commonly used in many families. In Chinese folk medicine, Z. schinifolium is considered to have the effect of relieving migraine, but there is no modern evidence on its anti-migraine mechanism. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical constituents of the supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of Z. schinifolium (CO2-ZSE) and its effects on migraine animals. Materials and Methods: Supercritical CO2 extraction technology was applied to extract the dried fruit of Z. schinifolium, and the chemical components were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two migraine animal models were established by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin (NTG) and reserpine, respectively, to further evaluate the therapeutic effect of CO2-ZSE and explore its mechanism. On the basis of the experimental results, the therapeutic effects of linalool in different dosages and different ways of administration on NTG-induced migraine rats have been further investigated. Results: About 125 peaks were detected in CO2-ZSE, and the relative content of linalool was 74.16%. CO2-ZSE decreased the number of head-scratching significantly and the levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα), and increased the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Linalool has the potential to reduce the frequency of scratching the head and the expressions of NO, ET-1, and CGRP in NTG-induced migraine rats. Conclusion: CO2-ZSE has a definite therapeutic effect on migraine by affecting the expression of vasomotor factors and the inflammatory pathway. Linalool has been proven to be the main effective substance against migraine. These findings provide scientific basis for the development of effective and simple migraine therapy.

Phase Equilibrium and Density of CO2 + Acetic Acid Systems from 308.15 to 338.15 K and 15 to 45 MPa.

Using a high-pressure phase equilibrium apparatus and vibrating-tube densimeter, phase transition pressures of CO2 (1) + acetic acid (2) binary systems with x2 = 0.000, 0.107, 0.163, 0.222, and 1.000 were measured under temperatures from 308.15 to 338.15 K. Besides, the densities at the same composition and temperature under pressure from 15 to 45 MPa were also detected, and the volumes of mixing (ΔVm) were calculated. Three prediction models (SRK EOS, PC-SAFT EOS, and TS model) were introduced to predict and correlate the density of binary systems, which was found to have positive relationships with temperature and acetic acid concentration and a negative relationship with pressure. Thereinto, the variation trend of CO2 density with pressure tends to be flat under high pressure, and which of acetic acid density increased linearly with pressure. ΔVm are negative, and their absolute value increases with the increase of temperature and the decrease of pressure. The work herein could provide a theoretical guide and basic data for supercritical CO2 extraction technology and CO2 application in oil field development.

Application of New Supercritical Extraction Technology in Extraction and Separation of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Supercritical CO2 extraction technology uses supercritical CO2 fluid as extractant to extract and separate effective components from plants from liquid or solid. At present, CO2 is widely used in supercritical fluid, with a critical temperature of 31.265 °C and a critical pressure of 7.18 MPa. The critical conditions are easy to reach. In supercritical state, the density of CO2 fluid is very sensitive to the changes of temperature and pressure, The widely used separation technologies can be divided into two types: membrane separation and traditional separation. The traditional separation methods can be divided into steam distillation, sublimation, cold soaking, precipitation, percolation, decocting method and Soxhlet extraction, etc. These separation methods have certain limitations. In this paper, SFE technology is combined with modern analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, etc., so that the component analysis can be carried out more efficiently and quickly. Because of the above advantages, SFE is especially beneficial to the extraction of effective components in traditional Chinese medicine and its preparations.

3D composite engineered using supercritical CO2 decellularized porcine cartilage scaffold, chondrocytes, and PRP: Role in articular cartilage regeneration.

At present, no definitive treatment for articular cartilage defects has been perfected. Most of the previous treatments involved multiple drilling and microfracture over defect sites with repair-related substances, which poses a limited therapeutic effect. End-stage therapy includes artificial knee joint replacement. In this study, we prepared a novel decellularized natural cartilage scaffold from porcine articular cartilage by supercritical CO2 extraction technology and three-dimensional (3D) composites made using decellularized porcine cartilage graft (dPCG) as scaffolds, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), thrombin as signals and chondrocytes as cells for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. In this study, in vitro and in vivo cartilage regeneration and the expression of chondrogenic markers were examined. Decellularized cartilage graft (dPCG) was evaluated for the extent of cell and DNA removal. Residual cartilage ECM structure was confirmed to be type II collagen by SDS PAGE and immunostaining. The new 3D composite with dPCG (100mg and 2×106 chondrocytes) scaffold promotes chondrogenic marker expression in vitro. We found that the in vivo 3D composite implanted cartilage defect showed significant regeneration relative to the blank and control implant. Immunohistochemical staining showed increase of expression including Collagen type II and aggrecan in 3D composite both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this study, the bioengineered 3D composite by combining dPCG scaffold, chondrocytes, and PRP facilitated the chondrogenic marker expression in both in vitro and in vivo models with accelerated cartilage regeneration. This might serve the purpose of clinical treatment of large focal articular cartilage defects in humans in the near future.

Extraction and Analysis of Flaxseed Oil by Supercritical CO2 Method Optimized by RSM and GC-MS

Flaxseed oil has already been widely used in food production in recent years as of its prominent biological functions. This study was aimed to obtain high-quality flaxseed oil and find the suitable extraction parameters, exploiting response surface methodology of a three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design. In this study, supercritical CO2 extraction technology was used to extract flaxseed oil. The chemical composition of flaxseed oil was investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. Results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 4.58 h, extraction temperature at 51°C, and extraction pressure at 31 MPa. Under these conditions, the highest extraction yield of flaxseed oil was 23.95%. 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid was indicated to be the highest content according to GC-MS analysis, with the content of 75.22%. In conclusion, supercritical CO2 extraction was proved to be an effective technique for extracting oil from flaxseed, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy provided the satisfactory method of analyzing flaxseed oil from flaxseed for industrial need.

Quality Characteristics of Wheat Germ Oil Obtained by Innovative Subcritical Butane Experimental Equipment

AbstractSubcritical butane extraction (SBE) was used to extract oil from wheat germ and was compared with conventional n‐hexane extraction (CHE) and supercritical CO2 extraction (SC‐CO2E) methods. By analyzing the extraction yield, composition of fatty acids and characteristic functional contents such as VE, phytosterols and phospholipids in wheat germ oil (WGO), the selective extraction characteristics of subcritical butane were evaluated. The results indicated that compared with SC‐CO2E and CHE, SBE had no significant difference in oil yield, fatty acid compositions, acid value and peroxide value of WGO. However, the content of phytosterols in the oil extracted by SBE (2,326 mg/100 g) was higher than that extracted by CHE (921 mg/100 g) or SC‐CO2E (1,381 mg/100 g). The VE content of WGO extracted by SBE (359 mg/100 g) was equivalent to that extracted by CHE (357 mg/100 g) and slightly less than that extracted by SC‐CO2E (374 mg/100 g). And the content of phospholipids in WGO extracted by SBE (12.41 mg/g) was lower than that extracted by CHE (17.78 mg/g). In conclusion, SBE was able to retain the bioactive compounds in WGO when compared with CHE.Practical ApplicationsWheat germ oil is a type of functional oil enriched with bioactive compounds that have great latent capacity for further exploitation. However, conventional extraction methods of edible oil lead to oil oxidation and degradation or loss of bioactive components after desolvation and refinement (Pradhan et al. 2010). In addition, due to the shortcomings of supercritical CO2 extraction technology such as costly equipment investment, low productivity and high cost of production, subcritical fluid extraction technology can be applied to industrial production owing to its use of low pressure and room temperature for extraction. The present study demonstrates that subcritical butane has better extracting power for bioactive compounds in wheat germ oil than conventional n‐hexane. Choosing subcritical butane extraction technology can help the fats and oils industry to improve the quality of high value‐added oil while lowering production costs.

Improved Jatropha Oil Separation by Entrainer-Aided Supercritical CO2 Extraction

With the aim of utilizing Jatropha oil as fuel for thermal power generation, we have developed a technique for the selective extraction of triglycerides from Jatropha seeds, which contain glycerides, free fatty acids, phosphorus, and water, using supercritical CO2 extraction. The effects of particle size, moisture content of Jatropha seeds, and entrainers, were examined. We found that using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as an entrainer led to reduce extraction times. Specifically, the extraction time was significantly decreased with the use of 7.5 wt% THF and a CO2 flow rate of 5.8 g/min. Supercritical CO2 extraction technology with the addition of THF represents an inexpensive selective extraction process from feedstocks containing oil.

Optimization and Composition of Volatile Oil from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill Druce) using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Purpose: To determine the effects of temperature, pressure and extraction time on oil yield obtained from Polygonatum odoratum as well as the optimum processing conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction.Methods: Supercritical CO2 extraction technology was adopted in this experiment to study the process of extraction of volatile oil from Polygonatum odoratum while gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique was employed to analyze the chemical composition of the volatile oil. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize supercritical CO2 process conditions.Results: The determined optimal conditions were as follows: extraction pressure, 27 MPa; extraction temperature, 50 °C; and extraction time, 97.10 min. Under these conditions, the predicted yield of Polygonatum volatile oil was 2.04 % as against an actual oil yield of 2.02 % of the seeds. GC-MS analysis showed that the extract obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction was richer in fatty acids and flavoring substances than that obtained by hydrodistillation.Conclusion: Using RSM can optimize conditions of Polygonatum volatile oil. This provides a scientific basis for further research and development of healthy foods, as well as comprehensive utilization of Polygonatum odoratum.Keywords: Polygonatum odoratum, Volatile oil, Supercritical fluid, Carbon dioxide, Extraction, Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer

Separation and Purification of Ganglioside from Sika Deer Antler

In this paper, a ganglioside was extracted using acetone from the lipid soluble fraction of sika deer antler which was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction technology. The crude ganglisode was purified using silica gel column chromatography, was identified using TLC and was characterized by employing IR. The biological activities show ganglioside has obvious inhibitory activities, and the pure one is rather good than the crude one.

Supercritical Extraction Technology in Tea Polysaccharide Extracting Application

The thesis analyses and compares the traditional tea polysaccharide extracting technology, goes on the experimental research of the supercritical extraction technology in tea polysaccharide extracting, and confirms the best technical parameters of the supercritical extraction in tea polysaccharide extracting.，at the condition of the grain size was 380um、20% anhydrous ethanol、extracting pressure 35Mpa、extracting temperature45°C、extracting time2h, the extraction rate of TPS could reach 92.5%.Compared with other methods, Supercritical CO2 extraction technology can keep tea polysaccharide activity better,and it has a good application prospect.

Process of Supercritical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Extraction and Improved Design of Extraction Equipment

Supercritical CO2 extraction technology was overviewed first in this paper. Then the processes of supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed. After the advantages and disadvantages of various processes were noted, the quick-opening sealing structures at home and abroad for the batch extractor were introduced in this paper. Finally for the thread type quick-opening sealing structure, improvements were made to solve the problems encountered in practical application of the traditional thread type quick-opening sealing structure.

Extraction of volatile oil from &lt;I&gt;Ocimum basilicum&lt;/I&gt; L.by supercritical CO&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt; and GC-MS analysis of the extract

The supercritical CO2 extraction technology was used to extract volatile oil from Ocimum basilicum L.The technical conditions affecting the extraction (pressure,temperature and time) were optimized by using orthogonal design,and the constituents of the volatile oil were studied by analyzingGC/MS.The results showed that the optimal conditions were,using 12 MPa of pressure,at 45 ℃ temperature and extracted for 2 h.Under this conditions,the extraction ratio was 0.761%.GC/MS analysis identified 30 compounds in the volatile oil.The main chemical component was terpenoids,which accounted for 96.64% of the total volatile oil.The relative content of the highest was linalool,containing 69.83%,followed by the (+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (6.73%) and 1,8-Cineole (5.01%).

Analysis of Impact on the Wafer Surface Performance of Supercritical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Extraction

The surface of the wafer is easy to be polluted by the organic pollution material. The supercritical fluid extraction technology works well in extracting organic pollution material. Whether the extraction process influences the surface performance of the wafer can be determined through the SEM(scanning electron microscope), AFM (atomic force microscope), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Compare the feature and the electronic structure of the wafer before and after supercritical CO2 extraction to get how supercritical CO2 extraction process influences the wafer surface performance. The conclusion helps to determine whether the extraction technology can be applied in the wafer surface cleaning technology. Tests show that supercritical CO2 extraction process almost does not influence the surface performance of the wafer, and, the supercritical CO2 extraction technology has a good prospect in the wafer cleaning.