Abstract
Supercritical CO2 extraction technology uses supercritical CO2 fluid as extractant to extract and separate effective components from plants from liquid or solid. At present, CO2 is widely used in supercritical fluid, with a critical temperature of 31.265 °C and a critical pressure of 7.18 MPa. The critical conditions are easy to reach. In supercritical state, the density of CO2 fluid is very sensitive to the changes of temperature and pressure, The widely used separation technologies can be divided into two types: membrane separation and traditional separation. The traditional separation methods can be divided into steam distillation, sublimation, cold soaking, precipitation, percolation, decocting method and Soxhlet extraction, etc. These separation methods have certain limitations. In this paper, SFE technology is combined with modern analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, etc., so that the component analysis can be carried out more efficiently and quickly. Because of the above advantages, SFE is especially beneficial to the extraction of effective components in traditional Chinese medicine and its preparations.
Highlights
Supercritical CO2 extraction technology is a method that uses CO2 fluid in supercritical state as extractant to extract and separate the effective components in plants from liquid or solid
The density of CO2 fluid is very sensitive to the change of temperature and pressure, and its dissolving capacity is proportional to pressure within a certain range, so the solubility of the extract can be changed by changing the temperature and pressure of the system, so that it can be separated, achieving the purpose of separation and extraction [2]
There are many kinds of natural plants in nature, which contain a variety of effective and complex chemical components. These components can be divided into organic acids, volatile oils, coumarins, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, sugars, plant pigments, etc. the extraction and separation technology of effective components in plants is based on the existing state, shape Solubility and other physical and chemical properties [3]
Summary
Supercritical CO2 extraction technology is a method that uses CO2 fluid in supercritical state as extractant to extract and separate the effective components in plants from liquid or solid. SFE technology can be combined with modern analytical technologies, such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, etc., so that component analysis can be carried out more efficiently and quickly [5] It is widely used in the extraction of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine such as volatile oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides and quinones [6]. Under the condition of near normal temperature, when the technology is used to extract and separate the effective components in traditional Chinese medicine, it will hardly destroy the effective components in the product; Third, the technology has good selectivity, and the density of supercritical CO2 can be changed by controlling pressure and temperature, so as to change its ability to dissolve substances, and extract some components of Chinese herbal medicine [9]. Due to the above advantages, SFE is conducive to the extraction of effective components in traditional Chinese medicine and its preparations [10]
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