Assessment of Wear rate and Coefficient of Friction of Al6262 WC/MoS2 under wet sliding condition

The applications of non ferrous alloys have been significantly increased due to its desirable substance properties. The material strength and hardness were depend on the nature of reinforcements were added to it. In this chapter was utilized to formulate the Copper Titanium (Cu-Ti) Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) has been reinforced with Tungsten Carbide (WC). The stir casting of material fabrication technique was considered. The tungsten carbide was the suitable reinforcement for Cu-Ti composite because of thermodynamic stable system of compound was attained. The mechanical, corrosion and wear behaviors have been discussed. The wear parameters have been optimized through Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The influential factor on wear rate was found and compared with the variance test.

Tungsten Carbide (WC) hard coating is widely used to coat the surface of the steel tools which provide tribological properties. In this paper, 0.25 wt% & 0.35 wt% of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) were mixed with tungsten carbide (WC) powders as the feedstock powders. Method of solution dispersion in ethanol media using an ultrasonic device was used for coating the surface of WC powders with CNT powder. The mixed powders were then used as the feedstock powder to coat onto the surface of tool steel using the flame spraying process. The coated surface microstructures were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used for the phase characterization and identification. The wear rate of coated steels was determined using the Ogoshi machine, and the Vickers hardness method used to measure their microhardness. The effects of CNT on the microstructure of the coated material and the surface mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the mixture powder preparation using an ultrasonic method in SDS solution and the ball-milling process was suitable to disperse the CNT on the surface of WC feed powders due to produce an adequate relationship between CNT' and WC powders increasing the surface mechanical properties of coatings. The wear resistance of the coated material produce using the mixture of WC powder with 0.35 wt% CNT increased around 50% higher than the WC coated steel without CNT addition. Also, the hardness of coating reinforced CNT increased significantly compared with the hardness of WC coated and the steel substrates. Microhardness value from the base metal to the WC-CNT coated steel increased from 550 HV to 1717 HV and also the wear rate from the base metal to the WC-CNT coated steel decreased from 0.86 mm3/min to 0.017 mm3/min. These results indicate that CNT is an excellent alternative to improve the surface mechanical properties of WC coatings.

Heat treatment and mechanical characterization of LM-25/tungsten carbide metal matrix composites

The electrochemical and microstructural response of metal matrix composites (MMCs) under different erosion-corrosion conditions is assessed in this paper. The MMCs are plasma transferred arc (PTA) overlays, produced by reinforcing two iron base and two nickel base hardfacing matrices with tungsten carbide (WC) particles. The microstructures are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereology techniques. The electrochemical response under erosion-corrosion conditions, assessed by in-situ potentiodynamic techniques, is analyzed as a function of sand content (10 and 50 g/l) and slurry temperature (20 and 65°C). The degradation mechanisms of the MMCs microstructural components are analyzed by SEM. The microstructural analysis showed that WC grains were partially dissolved in the molten matrix, promoting the formation of secondary phases in the matrix phase. The in-situ electrochemical results show that there is a correlation between the MMCs microstructural characteristics and their electrochemical response and that the nickel base MMC, shows significantly lower current density values at all sand content. On the other hand, the iron base MMC showed a fully active behavior at all erosion-corrosion conditions. Finally the erosion-corrosion tests in conjunction with post-test surface analysis demonstrates that as the sand content and temperature increases under erosion-corrosion conditions, every microstructural component is significantly affected and the corrosion of the matrix undermined the WC grains and the integrity of the secondary phases.

The research article addresses the reciprocating wear behaviour of hybrid AA7075 reinforced with boron carbide and boron nitride through a stir-casting technique. The experiment involved varying wt.% of the secondary particle boron carbide (3, 6 and 9) while boron nitride (3) was kept as constant. The hybrid composites were characterised using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness and tensile behaviour of the hybrid composites were evaluated. Reciprocating wear behaviour of the hybrid composites were examined using a tribometer by varying the wear parameters such as load and sliding distance. The results revealed that AA7075/6boron carbide/3boron nitride had better hardness, tensile and wear properties. The surface morphology of the wear samples was analysed using SEM.

This paper reports interactions between corrosion and solid particles erosion in slurry conditions. The materials tested in this investigation are intended to be used as hardfacing protective overlays in critical areas of the hydrotransport process in the oilsands industry, where erosion-corrosion can dramatically reduce the pumping and piping equipment lifetime. The materials under investigation were: two Ni-based and one Fe-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) with tungsten carbide (WC) as the reinforcing phase. The microstructure of the overlays was analyzed and mainly comprised a matrix phase with the presence of embedded intermetallics and the WC reinforcing phase grains. The corrosion behavior is assessed as a function of temperature, the Ni-based MMCs showed a pseudo-passive behavior at low temperature; however at high temperature their corrosion resistance was dramatically reduced. In contrast, the Fe-based MMC showed active corrosion behavior. The erosion- corrosion degradation mechanisms were assessed as a function of sand loading and aqueous environment. It was found that the presence of intermetallics in the matrix phase and around the WC grains played an important role in the erosion-corrosion performance of the MMCs overlays. At low sand loading and high temperature, the corrosion behavior of the MMCs dramatically affected their erosion-corrosion performance, whereas at high solid loading and low solution corrosivity, the microstructural features and matrix microhardness of the overlays determined their erosion-corrosion performance.

In the present investigation, wear behaviour of hybrid composites based on aluminum alloy (Al-6063 series) with SiC and RE (Rare Earth) mixture CeO2 and La2O3 as reinforcement was examined. For this purpose, the hybrid composite samples were fabricated using stir casting route by varying weight percentages of 1, 2, 3 wt% of RE (CeO2 + La2O3) mixture and 3, 6, 9 wt% of SiC powder. Dispersion of the reinforced particles was studied with x-ray diffraction, electron back scattered diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Mechanical properties such as micro-hardness, ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation of the prepared hybrid composites samples were measured at room temperature. The results revealed that a certain amount of rare earth content (2 wt%) could enhance the ultimate tensile strength, micro-hardness and percentage elongation of the Al-6063 aluminium alloy. At the end, the sliding wear tests were performed on hybrid composites with highest value of hardness and base alloy. The load range was varied from 10 to 30N, whereas sliding velocity from 0.5 to 2 m s−1. It is observed that 2 wt% RE alloy composite reinforced with 6 wt% of SiC exhibits 89.40% improvement in wear rate as compared to the base alloy. It is also observed that the composite without RE and reinforced with 6 wt% of SiC exhibits only 42% of improvement in wear rate as compared to base alloy. The reason of improvement in the wear rate was found due to the formation of the Al11RE3 intermetallic phase. Abrasion, oxidation and delamination were identified as prevailing wear mechanism at a load of 10N with 0.5 m s−1 sliding velocity. At the load of 20 N and 30N with 1 m s−1 and 2 m s−1 sliding velocities, the hybrid composite surface experienced delamination and plastic deformation wear.

Study on microstructure and abrasive behaviors of inconel 718-WC composite coating fabricated by laser directed energy deposition

Synergy effect of ultrafine tungsten, silicon carbides, and graphite microadditives on the Fe-based MMCs properties using the simplex lattice design

This study evaluates the sliding wear behavior of hybrid composites made of epoxy reinforced with alternating layers of flax fiber mats and steel wire mesh. The aim is to enhance the wear resistance of flax fiber‐epoxy composites by incorporating steel wire mesh. Specifically, three composite types are produced by varying their stacking sequences using the simple hand layup technique. Dry sliding wear tests are performed on a pin‐on‐disc test rig under different conditions according to ASTM G99 standard. Taguchi analysis is performed using an L25 orthogonal array and it reveals that sliding velocity is the most critical factor, followed by normal load, in affecting the wear rate of the steel‐flax‐epoxy hybrid composite. Subsequently, a steady‐state wear analysis shows that sliding velocity and normal load increase the specific wear rate (SWR), while steel reinforcement decreases it. ANOVA results indicate that sliding velocity significantly impacts wear rates to the extent of 69.47% for flax‐epoxy composite and more than 70% for flax‐steel‐epoxy composites. Additionally, electron microscopy is used to study the worn surfaces of the composites to determine the wear mechanisms.Highlights Successful fabrication of flax‐steel wire mesh reinforced hybrid composites. Wear behavior of multi‐layer composites with different stacking sequence. Use of statistical technique for the prediction of wear rate. Wear mechanisms are identified using electron microscopy.

The corrosion and erosion-corrosion (EC) processes of four metal-matrix composites (MMCs) in a simulated cooling water environment have been assessed in this article. The MMCs consisted of two Ni-base and two Fe-base matrices alloyed with different concentrations of chromium, molybdenum, boron, silicon, and carbon; the matrices were reinforced with tungsten carbide (WC) particles. The corrosion behavior has been investigated using a combination of potentiostatic polarization and post-tests surface analysis. The EC processes were studied by in situ electrochemical techniques measuring the current density and corrosion potential response at different slurry temperatures and sand content. At static conditions it was found that as the temperature increased, there was a transition from a homogeneous corrosion of the matrix to an interfacial corrosion mechanism. The Ni-base MMCs showed a better corrosion resistance and interestingly a highly alloyed matrix did not significantly improved MMC’s corrosion resistance. In the in situ EC tests, the Fe-base MMCs showed a constant increase in the current density at all sand contents. Whereas, significant changes were not observed in the Ni-base MMCs below 0.5 g/L. Although sand content had an effect on the monitored current density (the current increased as the sand content increased) this effect was less pronounced above 3 g/L.

Microstructure and Mechanical properties of As-cast Al7075-Tungsten carbide metal matrix composites

Composite material is made from two or more materials with different physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material with superior characteristics. These materials are anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials. It is having unique properties in which the strength-to-weight ratio is high. Basically there are three types of composite materials. They are polymer-matrix composites, metal-matrix composites and ceramic-matrix composites. They are widely used in numerous engineering applications. These materials are widely used in variety of markets, including aerospace, architecture, automotive, energy, infrastructure, marine, military, sports and recreation. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) consists of at least two constituents, one being a metal necessarily, the other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic compound. Hardness is a measure of resistance to localized plastic deformation induced by either mechanical indentation or abrasion. Wear is the damaging, gradual removal or deformation of material at solid surfaces. In this research paper the hardness and wear behaviour of aluminium composites (Al6061) reinforced with Tungsten Carbide (WC) was investigated. The results revealed that, the hardness of composite increases with increase in the percentage of tungsten carbide particles. The wear resistance of the composite also increases with increase in tungsten carbide particle weight fraction.

Ablation properties of carbon/carbon composites with tungsten carbide

Enhancing the wear and high-temperature oxidation behavior of NiCrBSi coatings by collaboratively adding WC and Cr3C2