Sulfur Nitrogen Compounds Research Articles

A Comparative Study of the HDS Kinetics of Straight Run and Coker Gas Oils Under Deep Desulfurization Conditions

Deep desulfurization of diesel blending streams has gained considerable importance in the petroleum refining industry in recent years due to environmental regulations which limit the sulfur content of diesel fuel to very low levels. Among the various factors influencing deep desulfurization of diesel to lower and lower sulfur levels, the quality of the feedstock plays an important role. In the present work, the degree of desulfurization of two different feedstocks, namely, coker gas oil (CGO) and straight run gas oil (SRGO) and their blends was investigated under different operating severities. The distributions of different types of sulfur compounds in both feeds were examined by GC-SCD. Kinetics of desulfurization of both feeds under deep desulfurization conditions was also studied. The results revealed that SRGO, in spite of having a significantly larger amount of total sulfur, desulfurized more easily and produced diesel fuel with low sulfur levels in the desired range (< 350 ppm) at lower temperatures compared with CGO. More severe operating conditions (higher temperature, lower LHSV etc.) were found necessary to bring about deep desulfurization of CGO and its blends with SRGO to the same sulfur level. Kinetic experiments showed a reaction order of 1.5 for the overall HDS of both types of feeds, but the activation energy was higher for CGO (30 kcal/mole) than SRGO (24 kcal/mole). The results are explained on the basis of the differences in the concentrations of nitrogen and refractory sulfur compounds present in the two feeds.

Outdoor air pollution and lung cancer: recent epidemiologic evidence.

Outdoor air pollution and lung cancer: recent epidemiologic evidence.

Molecular complexes of octafluoronaphthalene with acyclic and heterocyclic sulfur–nitrogen compounds

Mismatched molecular 1:1 complexes were prepared from C 10F 8 and sulfur diimides ArNSNAr 1 and ArNSN–SiMe 3 2, 3 ( 1, 2: Ar=2,6–dimethylphenyl; 3: Ar=phenyl). In the case of 2, the complexation is accompanied by the unexpected cyclization of 2 into 7-methyl-2,1-benzisothiazole 4. The X-ray molecular structures of C 10F 8· 1, C 10F 8· 3 and C 10F 8 are presented; in C 10F 8· 4 the 7-methyl-2,1-benzisothiazole 4 is highly disordered. The complexes provide very rare examples of markedly bent (C 10F 8· 1), polyheteroatom (C 10F 8· 3) and heterocyclic (C 10F 8· 4) molecules involved in non-covalent arene-polyfluoroarene π-stacking interactions.

FORECAST OF FUTURE ACIDIC DEPOSITIONS USING AN ANALYSIS TOOL OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT (TRAJEC)

A tool for forecasting future acidic depositions in Japan was developed. This tool (the TRAJEC: TRAns-sea of Japan and East China sea system) projects the future regional energy supply, calculates the emission levels of sulfur dioxides (SO2) and nitrogen compounds, and estimates the geographical pattern of acidic deposition resulting from these emissions. Future acidic depositions in Japan were forecast using the TRAJEC. Sulfur deposition through 2030 was calculated from the source-receptor matrix for 1995 and the growth rate of emissions for the source subregion. In the case of the current legislation (CLE) scenario, anthropogenic SO2 emissions in East Asia would grow by 34% and sulfur deposition in Japan would increase 16% between 1995 and 2030. This increase of sulfur deposition over these 35 years is slightly less than the contribution of volcanic emissions to overall sulfur deposition in Japan. In the case of the hypothetical worst-case scenario for China, sulfur deposition in several site, facing the Sea of Japan would double by 2030. In the case of the CLE scenario, nitrogen oxides emissions in East Asia would grow approximately 50% and nitrogen deposition in Japan would increase approximately 30%.

Simultaneous Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Removal by Calcium Hydroxide and Calcium Silicate Solids

ABSTRACT At conditions typical of a bag filter exposed to a coal-fired flue gas that has been adiabatically cooled with water, calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate solids were exposed to a dilute, humidified gas stream of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in a packed-bed reactor. A prior study found that NO2 reacted readily with surface water of alkaline and non-alkaline solids to produce nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide (NO). With SO2 present in the gas stream, NO2 also reacted with S(IV), a product of SO2 removal, on the exterior of an alkaline solid. The oxidation of S(IV) to S(VI) by oxygen reduced the availability of S(IV) and lowered removal of NO2. Subsequent acidification of the sorbent by the removal of NO2 and SO2 facilitated the production of NO. However, the conversion of nitrous acid to sulfur-nitrogen compounds reduced NO production and enhanced SO2 removal. A reactor model based on empirical and semi-empirical rate expressions predicted rates of SO2 removal, NO2 removal, and NO production by calcium silicate solids. Rate expressions from the reactor model were inserted into a second program, which predicted the removal of SO2 and NOx by a continuous process, such as the collection of alkaline solids in a baghouse. The continuous process model, depending upon inlet conditions, predicted 30-40% removal for NO and 50-90% removal for SO2. These x 2 results are relevant to dry scrubbing technology for combined SO2 and NOx removal that first oxidizes NO to NO2 by the addition of methanol into the flue duct.

Nitrogen and oxygen photochemistry following SL9

The collision of SL9 with Jupiter caused many new molecular species to be deposited in the Jovian stratosphere. We use a photochemical model to follow the evolution of the impact‐derived species. Our results regarding the nitrogen and oxygen compounds are presented here. NH3 photolysis initiates the nitrogen photochemistry. Much of the nitrogen ends up in N2, nitrogen‐sulfur compounds, and HCN, but NH3 and nitriles such as C2H3CN may also exist in observable quantities a year or so after the impacts. Oxygen species survive for a long time in the Jovian stratosphere. The only major oxygen‐containing compounds that exhibit dramatic changes in the lower stratosphere in the first year following the impacts are SO, SO2, and OCS — H2O, CO2, and CO are comparatively stable. We discuss the important photochemical processes operating on the nitrogen and oxygen species in the Jovian stratosphere, make predictions concerning the temporal variation of the major species, and identify molecules that might act as good tracers for atmospheric dynamics.

An XPS study of nitrogen-sulfur compounds

An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study has been conducted on a series of nitrogen-sulfur compounds to characterize the charge shifts on the nitrogen and sulfur atoms in the molecules. In all of the compounds, the sulfur was found to have a 1s binding energy equivalent to a formal charge of +6. The nitrogen 1s binding energies varied in a systematic manner that reflected the change in oxidation state. The XPS results have been used to provide insight into the formation of these compounds in two reaction systems.

95/00938 Regeneration of flue gas desulfurization waste liquors: Precipitation and hydrolysis of nitrogen-sulfur compounds

95/00938 Regeneration of flue gas desulfurization waste liquors: Precipitation and hydrolysis of nitrogen-sulfur compounds

Regeneration of Flue Gas Desulfurization Waste Liquors: Precipitation and Hydrolysis of Nitrogen-Sulfur Compounds

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegeneration of Flue Gas Desulfurization Waste Liquors: Precipitation and Hydrolysis of Nitrogen-Sulfur CompoundsTaeg M. Kwon and Alan D. RandolphCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 4, 942–949Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00028a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Cyclic sulfur nitrogen compounds and phosphorus reagents: Part XII. Reactions of S4N4 with (2‐pyridylamino) phosphines [1

AbstractTetrasulfurtetranitride, S4N4 reacts with (2‐pyridylamino)‐diphenylphosphine in MeCN at room temperature to form the cyclotrithiazene (NC5H4NH)‐Ph2PNS3N3 (1) in good yield. By contrast, the cyclophosphathiazenes Ph2PS2N3 (2) and 1,5(Ph2P)2S2N4 (3) are isolated from the same reaction mixture under reflux conditions. In solution, compound 1 is found to be transformed into 2. The reaction of S4N4 with (2‐pyridylamino)phenyl(dicyclohexylamino)phosphine in MeCN at room temperature affords Ph(DCA)PS2N3 (4) (DCA = dicylohexylamino) as the only reaction product. This on treatment with norbornadiene produces the addition product Ph(DCA)PS2N3·C7H8 ( 5 ).The structure of 4 has been established by X‐ray diffraction. Its PSN ring adopts a skew boat conformation with SN bond lengths varying from 1.574(4) to 1.606(4) Å. The mean value of the endocyclic PN bonds amounts to 1.618(3) Å.

A linear relationship between the sulfur-nitrogen bond enthalpy term and bond length and an assessment of the reliability of empirical length-strength relationships in the estimation of thermochemical properties of sulfur-nitrogen compounds

Determination of themodynamic properties of S 4 N 4 H 4 , S 4 N 4 , S 4 N 2 , SN . , S 2 N + , SN + .

Solubility of the potassium salts of nitrogen-sulfur compounds in aqueous solution

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of the potassium salts of nitrogen-sulfur compounds in aqueous solutionDavid Littlejohn and Shih Ger ChangCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 10, 2350–2352Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00058a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (368 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Modeling of the chemistry of wet limestone flue gas desulfurization systems

The chemistry of wet limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems is complicated by the interaction of dissolved SO 2 and dissolved nitrogen ocides. A substantial number of nitrogen-sulfur compounds can be formed from the reactions of sulfite and bisulfite ions with nitrogen oxyanions. A computer model is used to simulate the kinetics and to determine the effect of scrubber operating conditions on the production of nitrogen-sulfur compounds. With increasingly stringent regulations covering solid and liquid waste disposal, it is important to minimize undesirable byproducts in FGD systems. The modeling is also used to study the effect of scrubber conditions on the production of N 2 O (nitrous oxide). Emission of N 2 O into the atmosphere is undesirable because it has both significant ozone depletion potential and global warming potential

Nitrogen-14 nuclear magnetic resonance studies on sulphur–nitrogen compounds

The 14N n.m.r. spectra of a variety of sulphur–nitrogen heterocycles and metal–sulphur–nitrogen complexes have been recorded and the observed shifts correlated with bonding type. The utility of 14N n.m.r. spectroscopy as a mechanistic tool in sulphur–nitrogen chemistry is illustrated for reactions in liquid ammonia.

ChemInform Abstract: Reactions with NH‐Functional Sulfur Nitrogen Compounds.

AbstractDerivatives of N‐functional sulfinimide amides are available by substitution (e.g.

ChemInform Abstract: Small Reactive Sulfur‐Nitrogen Compounds and Their Transition Metal Complexes

ChemInformVolume 20, Issue 4 Reviews ChemInform Abstract: Small Reactive Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds and Their Transition Metal Complexes M. HERBERHOLD, M. HERBERHOLD Lab. Anorg. Chem., Univ. Bayreuth, D-8580 BayreuthSearch for more papers by this author M. HERBERHOLD, M. HERBERHOLD Lab. Anorg. Chem., Univ. Bayreuth, D-8580 BayreuthSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 24, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198904327Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume20, Issue4January 24, 1989 RelatedInformation

New metal–sulphur–nitrogen compounds from reactions in liquid ammonia. The X-ray structures of trans-bis(acetophenone dimethylhydrazone-Nα)dichloropalladium(II) and [di(azathien)-1-yl-S1N4][2-(hydrazonoethyl)phenyl]palladium(II)

Reaction of [S4N3]Cl or [S3N2Cl]Cl in liquid ammonia with [PtCl2(PR3)2] or [(L–L′)PdCl2Pd(L–L′)](L–L′= C–N ligand) gives [Pt(S2N2)(PR3)2] and [Pd(S2N2H)(L–L′)] respectively; in some cases complexes containing S3N– ligands were also obtained. An alternative route to [Pd(S3N)(L–L′)] complexes using [HgPh(S7N)] is also reported. Reaction of S8–NH3(I) solutions with [PtCl2(PR3)2] gives [PtS4(PR3)2]. The new complexes were characterised by microanalyses, i.r., n.m.r., and mass spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.

ChemInform Abstract: Metal Sulfur Nitrogen Compounds. Part 22. S4N3Cl as a Starting Compound for the Preparation of Complexes Containing the S3N‐ Ligand. Complexes (Ph6P2N) (Cu3(S3N)2(CN)2) and (Ph4As) ((CuS3N)2(CN)).

AbstractThe title compounds (V) and (VII) are prepared as shown.

ChemInform Abstract: Identification of the Main Sulfur Nitrogen Compounds in Sulfur Ammonia Solutions

Abstractis achieved by comparison of the UV‐VIS absorption spectra of a solution of sulfur in ammonia and of synthesized sulfur nitrogen compounds in ammonia.

Identification of the main Sulfur Nitrogen Compounds in sulfur ammonia solutions

AbstractBy comparison of the UV‐VIS absorption spectra of solutions of sulfur and of synthesized sulfur nitrogen compounds in ammonia and by comparison of their light induced changes we conclude that S7NH, S4NH and S3NH are besides polysulfides H2Sx the Main compounds in sulfur ammonia solutions. The equilibria between the species are shifted reversibly by photoinduced reactions and permanently by Ag2S precipitation (with AgNO3). As the only and final product on Ag2S precipitation S3N3H is identified which by oxidation forms S4N4.