Sulfur Derivatives Research Articles

Mechanical grinding of FeNC nanomaterial with Fe3O4 to construct magnetic adsorbents for desulfurization

Herein, a series of 3D nitrogen doped porous carbon nanomaterials (FeNC) at different pyrolysis temperature were prepared, followed by a mechanical grinding method to construct magnetically nanocomposite (FeNC/Fe3O4) which was demonstrated for the desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oils. The FeNC derived from the pyrolysis of iron salt and nitrogen-doped carbon precursors possess abundant porous structure, which is highly active in the physical adsorption of aromatic sulfur derivatives. Impressively, the as-prepared FeNC-700 are evidenced to yield an excellent desulfurization efficiency (95.1% for 200 ppmw), a remarkable estimated adsorption capacity (25.08 mg S/g for 200 ppmw), and a high selectivity for DBT. Theoretical calculation revealed that the adsorption behaviors towards DBT followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, displays a better fitting coefficient based on Langmuir isotherm equation. The thermodynamics results indicate that adsorption process over FeNC-700 was spontaneous and exothermic reaction since ΔG, ΔH, ΔS, all shows negative signs. Subsequently, the FeNC-700 was mechanically mixed with 20 nm Fe3O4 to produce magnetically nanocomposite (FeNC-700/Fe3O4) for the adsorption of DBT in a simple separation process by external field and can be regenerated five runs without significant weight loss. Therefore, this strategy greatly simplifies the experimental procedure and favors the regeneration of the adsorbents.

Production of hydroprocessed renewable diesel from Jatropha oil and evaluation of its properties

Alternative fuel research is primarily motivated by the expeditious depletion in fossil fuel supplies and the need to fulfill rigorous emission regulations, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emission for modern diesel engines. Hydroprocessed (or Hydrogenated) renewable diesel (HRD) is seen takes the one’s place with possible option for replacement of fuels for Diesel engines in the hunt for a substitute to fossils based petroleum diesel from diverse sustainable feedstocks such as vegetable oils from non-edible seeds, animal fats or algae oil. Because when we compare cetane number for HRD and petro diesel, it is higher for HRD than the other, which is seen as a probable drop in alternate fuels for compression ignition engines. During production of renewable diesel Hydro-deoxygenation is done first with the help of a catalyst and hydrogen gas, which may be used to upgrade bio-oil instead of hydro-desulfurization (removing of sulphur derivatives from the crude vegetable oil). A sulfided Nickel Molybdenum (NiMo) or Cobalt Molybdenum (CoMo) catalyst based on gamma alumina is utilised as a reference catalyst for HDO in the generation of renewable diesel and is used as a standard catalyst for a hydro-desulfurization process in refineries. Jatropha oil may be thoroughly transformed into paraffins in the diesel range at a pressure of 40 to 90 bar. The obtained product includes gases and different products therefore, it is then transferred for fractional distillation which gets separated at different boiling temperatures. The Physicochemical properties of a hydroprocessed renewable paraffinic fuel were assessed and compared to Biodiesel and traditional petro diesel. The major properties of hydroprocessed renewable diesel like cetane number, flash point and pour point were higher compared that of petroleum diesel, whereas kinematic viscosity and thermal stability was almost similar for both HRD and diesel.

Reversible Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Rapid Sensing Sulfur Dioxide and Formaldehyde: Recognition and Photoactivation Mechanism and Applications in Bioimaging and Encryption Ink.

A novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent Probe 1 was successfully developed for the reversible detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives and formaldehyde. The purple solution of Probe 1 faded to colorless in 1.8 s with the addition of HSO3-. Meanwhile, its fluorescence signal disappeared instantaneously with a 39 nM detection limit. The probe exhibited excellent selectivity toward HSO3- over other potential interfering agents. Then, its absorption and fluorescence bands were able to effectively recover in response to formaldehyde. Remarkably, this reverse process was able to accelerate 84 times under UV light in 122 s and achieved a recovery rate of 98% by UV light, the photoactivation mechanism was fully determined by HRMS and theoretical calculation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Probe 1 was successfully applied for the detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives and formaldehyde in living cells and data encryption.

Pyrite textural, trace elemental and sulfur isotope signatures of the Badu gold deposit, Youjiang basin (SW China): Implications for ore-fluid source and Au precipitation mechanism

The Badu Au deposit in the central Youjiang basin (SW China) is hosted by Devonian-Permian siltstone and Permian diabase. Gold at Badu occurs mainly as structurally bound Au+ in the disseminated pyrite. Based on textural and chemical analyses, the disseminated pyrite can be further divided into three generations (Py1, Py2, Py3a, and Py3b). Py1 corresponds to the porous pyrite core in the altered siltstone, featured by high mean contents of Cu (138 ppm), Zn (73.3 ppm), Co (351 ppm), Ni (1,861 ppm), and Se (33.7 ppm). It has negative δ34S values (mostly −21.64 to −19.1 ‰), indicating sulfur derivation by bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) during sedimentation and diagenesis. Py2 is the pyrite core developed in the altered diabase, with pores filled by sericite. Compared to Py1, Py2 has higher mean contents of Au (1.46 ppm) and As (7,955 ppm), and has near-zero δ34S values (mostly −2.22 to + 4.74 ‰), which is consistent with previous HO isotope studies of fluid inclusions in quartz (δ18O H2O = +9.0 to + 11.2 ‰, δD = −83 to −55 ‰) and Sr isotope study of apatite (87Sr/86Sr = 0.709489 to 0.711787), indicating that Py2 was likely formed by a metamorphic fluid during the early ore hydrothermal stage. Py3a rims around Py1 and has high Au (up to 40.4 ppm) and As (up to 37,518 ppm) contents, with δ34S values (mean + 16.58 ‰) similar to the sedimentary host rocks, indicating a dominantly basinal fluid for the siltstone-hosted ore formation at Badu. Py3b overgrows on Py2, and has also high Au (up to 227 ppm) and As (up to 93,201 ppm) contents, with mean δ34S value of + 12.74 ‰. The increasing δ34S values from Py2 to Py3b indicate a basinal fluid input (44–70 %) in the diabase. At Badu, siltstone-hosted Au-rich arsenian pyrite was precipitated by the sulfidation of Fe-carbonates, whereas diabase-hosted Au-rich arsenian pyrite was precipitated by the sulfidation of clinopyroxene and ilmenite.

An imidazo[1,5-α]pyridines-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for sensing sulfur dioxide derivatives in real samples based on a FRET mechanism

A novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based ratiometric emission fluorescent probe AT was designed and developed in which the imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine was served as a FRET donor and tricyanofuran (TCF) as the FRET acceptor to detect SO32-/HSO3- based on the Michael addition reaction. Probe AT had a high energy transfer efficiency (95%) and a large pseudo-Stokes shift (259 nm) in EtOH/PBS buffer (5/5, v/v). It also possessed good selectivity and quick response to SO32-/HSO3-. There was good linearity between the ratio of fluorescence intensity (F499/F645) and the concentrations of SO32-/HSO3- in the ranges of 1.5–7.5 μM and 9–20 μM, with calculated detection limits (LOD) of 55 nM. In addition, the probe could also detect the concentrations of SO32-/HSO3- in real samples such as environmental water and sugar, allowing the probe to be used in a variety of applications.

Metal-Free C-S Bond Formation in Elemental Sulfur and Cyclobutanol Derivatives: The Synthesis of Substituted Thiophenes.

A general approach for the metal-free synthesis of thiophenes by tert-cyclobutanols and elemental sulfur has been developed. This protocol provides a strategy for constructing multisubstituted thiophene derivatives via C-S bond formation under air. This reaction shows good functionality tolerance under the reaction conditions, and the mechanism is validated by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.

BF3 Mediated [1,5]‐Hydride Shift Triggered Cyclization: Thioethers Join the Game

Abstract2‐(2‐(Benzylthio)benzylidene)malonates can undergo the 1,5‐hydride shift triggered cyclization resulting in thiachromanes in 45–84 % yield. Boron trifluoride as a reaction promotor is the key to success. DFT calculations revealed that the reaction proceeds via a chelate BF2 complex, which was confirmed by NMR‐analysis. Experimental and theoretical comparison of nitrogen, sulfur and carbon analogues revealed that sulfur derivatives have the highest activation barrier for the hydride transfer due to the unfavorable transition state geometry, which explains the lack of previous reports on 1,5‐hydride shifts in (alkylthio)styrenes.

Sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits in orogenic belts: An example from the giant Jiagantan gold deposit in the West Qinling orogen, China

Sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits in orogenic belts share many similarities to both epizonal orogenic and Carlin-type gold deposits, leading to a lot of difficulties in their genetic classification. The giant Jiagantan gold deposit was newly discovered in the West Qinling orogen, central China, and was selected to provide a better understanding of this issue. Gold mineralization at Jiagantan is hosted within sandstone and silty slate, and the gold is intimately associated to disseminated pyrite and arsenopyrite. Three generations of pyrite (Py0, Py1, and Py2) and two generations of arsenopyrite (Apy1 and Apy2) are recognized and used to perform in situ textural, chemical, and sulfur isotopic analyses.The diagenetic Py0 is framboidal and porous, and contains elevated concentrations of As, Sb, Co, Ni, Cu, Ti, and V. The early mineralization stage Py1 and Apy1 are disseminated within sandstone and silty slate, and have the highest average Au concentrations of 7.7 ppm and 12.6 ppm, respectively. The intermediate mineralization stage Py2 and Apy2 are hosted by quartz veins and veinlets, coexisting with stibnite, chalcopyrite, and minor amounts of other sulfides. Gold mineralization mainly took place during the early mineralization stage. Microscopic observations and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) output graphs confirm the majority of gold may reside in the crystallographic structures of Py1 and Apy1.The diagenetic Py0 grains show negative δ34S values of −25.2 to −20.1‰, implying the derivation of sulfur by bacterial reduction of marine sulfate. The hydrothermal Py1, Py2, Apy1, and Apy2 have higher but still negative δ34S values ranging from −16.4 to −5.0‰, suggesting an origin of sulfur from metamorphism of the underlying Devonian sedimentary rocks.The Jiagantan gold deposit can best be classified as an epizonal orogenic gold deposit owing to the possible metamorphic origin of Au, As, S, and other associated elements. The source of ore-forming materials is the key to discriminating orogenic gold deposits from Carlin-type gold deposits, while the type of host rocks, the style of mineralization, and the occurrence state of gold may not be the effective indicators.

A quinoline-coumarin near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives

Sulfur dioxide derivatives (HSO3− and SO32−) play an important role in food preservative, antibacterial, antioxidant and other aspects, so it is urgent for us to develop more efficient detection methods to broaden their application in biochemical research and related disease diagnosis. Fluorescent probes are of particular interest because of their simplicity and high temporal and spatial resolution. Herein, we constructed a new near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe, CQC, composed of coumarin fluorophore and quinoline fluorophore, for detecting SO2 derivatives. The near-infrared emission probe CQC with a large Stokes shift (260 nm) not only kept the distance between the two emission peaks large enough (165 nm), but also had a particularly high energy transfer efficiency (99.5%), and was particularly sensitive to the detection of HSO3−/SO32− (LOD: 0.1 μM). The powerful probe CQC succeeded in real-time visualizing endogenous HSO3−/SO32− in living cells.

In-depth exploration and comparison of chemical constituents from two Lilium species through offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography combined with multimode acquisition of high-resolution mass spectrometry

Lilium lancifolium and Lilium brownii viridulum were two common cultivars of Lilium in China, which have been used as a source of food in ancient China, and as a traditional herbal medicine in most northern hemispheres countries continues today. However, only a few secondary metabolites in Lilium closely related to human health have been reported. In this research, an offline two-dimensional (HILIC and RP C18) separation system combined with multimode high-resolution mass spectrometry data acquisition was established for in-depth exploration and comparison of the chemical components in Lilium. In total, 331 components were identified, among which phenylpropanoid derivatives and steroidal saponins were the most abundant components. Furthermore, sulfur derivatives and steroidal alkaloids were systematically characterized in Lilium for the first time. These results provided valuable information for in-depth differentiating types of components characterization, which may be applied to assess and improve the edible and medicinal values of Lilium.

Sodium Fluoride and Sulfur Dioxide Derivatives Induce TGF-β1-Mediated NBCe1 Downregulation Causing Acid-Base Disorder of LS8 Cells.

The aim of the present work was to assess whether the combination of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sulfur dioxide derivatives (SO2 derivatives) affects the expression of the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 (SLC4A4), triggering an acid-base imbalance during enamel development, leading to enamel damage. LS8 cells was taken as the research objects and fluorescent probes, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and factorial analysis were used to clarify the nature of the fluoro-sulfur interaction and the potential signaling pathway involved in the regulation of NBCe1. The results showed that exposure to fluoride or SO2 derivatives resulted in an acid-base imbalance, and these changes were accompanied by inhibited expression of NBCe1 and TGF-β1; these effects were more significant after fluoride exposure as compared to exposure to SO2 derivatives. Interestingly, in most cases, the toxic effects during combined exposure were significantly reduced compared to the effects observed with fluoride or sulfur dioxide derivatives alone. The results also indicated that activation of TGF-β1 signaling significantly upregulated the expression of NBCe1, and this effect was suppressed after the Smad, ERK, and JNK signals were blocked. Furthermore, fluoride and SO2 derivative-dependent NBCe1 regulation was found to require TGF-β1. In conclusion, this study indicates that the combined effect of fluorine and sulfur on LS8 cells is mainly antagonistic. TGF-β1 may regulate NBCe1 and may participate in the occurrence of dental fluorosis through the classic TGF-β1/Smad pathway and the unconventional ERK and JNK pathways.

Purely Organic Emitters for Multiresonant Thermally Activated Delay Fluorescence: Design of Highly Efficient Sulfur and Selenium Derivatives

Purely Organic Emitters for Multiresonant Thermally Activated Delay Fluorescence: Design of Highly Efficient Sulfur and Selenium Derivatives

A novel fluorescent probe based on triphenylamine for detecting sulfur dioxide derivatives

According to the nucleophilicity of sulfur dioxide derivatives, a reactive fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized by linking triphenylamine with benzoindole.

Boron, silicon, nitrogen and sulfur-based contemporary precursors for the generation of alkyl radicals by single electron transfer and their synthetic utilization.

Recent developments in the use of boron, silicon, nitrogen and sulfur derivatives in single-electron transfer reactions for the generation of alkyl radicals are described. Photoredox catalyzed, electrochemistry promoted or thermally-induced oxidative and reductive processes are discussed highlighting their synthetic scope and discussing their mechanistic pathways.

Bay-Dissymmetrical hetero- and Aza-Benzannulated PeryleneDiimides as new n-type semiconductors

AzaBenzannulated PeryleneDiimides (AzaBPDIs) and their nitrogen, sulphur and seleniumbay-functionalized derivatives are introduced herein as a new class of n-type semiconductors.

A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe for the detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives and its application in biological imaging

HBQI can effectively detect HSO3− and has good photostability, selectivity and anti-interference ability. The reaction was completed in about 1 min.

A novel fluorescent probe for the detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives and its application in biological imaging

A new probe CA-SO2 to efficiently and specifically detect SO2 was designed. The probe showed a fast response time (<50 s), low detection limit (LOD = 75 nM), large Stokes shift (129 nm) and was applied to detect SO2 in living cells and zebrafish.

Sequential detection of hypochlorous acid and sulfur dioxide derivatives by a red-emitting fluorescent probe and bioimaging applications in vitro and in vivo.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sulfur dioxide derivatives (SO32−/HSO3−) play critical roles in complex signal transduction and oxidation pathways. Therefore, it is meaningful and valuable to detect both HOCl and SO2 derivatives in biosystems by a fluorescence imaging assay. In this work, we developed a red-emitting fluorescent probe (DP) by the condensation of malononitrile and phenothiazine derivatives through a C Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 ]]> C double bond. DP was designed with a donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) structure, which enables absorption and emission in the long wavelength region. In the presence of HOCl, specific oxidation of the thioether of phenothiazine in DP to a sulfoxide derivative (DPO) occurs, resulting in a hypochromic shift (572 nm to 482 nm) of the absorption spectra and “OFF–ON” response of the maximum emission at 608 nm. After the activation of the CC double bond by oxidation, DPO reacts specifically with SO32−/HSO3−via a 1,4-nucleophilic addition reaction leading to a decrease in the intensity of the absorption and emission spectra, which enabled the realization of sequential detection of HOCl and SO32−/HSO3− by a single fluorescent probe. The detection limits of DP for HOCl and SO32−/HSO3− were calculated to be 81.3 nM and 70.8 nM/65.1 nm, respectively. The results of fluorescence microscopic imaging indicated that DP shows potential for the detection of intracellular HOCl and SO32−/HSO3−. Using adult zebrafish and nude mice as live animal models, DP was successfully used for the fluorescence imaging of HOCl and SO32−/HSO3−in vivo.

A Molecular Docking Studies of a Few of Derivatives of Nitro Ketene Dithiols , Decalin-β-keto Ester Enolate and Furo Pyrazole Derivatives for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common and often mortal bacterial infectious disease caused by constrains pathogens (Mycobacterium). The present study is about the in silico drug screening of 75 (Nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen-containing) derivatives of Nitroketen dithiol, decalin-β- keto ester enolate, and Furo pyrazole to control the viral growth by blocking the active site of Tuberculosis protein 1L9U. After docking 75 ligand molecules, three hits were selected based on the binding affinities. Lipinski’s rule, the hydrogen bonding, and drug-likeness were also investigated for their potentiality as suitable drug candidates. The present analysis identifies three derivatives of nitro ketene dithiol, which can be used as a potentially better drug candidate to the commercial drug Rifampicin, which is used for the treatment of Tuberculosis. These three compounds have better binding and drug properties with a simple structure; it is of interest to consider them for further in-vitro and in vivo evaluation to declare them as better drug candidates for TB.

The First Selenoanhydride in the Series of Chlorophyll a Derivatives, Its Stability and Photoinduced Cytotoxicity.

In this work, we obtained the first selenium-containing chlorin with a chalcogen atom in exlocycle E. It was shown that the spectral properties were preserved in the target compound and the stability increased at two different pH values, in comparison with the starting purpurin-18. The derivatives have sufficiently high fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields. The photoinduced cytotoxicity of sulfur- and selenium-anhydrides of chlorin p6 studied for the first time in vitro on the S37 cell line was found to be two times higher that of purpurin-18 and purpurinimide studied previously. Moreover, the dark cytotoxicity increased four-fold in comparison with the latter compounds. Apparently, the increase in the dark cytotoxicity is due to the interaction of the pigments studied with sulfur- and selenium-containing endogenous intracellular compounds. Intracellular distributions of thioanhydride and selenoanhydride chlorin p6 in S37 cells were shown in cytoplasm by diffusion distribution. The intracellular concentration of the sulfur derivative turned out to be higher and, as a consequence, its photoinduced cytotoxicity was higher as well.