Suicidal Tendencies Research Articles

Structural Brain Alterations in Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of three clusters of personality disorders characterized by a pattern of difficulty regulating emotion, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. Emotional dysregulation, impulsive aggression, repetitive self-injury, and chronic suicidal tendencies make these individuals frequent users of mental health services. BPD has a variety of causes and involves several factors which interact in various ways with each other. Emotional dysregulation and impulsivity can be caused by genetic factors and traumatic childhood experiences and lead to dysfunctional behaviors, psychosocial conflicts, and deficits that may exacerbate emotional dysregulation and impulsivity. BPD has been linked to anatomical alterations in brain areas in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, and frontolimbic network. These brain changes can lead to the manifestation of the inability to control behavior, feelings, and interpersonal relationships, which often leads to violence. These symptoms may begin at a young age or in early adulthood and tend to continue as the individual ages. The goal of this article is to review how structural changes in the brain can cause BPD. KEYWORDS Borderline personality disorder, MRI in BPD, BPD patients, personality disorders, structural imaging BPD, neurobiology BPD

Linking Career Anxiety with Suicide Tendencies among University Undergraduates

Background: Suicide is increasingly becoming a worldwide public health issue. The issue of suicide in universities is one of the most pressing concerns in Nigeria and the world. Yet, it has not been clear the factors that account for increased suicide among university students. This study investigated the link between career anxiety and suicidal tendencies among university undergraduates. Methods: The study was cross-sectional correlational and used a sample of 3,501 undergraduates in Nigeria. Career anxiety was measured using the two-factor career anxiety scale (CAS -2). At the same time, suicide tendencies were weighed using the Multi-attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (MAST), and Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scales (SIDAS). Results: Data collected were analyzed using percentages to interpret demographic data. Mean and standard deviation was presented for descriptive purposes. Linear regression was used to explore the links between career anxiety and suicidal tendencies at p < 0.05 level of significance. Results indicated that a high level of career anxiety was significantly correlated with increased suicidal tendencies, such as repulsion for life, attraction to death, and suicidal ideation. A low level of career anxiety was associated with decreased suicidal tendencies, characterized by an increased attitude toward attraction to life and repulsion to death. Conclusion: It was concluded that students with problematic career anxiety are likely to report a negative attitude toward life, which leads to increased suicidal ideation. Accordingly, career anxiety may cause one to seriously consider or contemplate suicide.

Factors Affecting Depression And Suicidal Tendency Among The Students For The Educational Process: A Study On Sylhet, Bangladesh.

The study wants to assess the factors that affect depression and suicidal tendencies among the students of Shahjalal University of science and technology and MC College, Sylhet. For collecting data and questionnaire method was followed. The researcher selected 50 samples from both of these institutions. In this study, a mixed research approach has been followed. The study disclosed that among the respondents, 90% had an idea about depression, and 90% got depression once in their lifetime. They suffered from major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, etc. and suffered from bipolar disorder. Depression has an adverse effect on student's academic life. Besides, 72% said that they need more consciousness about their depression. The study also revealed that 8% are also addicted to different drugs and alcohol. The study further revealed that 64% thought that the severity of depression could lead someone to commit suicide and 28% said that they thought about suicide during their depression period. The study also recommended that one should pass their time doing activities that can help reduce stress. In their leisure time, they can gossip with their friends, and sharing their feeling with good friends can be another solution to anxiety. The study further added that if they failed, they might commit suicide at a severe level of their depression.

Common Mental Disorders in Smart City Settings and Use of Multimodal Medical Sensor Fusion to Detect Them

Cities have undergone numerous permanent transformations at times of severe disruption. The Lisbon earthquake of 1755, for example, sparked the development of seismic construction rules. In 1848, when cholera spread through London, the first health law in the United Kingdom was passed. The Chicago fire of 1871 led to stricter building rules, which led to taller skyscrapers that were less likely to catch fire. Along similar lines, the COVID-19 epidemic may have a lasting effect, having pushed the global shift towards greener, more digital, and more inclusive cities. The pandemic highlighted the significance of smart/remote healthcare. Specifically, the elderly delayed seeking medical help for fear of contracting the infection. As a result, remote medical services were seen as a key way to keep healthcare services running smoothly. When it comes to both human and environmental health, cities play a critical role. By concentrating people and resources in a single location, the urban environment generates both health risks and opportunities to improve health. In this manuscript, we have identified the most common mental disorders and their prevalence rates in cities. We have also identified the factors that contribute to the development of mental health issues in urban spaces. Through careful analysis, we have found that multimodal feature fusion is the best method for measuring and analysing multiple signal types in real time. However, when utilizing multimodal signals, the most important issue is how we might combine them; this is an area of burgeoning research interest. To this end, we have highlighted ways to combine multimodal features for detecting and predicting mental issues such as anxiety, mood state recognition, suicidal tendencies, and substance abuse.

Linking Career Anxiety with Suicide Tendencies among University Undergraduates

Background: Suicide is increasingly becoming a worldwide public health issue. The issue of suicide in universities is one of the most pressing concerns in Nigeria and the world. Yet, it has not been clear the factors that account for increased suicide among university students. This study investigated the link between career anxiety and suicidal tendencies among university undergraduates. Methods: The study was cross-sectional correlational and used a sample of 3,501 undergraduates in Nigeria. Career anxiety was measured using the two-factor career anxiety scale (CAS -2). At the same time, suicide tendencies were weighed using the Multi-attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (MAST), and Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scales (SIDAS). Results: Data collected were analyzed using percentages to interpret demographic data. Mean and standard deviation was presented for descriptive purposes. Linear regression was used to explore the links between career anxiety and suicidal tendencies at p < 0.05 level of significance. Results indicated that a high level of career anxiety was significantly correlated with increased suicidal tendencies, such as repulsion for life, attraction to death, and suicidal ideation. A low level of career anxiety was associated with decreased suicidal tendencies, characterized by an increased attitude toward attraction to life and repulsion to death. Conclusion: It was concluded that students with problematic career anxiety are likely to report a negative attitude toward life, which leads to increased suicidal ideation. Accordingly, career anxiety may cause one to seriously consider or contemplate suicide.

Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the health professionals (COMET-HP) study: depression, suicidal tendencies and conspiracism.

The current study aimed to investigate the rates of anxiety, clinical depression, and suicidality and their changes in health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. The data came from the larger COMET-G study. The study sample includes 12,792 health professionals from 40 countries (62.40% women aged 39.76 ± 11.70; 36.81% men aged 35.91 ± 11.00 and 0.78% non-binary gender aged 35.15 ± 13.03). Distress and clinical depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm, respectively. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses, and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables. Clinical depression was detected in 13.16% with male doctors and 'non-binary genders' having the lowest rates (7.89 and 5.88% respectively) and 'non-binary gender' nurses and administrative staff had the highest (37.50%); distress was present in 15.19%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics, and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (24.64% vs. 9.62%; p < 0.0001). Suicidal tendencies were at least doubled in terms of RASS scores. Approximately one-third of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop clinical depression was associated with a history of Bipolar disorder (RR = 4.23). The current study reported findings in health care professionals similar in magnitude and quality to those reported earlier in the general population although rates of clinical depression, suicidal tendencies, and adherence to conspiracy theories were much lower. However, the general model of factors interplay seems to be the same and this could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable.

Reasons for and Methods of Self-Harm: the Results of an Online Survey

Background: the subjective experience of self-harm emerges as an important source of knowledge about the motives of this behavior and as the basis for understanding the dynamics of transitioning from non-suicidal self-injuries to suicide attempts.The objective: to describe and systematize methods and subjective reasons for self-harm on the basis of qualitative data yielded by a survey in online communities.Participants and method: the respondents were recruited from online communities focusing on psychological or non-psychological issues. The sample (n = 664, aged 17–35) included 563 (84.4%) women and 101 (15.2%) men. The study utilized a survey developed by the authors.Results: methods of inicting deliberate self-harm were grouped into three clusters: 1) local self-harm (n = 385) included non-suicidal self-injuries; 2) global self-harm (n = 18) united self-destructive practices aimed at the body on the whole (poisoning, deprivation, drug and alcohol abuse, etc.); 3) local and global self-harm cluster (n = 109) included respondents with both types of self-harm. Local self-harm cluster included more young participants; participants with both local and global self-harm were older and reported mental health problems more often. The analysis of reasons for self-harm yielded 9 topics: 1) emotional experiences; 2) emotion regulation; 3) pain; 4) self-alienation; 5) negative self-image; 6) interpersonal rejection; 7) suicidal tendencies; 8) self-harm urges; 9) age. The topics were closely related; the central topics were the ones related to emotional experiences and their regulation through physical pain.Conclusion: individual developmental pathways to self-harm can be associated with intolerance of intense mental pain, inability to endure one’s own negative emotions; negative self-image and high dissatisfaction with oneself; feeling alienated from the others, perceived disregard and rejection; and psychopathological symptoms.

The influence of problem drinking persons on the quality of life of their surroundings depending on gender and age

IntroductionThe social consequences of alcohol affect not only drinkers, but also the people communicate with him. They are including: mental health, quality of life, health, living conditions and needs in using health system resources.Objectives1,531 people were examined, who belonged to three qualitatively different comparison groups: patients with alcohol addiction (329 people); healthy relatives of patients with alcohol addiction (238 persons) and representatives of the general population (964 persons).Methodsclinical, clinical and psychopathological, methods of quantified scales and mathematical statistics.ResultsThe data obtained indicate that the majority of respondents who caused some harm to the respondents were men. But the level of harm of alcohol abuse of women was significantly higher. Alcohol abuse problems of microsocial environment (substance abuse, employment, financial problems, and health effects) had a more significant effect on depressive disorders in the control group than in the alcohol addiction group and their relatives. Significant correlation of depressive disorders due to the drunkenness of others was associated with fear for children, the possibility of aggression. Depressive disorders in the group relatives of patients with alcohol addiction correlated with aggression towards them with patients with alcohol addiction or persons in a state of alcohol intoxication, discomfort due to being with their relatives in public, at parties, inability to control alcohol use. It was shown that the presence of drinkers in the company of women significantly increases the specific weight of people with depressive disorders among them, while such an effect was not found among male respondents. It has been established that in the case of the presence of drinkers in the environment, the expressiveness of such manifestations of depression as insomnia increases the most in women; weight loss, sexual disorders; suicidal tendencies and feelings of guilt. The influence of presence of drinkers in the environment of children on tfrequency of manifestations of their discomfort is described. It has been confirmed that the most frequent cause of children’s ill health is their drinking parents, as well as other (besides parents and siblings) drinking relatives. It was found that in healthy respondents, the unfavorable features of the behavior of relatives and close drinkers are always directly correlated with indicators of the ill health of children in their environment, while in respondents addicted to alcohol, these correlations have a complex, mosaic nature.ConclusionsThe study found the prevalence of depressive disorders in the microsocial environment of drinkers. A significant decrease in the quality of life was noted primarily in children and women who had drinking relatives with a large number of drunk days.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Will Affective Computing Emerge From Foundation Models and General Artificial Intelligence? A First Evaluation of ChatGPT

ChatGPT has shown the potential of emerging general artificial intelligence capabilities, as it has demonstrated competent performance across many natural language processing tasks. In this work, we evaluate the capabilities of ChatGPT to perform text classification on three affective computing problems, namely, big-five personality prediction, sentiment analysis, and suicide tendency detection. We utilize three baselines, a robust language model (RoBERTa-base), a legacy word model with pretrained embeddings (Word2Vec), and a simple bag-of-words (BoW) baseline. Results show that the RoBERTa model trained for a specific downstream task generally has a superior performance. On the other hand, ChatGPT provides decent results and is relatively comparable to the Word2Vec and BoW baselines. ChatGPT further shows robustness against noisy data, where the Word2Vec model achieves worse results due to noise. Results indicate that ChatGPT is a good generalist model that is capable of achieving good results across various problems without any specialized training; however, it is not as good as a specialized model for a downstream task.

Diagnostic and psychopharmacotherapy in the general practictioner practice

IntroductionDue to the often long-standing and extensive doctor-patient relationship, family doctors have special access to the mental state of their patients. They are often the first point of contact, and consequently the treatment of depression often begins in the GP’s practice or even takes place entirely there. This requires dedicated knowledge on the part of the general practitioner, especially with regard to diagnostic criteria and treatment.Objectives The aim of this article is to describe the basic diagnostic process for the general practitioner’s practice, to give advice on the indication and implementation of psychopharmacological interventions, and to present the results. This overview summarises the most relevant connections to the diagnosis, assessment of the severity and psychopharmacotherapy of depression in general practice.MethodsThe following therapy algorithms and remarks are essentially based on the treatment recommendations of the Swiss Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (SGPP) and the Swiss Society for Anxiety and Depression (SGAD) as well as the German S3 guideline of the German Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Neurology (DGPPN).Results Family doctors play a central role in the treatment of depressive disorders. They are often the first point of contact for patients with depression and in about 40 percent of cases even the only contact point. The likelihood of developing a depressive episode in the course of a lifetime is 10 to 15 percent globally. Evaluations by the World Health Organisation WHO show that 9 to 23 percent of people with chronic illnesses have depression as a concomitant illness. A cross-sectional epidemiological study in Germany showed that 60 percent of patients in general medical care were not treated with antidepressants and/or psychotherapy in accordance with guidelines. In Switzerland, about half of the antidepressants are currently prescribed by general practitioners. Image 1 shows a detailled overview (in German) of the current medication.Image:ConclusionsSpecialists in general internal medicine have a central role in recognition and treatment of depressive syndromes. Somatic causes can be ruled out by means of physical examination, laboratory and ECG/EEG/imaging. Mild and moderate depressive episodes can be treated by psychoeducation, counselling and medication. If the symptoms are mild, psychosocial support or psychotherapy alone can be considered. If acute suicidal tendencies or psychotic symptoms are identified, emergency symptoms, emergency admission to a psychiatric hospital should be considered.The presence of other psychiatric comorbidities, resistance to therapy or complex psychiatric medication necessitate referral to outpatient specialists. Metabolic and cardiovascular side effects and interactions between psychopharmacological and internal medicine must be considered.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

A qualitative investigation of stressful life events and mental health disorders: The views of patients and caregivers in Bangladesh.

Mounting mental health disorders among students has become a significant challenge in producing quality graduates with bright minds. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the underlying causes of students' mental health-related problems and their experiences while living with mental health disorders. This study investigates the causes and exposures of mental health problems among university students in Bangladesh. For this purpose, a qualitative method was used, and an unstructured in-depth interview schedule was used to collect data from students and caregivers. The students were selected from Khulna University, and data were collected in two consecutive months, i.e., November and December 2021. Using a convenient sampling technique, eight (8) students with mental health issues and five (5) caregivers were interviewed to obtain the necessary data. The findings showed that the intertwined social circumstances led to mental health problems among university students. The students experienced deep depression following a breakup of their romantic affairs/relationships. The prolonged isolation or social distancing due to the government-imposed strict lockdown during the COVID-19 also produced frustration regarding the possible loss of both academic and professional careers. Furthermore, the growing academic pressure in a form of an unfamiliar approach to teaching and learning-online education-also compelled students to complain about depression and suicidal tendencies as parts of their experiences. This study recommends that the government and policymakers prioritize mental health issues in educational institutions, and they should enforce specific strategies, such as introducing age-specific mental health services and student counseling at educational institutions to reduce growing mental health issues. Furthermore, a positive approach from the family and community is also required to battle against mental health disorders. Besides, nationally representative empirical research is recommended to comprehend the growing mental health issues among students in the 21st century to figure out solutions for the present and the future.

Psychological Stress and Suicidal Tendency of College Students During the COVID-19 Epidemic

With the development of society and the changes of the times, college students are often faced with increasing psychological pressure from different aspects. Since the outbreak of the new crown epidemic in late 2019, the psychological pressure on college students has become more severe and more diverse. When psychological pressure reaches a certain level, it often leads to a suicidal tendency among college students. Therefore, psychological pressure is an important indicator for measuring the healthy growth of college students. In order to more accurately understand the source of psychological stress of college students and find ways to improve their tendency to use positive coping methods in the face of psychological stress, this article expounds on the potential relationship between psychological stress and the suicidal tendency of college students and studies the impact of the new crown epidemic Under the background, the changes in the degree of psychological stress of college students provide a reference value for the development of college mental health education.

The Effect of Self-Discrepancies on Emotions and Life Satisfaction

Objective The objective of this study is to look at the effect of self-discrepancies on emotions and life satisfaction. Design Questionnaire administration and results analysis design. Method 111 male and 170 female subjects completed a collection of questionnaires in order to examine the effect of different self-guides (actual undesired congruent self, actual ideal discrepant-self and actual ought discrepant-self self), on the specific emotions of anger, sadness, enjoyment and life satisfaction, and to examine the relationship between self-consciousness, self-monitoring and emotions. Results Those people whose actual selves are discrepant from their ought selves are vulnerable to anxiety and related disorders. Those people whose actual selves are discrepant from their ideal selves are vulnerable to depression, dejection and related disorders. Finally, those whose actual selves are congruent with their undesirable selves are vulnerable to hopelessness, self-destructive and suicidal tendencies. Conclusions The relationship between the four components of the self and the importance of achieving a balance between these four components will have a significant bearing on what is going on inside our skin. It will determine whether you are prone to symptoms such as anxiety, depression, despair, suicidal ideation and hopelessness or whether you are stable, rational and sound in judgment and thinking. Reducing your undesirable characteristics on the one hand and striving to reach your ideal self on the other will gradually improve our actual self.

Borderline Personality Disorder Patients With Suicidal Tendencies: A Case Study

A personality disorder known as borderline personality disorder (BPD) tend to have negative effects on individuals who have it. Negative emotional symptoms, poor impulse control/impulsivity, unstable interpersonal relationship patterns, and high suicidal tendencies are characteristics of BPD. Based on the findings of the assessment that was conducted, this study aims to describe the psychological dynamics of BPD patients who are at risk of suicide. The participant is a female with BPD who is 23 years old. A case study approach is used in the qualitative research method to more thoroughly document individual conditions. The process of gathering data involved observation, interviews, and administering psychological tests, including the BAUM, DAP, and HTP graphic tests, the DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) and the recording of daily activities in journals. The study's findings demonstrated that the participants had significant personality traits, such as unstable emotional states, high impulsivity, dependence on others, and suicidal thoughts followed by attempts. Due to the interaction of biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors, there is a high risk of suicide. This is influenced by the past experiences, specifically the separation of the participants' parents when they were young, lack of support from significant others and environmental stressors. Each of these elements portrays a more complete picture of the person's psychological dynamics.

Investigating the Relationship Between General health and Depression in the Elderly Living in Urban and Rural Areas of Zanjan city in 2019

Introduction: Many physiological problems and issues may threaten the general health of the elderly. On the other hand, the prevalence of mental disorders and depression increases in the elderly. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between general health and depression in the elderly.&#x0D; methods: The current study was a descriptive-correlational cross-sectional study that was conducted on 420 elderly people living in urban and rural areas of Zanjan city in 2019. The statistical sample was selected by random-cluster sampling method. The research tools were demographic information questionnaire, Goldberg and Hiller general health questionnaire and depression questionnaire in the elderly. Spssv25 software was used to analyze the results at a significance level of 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The results showed a direct and significant relationship between marital status and depression in the elderly (P=0.017); The component of impairment in social functioning had a negative and significant relationship, and other components of general health (physical symptoms, symptoms of anxiety and insomnia, symptoms of depression and suicidal tendencies) showed a positive and statistically significant relationship with depression in the elderly. (P ≥ 0.001)&#x0D; Conclusion: improving the social relations of the elderly and creating suitable employment for their age, such as movement activities in the form of teamwork and group work, is effective in preventing frustration and depression as well as maintaining their independence.

Prohibition of euthanasia as a duty to live

In this article, we consider the problem of euthanasia as a form of realization of the human right to die. The historical aspects of euthanasia are discussed along with its legal aspects. Thus, modern Russian legislation bans implementation of euthanasia by medical workers under the threat of criminal punishment. An analysis of government policies on human euthanasia was conducted, including in countries where this procedure is legalized. The results show that euthanasia is applied within strict limits, in accordance with the established order. Euthanasia was found to have no effect on mortality and suicide tendencies. In addition, the authors propose an approach to the multi-stage practical implementation of euthanasia, which is carried out by independent and disinterested specialists. At each stage, a large number of interrelated procedures is performed, each of which confirms the validity of the previous step. The patient must make a voluntary euthanasia decision based on comprehensive information about his or her health. In turn, the government should provide an alternative to euthanasia in the form of palliative care. In conclusion, the need to enshrine the principles, conditions, and mechanisms of euthanasia in Russian legislation is substantiated, which would ensure the human right to die with dignity.

SCREENING COLLEGE STUDENTS FOR BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER USING DYSMORPHIC CONCERN QUESTIONNAIRE: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY COMPARING PUBLIC SECTOR MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Background and Objectives: Body Dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by preoccupation with an imagined flaw in appearance or slight defect in one's body. It is a disabling obsessive- compulsive spectrum disorder often goes unrecognized in clinical practice and found to be associated with social anxiety, distress and suicidal tendency. The aim of this study was to screen public sector college students for body dysmorphic disorder using a validated dysmorphic concern questionnaire® through an online survey and describing family, peers and media influences in relation to its occurrence.&#x0D; Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken in two public sector medical colleges (Lahore and Sialkot) and one public sector general education college (Sialkot) during November 2019 to June 2022. Overall, 378 students completed a validated 7-items Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ)® online. Participants provided responses on a 4-point scale. They also responded to questions regarding social pressures and media influencing the dysmorphic concern. A BDD score was computed as per method described by Mancuso et al. and participants with score more than 14 were labelled as having BDD. Association between family, peers and media influences with BDD score was analyzed using logistic regression technique in SPSS version 25.®&#x0D; Results: Of 378 participants, 251 (66%) were medical students and 127 (34%) were general education students. About 1.3% medical students and 5.0 % non-medical students were classified having potential body dysmorphic disorder respectively. Adjusted odds ratio comparing medical and non-medical students for BDD is 4.4 (95% CI: 1.2-15.9; p=0.02) with higher odds of BDD observed for those aged 18-20 years (OR=3.3) and in females (OR=1.1, 95% CI=0.4-2.8; p=0.83).&#x0D; Conclusion: BDD is comparatively frequent in non-medical female students aged 18-20 years. Family and peer pressure alongside the influences from social, print and electronic media had considerable effect on non- medical students comparatively and may contribute the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder.

Ritodrine-induced rhabdomyolysis and psychiatric symptoms: a case report and literature review

BackgroundRitodrine hydrochloride, a β2-adrenergic agonist, has been widely used in Asia and Europe to treat preterm labor in pregnant women. It has some typical side effects, such as palpitations, pulmonary edema, and hypokalemia. Here, we report a case of rhabdomyolysis and psychiatric symptoms might be associated with intravenous ritodrine.Case presentationA 32-year-old Chinese primigravida woman who was pregnant with twins by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer was diagnosed with placenta previa and threatened abortion at 21 gestational weeks (GW). The patient was then treated with ritodrine hydrochloride. The initial dose of ritodrine was 150 μg/min, gradually increasing to 360 μg/min at 235/7 GW and 400 μg/min at 271/7 GW. Magnesium sulfate was added to the ritodrine regimen at 215/7 GW in dosage of 1-2 g/h. Psychiatric symptoms appeared at 245/7, 265/7, and 273/7 GW, manifesting as depression, anxiety, and suicidal tendencies. Severe muscle pain in her limbs and general weakness appeared after six weeks of ritodrine administration, which might have been a sign of rhabdomyolysis resulting from ritodrine administration. After ceasing the administration of ritodrine, the muscle pain and relevant data from laboratory tests on the patient were significantly improved, and her mood was stable. It is worth noting that this is the first time to report psychiatric symptoms may associated with the administration of ritodrine. In addition, we reviewed and analyzed six reported cases of rhabdomyolysis caused by ritodrine.ConclusionOur results suggest that we should pay more attention to the risk of rhabdomyolysis and psychiatric symptoms induced by intravenous ritodrine hydrochloride, especially in patients with a history of neuromuscular disorder, or concomitant use of magnesium sulfate.

Correlation between variants of the CREB1 and GRM7 genes and risk of depression

The pathogenesis of depression involves cAMP-response element binding protein1 (CREB1) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (GRM7), and their genetic polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the CREB1 polymorphisms rs2253206 and rs10932201 and the GRM7 polymorphism rs162209 are associated with the risk of depression. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing, we analyzed the rs2253206, rs10932201, and rs162209 frequencies in 479 patients with depression and 329 normal controls. The results showed that the rs2253206 and rs10932201 polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of depression. However, no association was found between rs162209 and depression risk. When the data were stratified for several disease-related variables, none of the three polymorphisms were found to be correlated to onset, disease severity, family history, or suicidal tendency. Thus, the present findings indicate that the CREB1 polymorphisms rs2253206 and rs10932201 may be related to the occurrence of depression.

A Study of Early Life Experiences, Temperament, Character, and Psychological Pain in Suicide Attempters and Normal Individuals

Background: Studies conducted in different countries have reported a relationship between suicidal tendencies and childhood trauma experiences, personality traits, and psychological pain. It would be valuable to re-examine such a relationship in Iranian culture. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate early life experiences, temperament, character, and psychological pain in suicidal attempters and normal individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional, causal-comparative, basic research was conducted retrospectively on all individuals who had attempted suicide by drug poisoning and were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran. The study sample, consisting of 121 suicide attempters by drug poisoning and 121 healthy individuals (companions of suicide attempters), was selected by purposeful sampling, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants completed the questionnaires about early life experiences, temperament, character, and mental pain. A discriminant analysis was also performed to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 26. Results: Based on the simultaneous discriminant analysis, 4 predicting variables (early life experiences, temperament, character, and psychological pain components) could explain 91.7% of the variance in suicide attempts. Based on the stepwise discriminant analysis, six subscales predicting variables (emptiness/worthlessness, harm avoidance, persistence, worthlessness, cooperation, and self-transcendence) could explain 91.7% of the variance in suicide attempts, as shown in the discriminant function analysis for differentiation of suicide attempters from normal people. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, emptiness/worthlessness, personality traits, and early traumatic experiences can predispose individuals to suicide attempts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for psychological interventions to reduce psychological pain in suicidal attempters.