Suicidal Tendencies Research Articles

Insights into the Neurobiology of Suicidality: Explicating the role of glutamatergic systems through the lens of ketamine.

Suicidality is a prevalent mental health condition, and managing suicidal patients is one of the most challenging tasks for healthcare professionals due to the lack of rapid-acting, effective psychopharmacological treatment options. According to the literature, suicide has neurobiological underpinnings that are not fully understood, and current treatments for suicidal tendencies have considerable limitations. To treat suicidality and prevent suicide, new treatments are required; to achieve this, the neurobiological processes underlying suicidal behaviour must be thoroughly investigated. Although multiple neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonergic systems, have been studied in the past, less has been reported in relation to disruptions in glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis that result from stress-related abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system. Informed by the literature which reports robust anti-suicidal and anti-depressive properties of subanaesthetic doses of ketamine, this review aims to provide an examination of the neurobiology of suicidality (and relevant mood disorders) with implications of pertinent animal, clinical and post-mortem studies. We discuss dysfunctions in the glutamatergic system, which may play a role in the neuropathology of suicidality and the role of ketamine in restoring synaptic connectivity at the molecular levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Exploring New Mechanism of Depression from the Effects of Virus on Nerve Cells.

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with long-term recurrent depressed mood, pain and despair, pessimism and anxiety, and even suicidal tendencies as the main symptoms. Depression usually induces or aggravates the development of other related diseases, such as sleep disorders and endocrine disorders. In today's society, the incidence of depression is increasing worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex and generally believed to be related to genetic, psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Current studies have shown the key role of glial cells in the development of depression, and it is noteworthy that some recent evidence suggests that the development of depression may be closely related to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, BoDV-1, ZIKV, HIV, and HHV6, which infect the organism and cause some degree of glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. This can affect the transmission of related proteins, neurotransmitters, and cytokines, which in turn leads to neuroinflammation and depression. Based on the close relationship between viruses and depression, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the new mechanism of virus-induced depression, which is expected to provide a new perspective on the mechanism of depression and a new idea for the diagnosis of depression in the future.

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge of teacher regarding prevention of suicidal tendency in higher secondary school children at Indore. (M.P)

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge of teacher regarding prevention of suicidal tendency in higher secondary school children at Indore. (M.P)

Practice of anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an established therapeutic method for the treatment of severe mental disorders refractory to pharmaco- and psychotherapy. ECT is a first-line treatment option in delusional disorders, severe depression with acute suicidal tendency or life-threatening catatonia. Usually, ECT is performed as a treatment series. Under short-term anaesthesia and muscle relaxation, tonic-clonic seizures are induced using an external stimulation electrode. Convulsion can be exerted by uni- or bipolar stimulation using an electric charge up to 1000millicoulomb (mC) with an amperage of 900mA. Muscular relaxation is necessary to prevent injuries caused by uncontrolled movements during convulsion. During paralysis, consciousness is blocked by general anaesthesia, although ECT is associated with antegrade amnesia for seizure induction and the seizure itself. In the context of ECT, the ideal hypnotic should be characterised by rapid onset, short duration of action and negligible anticonvulsive effects (i.e., least possible impact on seizure quality and duration). As mutual awareness of psychiatric and anaesthesiologic techniques is essential for safe and effective conduction of ECT, this article presents ECT both from the psychiatrist's and the anaesthesiologist's perspective.

PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG ACID ATTACK SURVIVORS IN PAKISTAN: A THEMATIC APPROACH

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychological risk factors of suicidal ideation among acid attack survivors in Pakistan. Through purposive sampling, interview responses of sixteen acid attack survivors with the age range between 18-45 years, who had experienced this incident within the past 3 years were qualitatively analyzed. The sample was collected from Lahore, Multan, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Faisalabad. For the analysis and interpretation of the data thematic analysis was used as it provides in-depth information of the research. The results indicated that the psychological risk factors common among acid attack survivors with suicidal ideation include depression, low self-esteem, perceived stigma, and PTSD. The emergent subthemes were hopelessness, helplessness, loneliness, inadequacy, lack of family support, self-hatred, worthlessness and being a burden on others. The coping strategies that emerged are emotion focused coping, problem focused coping and religious coping. As one of the few studies looking into the psychological factors risking suicidal tendencies in an often-overlooked population, the study offers guidance for future intervention plans for preventing suicidal tendencies among acid attack survivors in Pakistan. Practical implications for practitioners and future research directions for scholars are also discussed. Keywords: Acid attack survivors, qualitative research, thematic analysis, psychological risk factors, suicidal ideation

NEUROBIOLOGY BEHIND CHOOSING A METHOD OF SUICIDE: A REVIEW

Suicidal tendencies and ideationsare not limiting up to the developing nations today making it more vulnerable for research as people of science around the world want to know about the neurobiology behind suicidal ideation. Which neurochemical pathway decide the method of suicide chosen, the fatality of the method chosen and the multiplicity of suicidal methods. Authors here reviewed the various databases on the related topic and tried to conclude various theories based on the cases reported.

The problem of suicidal behaviour in the student environment: experience of empirical study

The article deals with the problem of youth suicide, that remains very relevant today. The authors point out that only registered suicide attempts enter the official statistics, and there are still a large number of unsuccessful attempts that remain unregistered. Also, the emergence of so-called “death groups” against the backdrop of large-scale involvement of young people in social networks exacerbates the problem. To study the topic and prevent the formation of suicidal behaviour, a specific approach is required, since the topic of suicide is quite sensitive. To solve the problem, the authors conducted an empirical study aimed at developing a methodology for diagnosing suicidal risk among young people. The research consists of three stages. At the first stage, a systematic analysis of scientific sources was carried out, as a result of which the factors influencing the occurrence of suicidal tendencies were identified: demographic, psychological (personal) and social. Next, a questionnaire was developed with methods that diagnosed each factor: a modified questionnaire of suicidal risk by T.N. Razuvaeva, a method for measuring the severity of loneliness by S. G. Korchagina, projective questions and a semantic differential. As a result, based on the developed typology of the level of suicidal tendencies, the respondent was identified from the standpoint of suicidal risk. The second stage was a survey of 1000 students of all levels of education. The results of the survey allowed to assess the severity of the risk of suicidal behaviour among students. The final stage of the study was the conduct of biographical interviews (testing the methodology), as well as the survey itself, according to the developed methodology, of students who had real suicidal thoughts (unrealised suicide attempts). This stage allowed to test the effectiveness of the tools developed on the basis of existing methods for diagnosing suicidal tendencies in students. In conclusion, the authors compare the results obtained with relevant studies by other scientists who also used an integrated approach of diagnostic techniques. The results of the study can be used by universities in the implementation of educational work with students.

Personality Development – A missing outcome competency that future Doctors will need

Personality Development – A missing outcome competency that future Doctors will need

Prevalence of suicidal tendencies among the students at the University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Suicide is a serious social and mental health problem; considering the recent hike in the country’s young population, it is essential to study the influential factors of suicide. This study is designed to identify the prevalence of suicide tendencies among students at the University of Peshawar. Students from various disciplines, such as psychology, statistics, computer science, English, pharmacy, journalism, international relations, and management sciences, among others, were submitted on the self-reported suicidal ideation scale (SIQUE). There was a higher prevalence rate of 30% of students having suicidal ideation among 844 students, in which the female predominance rate was higher than males. Furthermore, the married and ailing students also showed significant patterns of suicidal ideation on the SIQUE scale. The results also showed that among the students at the University of Peshawar, drug addicts had statistically higher average suicidal ideation. Those with mental disorders, physical disorders, death of loved ones, history of suicide, and weakness in religious beliefs increase the relative rates of suicidal ideation and propensity among students. Students who are married and suffer from mental disorders or other emotional or physical problems have a soaring inclination to suicide among the University of Peshawar students aged 19-30.

(062) Do Polish Adolescents Sexual Minorities have Poorer Sleep? - Analysis from POLKA 18 Pilot Study

Abstract Introduction Sleep duration might be affected by many mental states that are a result of discrimination, lack of social acceptance and stressful lifestyle. Sexual minorities in unfriendly environments are at risk of the aforementioned conditions and significantly affect their sleep therefore interfere with their circadian rhythm, health outcomes and quality of life. Objectives This study aims to estimate the association between duration of sleep among Polish adolescent sexual minorities groups. Methods The data on the level of sleep were retrieved from POLKA 18 study, funded by ESC, which is a youth-led cross-sectional analytical study of Polish adolescents. A paper-based self-reported questionnaire, building up on the interdisciplinary model of holistic approaches in adolescent gynaecology, has been used to collect data from schools in five Polish regions. The questionnaires were distributed in the schools during the time of April-June 2019 by local research associates, who are medical students. The obtained data has been analysed using STATA 16. Results We received 650 results and included 632 in our final analysis. We have asked our respondents a question on which sexual orientation they identify with and 2.6% of them declared being attracted to people from the same sex, 4.27% declared as bisexual, 0.8% asexual. Overall, 41.3% of the respondents reported sleeping less than 6 hours a night. It seems that there is a strong association between the length of sleep and sexual orientation with LGBA youth being less likely to reach recommended 7 hours of sleep a night. 41.2% who identified as gay/lesbians and 40.7% who identified as bisexual reported having less than 7 hours of sleep duration in comparison to 60.2% of their heterosexual counterparts. (p<0.001). Conclusions American National Sleep Foundation recommends 7-9 hours of sleep for young adults aged 18-25 (National Sleep Foundation, 2015) and our study reports that youth identified as sexual minorities are less likely to reach the recommended hours of sleep in comparison to their heterosexual peers. Although ourstudy focused solely on the duration of sleep, other studies reported a higher prevalence of many other sleep disturbances, such as insomnia that has strong correlation with stress levels and mental health problems (Galinsky et al., 2018; Fricke et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2017). Moreover, other reports from Korea and China show that those who had shorter sleep duration were more likely to have depressive symptoms and suicidal tendencies (Li et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2017). In multiple studies, sexual minorities have reported more prevalence of mental health problems. Therefore, appropriate sleeping hygiene should be accounted as one of the important factors and strategies to improve mental health among adolescents, especially those identified as part of sexual minorities. Disclosure No.

Depression and Suicide Risk Prediction Based on Machine Learning Models

Nowadays depression is one of the most series diseases in the world. According to incomplete statistics, depression patients in the world are up to tens of millions of people. About 800,000 people committed suicide because of depression, most of them young people aged 15-29. In other words, on average, every 40 seconds someone commits suicide because of depression. In addition, most depressed patients have suicidal tendencies. Research of World Health Organization show that in the 10 years from 2005 to 2015, the total number of people suffering from depression increased by 18.4 percent. Anxiety and stress will be with human over the next 10 years and will become the most common mental illness, according to the World Health Organization. Therefore, pay more attention mental health. Addressing depression can alleviate problems such as healthcare costs that exceed national and corporate budgets. Using machine learning models to predict patients with depression is a key challenge in the field of clinical data analysis and is one of the prevalent techniques for predicting disease. In this paper, a deep network model for anonymous predictive analysis of the data sets provided by "Suicide Watch" and "Depression" on the Reddit platform and finally ensured that the accuracy of each model result reached 95%. Finally, the causative factors of depression were analyzed to help patients and medical staff to prevent depression in time. So that mental health and safety issues are paid attention to reduce the health and safety problems caused by depression.

Depression and Suicide attempt during Dementia, and their Clinical Correlation in Elderly Indian Population from LASI Wave I (2017-2018)

Objective: Adult people are more prone to developing physical organ-related or mental disorders due to deterioration of body functions. Dementia is one such condition that prevails among older patients. This survey collates the effects of various demographic characteristics on depression and suicidal tendencies among the adult population with dementia across India.
 Methodology: This was a cross-sectional online survey that included 402 elderly patients (45 years and above) with dementia from different states of India conducted between June 2017 to June 2018. Depression and suicidal tendencies were dichotomized as No-“0” and Yes-“1’. Other explored variables in respect to depression and suicidal tendencies among patients with dementia were age, gender, area of living, wealth index, education, caste, religion, marital status, living arrangement, social security.
 Results: Age, gender and place of living had a significant effect on developing depression among adults with dementia (P<0.05). Factors such as education, wealth index, caste, religion, marital status, living alone or not and the presence or absence of social security didn’t have a significant effect on depression amongst people with dementia (p>0.05). In case of emerging suicidal tendencies among patients with dementia all the mentioned categories didn’t show significant changes.
 Conclusion: The patients with dementia had a greater inclination towards developing suicidal tendencies. Suicidal tendencies didn’t change significantly with age, gender, education, wealth, caste, social security, place of living, living arrangements, and marital status. Depression showed significant effect in terms of gender i.e. female and rural areas. Other socioeconomic characteristics didn’t establish significant effect on developing depressive symptoms and dementia.

The relationship between childhood traumatic experience and suicidal tendency in non-suicidal self-injury behavior patients

BackgroundIndividuals with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior are usually prone to repeated, intentional, direct harm to their own bodies that is not allowed by society without suicidal ideation. Under this behavior guidance, childhood traumatic experience may easily cause a series of psychological comorbidity symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, finally leading to a suicidal tendency.MethodsA total of 311 adolescent NSSI behavioral patients were recruited at the Ningbo Kangning hospital, Zhejiang Province according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Demographic data, childhood abuse and neglect, internet addiction, self-esteem, anxiety, and suicidal tendency were evaluated. A structural equation model with a path induction mechanism was constructed to evaluate the relationship between distal and proximal factors related to suicidal tendencies due to childhood traumatic experiences in NSSI behavioral individuals.ResultsAmong the 311 subjects included in the survey, 250 (80.39%) suffered traumatic experiences, such as emotional abuse/physical abuse/sexual abuse/emotional neglect or physical neglect in their childhood, 303 (97.43%) had suicidal ideation, 271 (87.14%) showed the total score of self-esteem, 148 (47.59%) had different degrees of Internet addiction tendency, and 286 (91.96%) showed obvious anxiety. The established path model fit well (GFI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.03), and the model showed that self-esteem, anxiety, and childhood traumatic experience had standardized coefficients of -0.235 (z = -4.742, p < 0.01), 0.322 (z = 6.296, p < 0.01), 0.205 (z = 4.047, p < 0.01), respectively, with suicidal ideation path, suggesting that self-esteem, Internet addiction, and anxiety showed significant mediating effects in the process of childhood traumatic experience affecting suicidal ideation.ConclusionIn the context of childhood traumatic experience, it is often accompanied by a series of regulatory behaviors such as Internet addiction, self-esteem, and so on, which finally leads to anxiety, mental symptoms, and even suicidal tendencies. The results provide effective support for the structural equation modeling to evaluate the multi-level influence of NSSI behavior individuals and emphasize that childhood familial factors may lead to psychiatric comorbidity symptoms and suicidal behavior.

MiR-124-3p target genes identify globus pallidus role in suicide ideation recovery in borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by patterns of unstable affect, unstable interpersonal relationships, and chronic suicidal tendencies. Research on the genetics, epigenetics, and brain function of BPD is lacking. MicroRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p) was recently identified in a Genome-Wide Association Study as likely associated with BPD. Here, we identified the anatomical brain expression of genes likely modulated by miR-124-3p and compared morphometry in those brain regions in BPD inpatients vs. controls matched for psychiatric comorbidities. We isolated lists of targets likely modulated by miR-124-3p from TargetScan (v 8.0) by their preferentially conserved targeting (Aggregate PCT > 0.99, see Supplementary Table 1). We applied Process Genes List (PGL) to identify regions of interest associated with the co-expression of miR-124-3p target genes. We compared the gray matter volume of the top region of interest co-expressing those genes between BPD inpatients (n = 111, 46% female) and psychiatric controls (n = 111, 54% female) at The Menninger Clinic in Houston, Texas. We then correlated personality measures, suicidal ideation intensity, and recovery from suicidal ideation with volumetrics. Gene targets of miR-124-3p were significantly co-expressed in the left Globus Pallidus (GP), which was smaller in BPD than in psychiatric controls. Smaller GP volume was negatively correlated with agreeableness and with recovery from suicidal ideation post-treatment. In BPD, GP volume may be reduced through miR-124-3p regulation and suppression of its target genes. Importantly, we identified that a reduction of the GP in BPD could serve as a potential biomarker for recovery from suicidal ideation.

EPH225 Understanding the Relationship between Depression and Suicidal Tendencies Among Tertiary Students in Ghana

Global evidence estimates indicate suicide to be the second leading cause of intentional deaths among tertiary students and the possible relationship between suicidal behavior and the mental health status of victims. Therefore this study aims to examine the relationship between depression and suicidal tendencies and identify the factors influencing this behavior among tertiary students in Ghana.

Study of the Relationship Between Loneliness and Suicidal Risks among the Adolescents and the Elderly

The article presents the results of the study which identifies the concatenation between loneliness and the degree of suicidal risk among teenagers and the elderly. Subject being examined: loneliness and suicidal risk from the point of view of their concatenation among teenagers and the elderly. The methods which were used are the Differential Questionnaire showing the Experience of Loneliness (E. N. Osin, D. A. Leontiev), the method of diagnosing the level of subjective feeling of loneliness (D. Russell, M. Ferguson), the method «Map of the risk of suicides» (modified by L. B. Schneider), the SAD PERSONS Scale (Patterson et al.), Hopelessness Inventory (A. Beck), mathematical and statistical analysis. The study is novel in that it is for the first time when the system of concatenation between the experience of loneliness and suicidal tendencies among teenagers and the elderly was developed. As part of the study, there was established the concatenation between the experience of loneliness and the level of suicidal risk in both groups among those being examined. The research shows that the subjective understanding of the level of one's real loneliness as high, the negative attitude towards one's loneliness and the dependence on communication are associated with a high level of suicidal risk, while the positive attitude towards loneliness and a low degree of experiencing real loneliness are associated with a low level of suicidal risk. The results obtained prove that there is a way to overcome the negative aspects of loneliness and reduce the number of suicides, which is connected with a change of one's attitude towards loneliness, the ability to self-control, the ability to find and use the internal and external resources of the individual. The conclusions reached will be useful for both psychologists and professionals working with teenagers and elderly citizens.

Predictors of Suicide Behavior in Adolescents with Depression

The prevalence of teenage suicide has been progressively rising in recent years, posing a significant public health concern that jeopardizes the physical and psychological well-being of adolescents, and potentially their survival. Adolescents who experience depression are at an elevated risk for suicidal behavior. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the distinct psychological, familial, and socio-environmental factors that contribute to suicidal tendencies among adolescents diagnosed with depression. The aim of this research is to establish a sound empirical foundation for the development of effective strategies to prevent adolescent suicide behavior.

Investigating suicidality across the autistic-catatonic continuum in a clinical sample of subjects with major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder.

Recent literature has highlighted that catatonia may be more prevalent among psychiatric patients than previously thought, beginning from autism spectrum disorders (ASD), for which it has been suggested to represent a severe late consequence, but also among individuals with mood disorders and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Interestingly, one critical point shared by these conditions is the increased risk of suicidality. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the presence and the prevalence of catatonic symptoms may shape and correlate with suicidal risk in a sample of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) or BPD. We recruited two clinical samples of subjects (BPD and MDD) and a control group without a diagnosis according to DSM-5 (CTL). Subjects were assessed with the catatonia spectrum (CS) and the MOODS-SR for evaluating suicidality. In the total sample, suicidality score was significantly and positively correlated with all CS domains and CS total score. Correlation and regression analyses highlighted specific patterns of association among Catatonia spectrum domains and suicidality in the MDD and BPD group and in the total sample. In both disorders, higher catatonic traits are linked to higher suicidal tendencies, confirming the high risk of suicide for this population. However, different patterns of association between catatonic symptoms and suicidality were highlighted in the two disorders.

The Influence of Physical Abuse on People's Suicidal Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Anxiety

This research examined the effect of physical abuse on people's suicidal behavior, and the mediating roles of depression and anxiety in this relationship. Participants were two hundred adults, including 38 males and 162 females. The Childhood Trauma Scale, the Suicidal Tendency Scale, the Depression Self-Assessment Scale, and the Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (SAS) were used to measure physical abuse, suicidal behavior, depression, and anxiety. Findings revealed that physical abuse is positively related to suicide tendencies; Physical abuse is positively related to anxiety and depression; depression is positively related to suicidal tendencies. Depression but not anxiety plays a mediating role in the association of physical abuse and suicidal tendencies. The findings of the current study emphasize the role of depression in inducing suicidal behavior after physical abuse. It also suggested that the reduction of the suicide rate could be achieved by intervening in the target population, which would focus on those who had experienced childhood abuse. Reducing depression can also be an effective way to reduce suicidal behavior.

A phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to verify the efficacy and safety of ansofaxine (LY03005) for major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent form of depression and is becoming a great challenge for public health and medical practice. Although first-line antidepressants offer therapeutic benefits, about 35% of depressed patients are not adequately treated, creating a substantial unmet medical need. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial was conducted in patients with MDD in China to assess the efficacy and safety of ansofaxine (LY03005), a potential triple reuptake inhibitor of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Eligible 588 MDD patients were included and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 8-week treatment with ansofaxine 80 mg/day(n = 187), ansofaxine 160 mg/day(n = 186), or placebo(n = 185). The primary efficacy endpoint was the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score change from baseline to the end of the study. Safety indexes included adverse events, vital signs, physical examination, laboratory tests, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and evaluation of suicide tendency and sexual function. Significant differences were found in mean changes in MADRS total score at week 8 in the two ansofaxine groups (80 mg, −20.0; 160 mg, −19.9) vs. placebo (−14.6; p < 0.0001). All doses of ansofaxine were generally well-tolerated. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported by 137 (74.46%) patients in ansofaxine 80 mg group, 144 (78.26%) patients in ansofaxine 160 mg and 125 (67.93%) patients in the placebo group. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was 59.2% (109 patients), 65.22% (120 patients) in the 80, 160 mg ansofaxine groups, and 45.11% (83 patients) in the placebo group. The initial results of this trial indicate that ansofaxine at both the 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day was effective and safe in adult patients with MDD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04853407.