Sugar Refinery Research Articles

Effects of synthesized AlFe2O4 and MgFe2O4 nanoparticles on biogas production from anaerobically digested sugar refinery wastewater.

The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) toward sustainable water economy and bioenergy production has become a subject of great interest. Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely exploited in wastewater treatment settings, whereby utilization of MNP additives by microorganism response for degradation of organics into biogas is seen to be eco-friendly and economically viable. The present study investigated the impact of two synthesized MNPs such as aluminum ferrite (AlFe2O4) and magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) on biogas production via biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. A BMP set-up of three (3) bioreactors was tested with a working volume of 0.8 L which comprises 0.5 L wastewater (WW) and 0.3 L activated sludge (AS) with 1.5g of the MNPs and a control system without MNPs. The degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was increased with set-ups that contained MNPs as compared to the control system, MgFe2O4 (93.96%) > AlFe2O4 (85.95%) > control (68.83%). In terms of biogas production, the methane yield was also recorded as MgFe2O4 (85.7%) > AlFe2O4 (84.3%) > control (65.7%). The physical and chemical stability of MNPs makes them more advantageous for application in biogas production. In the prospects of biogas enhancement and biodegradability, integrating MNPs in an anaerobic digestion system will result in a more efficient anaerobic process performance for biogas production.

Energy efficiency concepts in sugar house operation – what is old, what is new?

Energy efficiency is a key performance indicator for the efficient operation of a sugar refinery. Water intake via the fine liquor and the amount of wash water used in centrifugals are crucial indicators for steam demand. A range of concepts have for several decades been used in crystallization to automate the process, thus making it to a large extent reproducible. Depending on the crystal size aimed for, one- or two-stage seeding processes are often applied. The water intake by wash water applied in the centrifugals can be significantly reduced by applying syrup washing. This paper describes the principles of the process steps mentioned and their importance for refinery and recovery in a sugar refinery. It also addresses the reasons why the use of these process steps is time and again called into question. On this basis, the paper presents opportunities that can result from a reassessment of precisely these process steps, taking into account state-of-the-art process monitoring methods.

Biocompatible Antibacterial Denim Fabric Prepared via Green Synthesis of the Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Raw Sugar Molasses

AbstractMicrobial susceptibility of the denim fabric sized by starch raises some skin health concerns about this extensively used fabric. In this work, biocompatible antibacterial denim fabric is prepared by optimized green synthesis of the copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles on the cotton fibers. The copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized without using any toxic chemical to reduce the copper salt. As an alternative, the waste of the sugar refinery factory, molasses, was used as eco‐friendly and cost‐efficient material. The antibacterial activity of the samples against Candida albicans as model fungus, Escherichia coli as Gram‐negative, and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram‐positive model bacteria is investigated besides cytotoxicity; also, the synthesis process is optimized regarding the most biocompatible and antibacterial nanocomposite. The characterizations prove the effectiveness of the molasses for reduction of the copper salt and formation of the copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles. Synthesis of the copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. The results of this work introduce a green method for sustainable development of the fabric industry; it also presents a potential application for molasses and reutilizing it.

Insights into the physicochemical properties of Sugar Scum as a sustainable biosorbent derived from sugar refinery waste for efficient cationic dye removal

Insights into the physicochemical properties of Sugar Scum as a sustainable biosorbent derived from sugar refinery waste for efficient cationic dye removal

SUGAR INDUSTRY: PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND WASTE UTILIZATION TO ENHANCE CLEANER PRODUCTION IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA

Cleaner production is referred to as a technical preventative procedure. Every step, every significance of information process, as well as every procedure and choices made, is analyzed. The Indonesian government has advocated this model in every critical industry, including the sugar industry. This research provides a picture of the sugar industry’s environmental impacts. In a sugar refinery, proper technology and management develop in reducing, recycling, and reusing become a zero waste. As a result, the sugar industry is considered an emission-free system. This study implies that sugar processing has issues that require careful management to eager the cleaner production. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) with Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) methodology could be the promising analysis of the solutions to develop the assessment in sugar refinery performances.

Substantiation of a method for producing sugar during deep processing of beet molasses

When processing sugar beets, the final waste is formed - molasses containing sucrose and other compounds. Under the conditions of traditional technology, further extraction of sucrose from molasses is difficult. The technology of deep processing of molasses using chromatographic separation (desugarization) has been developed and implemented, which allows additional extraction of sucrose. The resulting extract requires further processing at sugar factories. This article is devoted to the choice of a method for processing the extract under the conditions of sugar production. Various options for processing the extract are considered: after the completion of the processing of sugar beet and during the joint processing of beet and extract. You can send molasses to a desugarization station once, work with a partial return of molasses, or carry out continuous processing of molasses obtained in the crystallization department of a sugar refinery by desugarization. Each processing option has its own advantages and disadvantages. The performed numerical analysis shows that processing the extract with a second pass stage will lead to the maximum total sugar recovery. The second most efficient is endless recycling. An improvement over endless recycling in the molasses recycling process is achieved by optimizing the separator settings due to the consistent quality of the processed feed. Endless processing leads to the accumulation of non-sugars, which destabilizes the quality of the molasses and makes it difficult to set up the separator.

Sugar Beet Pulp in the Context of Developing the Concept of Circular Bioeconomy

The primary objective of this paper is to identify the possibilities of using sugar beet pulp as feedstock to produce a variety of added-value products. Such an application of the sugar production byproducts contributes to implementing circular bio-economy, which is a source of many economic, social, and environmental benefits. Specific objectives of this paper are: (1) Presenting the concept and meaning of circular bio-economy. (2) Characterizing properties of the sugar beet pulp from the perspective of using them as feedstock. (3) Determining the volume of production of the sugar beet pulp and the current methods of using them. (4) Determining the methods of obtaining attractive bioproducts and renewable energy from sugar beet pulp. Special attention was given to the amount of sugar beet pulp produced in Polish sugar refineries. Poland is among the European countries in which the volume of produced sugar is especially high. Therefore, the problem of appropriate waste management in the Polish sugar industry gains significant importance. The conducted literature review demonstrated that sugar beet pulp might be used as a feedstock in the production of many bio-products produced using a variety of methods.

Resveratrol production of a recombinant Scheffersomyces stipitis strain from molasses

Resveratrol is a plant-derived aromatic compound with beneficial properties and it is required to develop a resveratrol production process from inexpensive biomass feedstocks. Here, we investigated the potential of Scheffersomyces stipitis, a non-conventional yeast with the capacity to utilize a wide range of sugars, to produce resveratrol from molasses, which is a by-product of sugar refineries. The S. stipitis strain metabolically engineered for resveratrol production produced resveratrol from 60 g/L mixed sugar (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), while its resveratrol titer decreased as the proportions of glucose and fructose increased. Sucrose consumption of the S. stipitis strain was clearly suppressed by the coexistence of glucose, fructose, and even ethanol. Quantitative analysis of intracellular metabolites involved in resveratrol biosynthesis using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that the composition of these sugars has a significant effect on the intracellular accumulation of glycolytic metabolites and AMP, which is an important factor involved in some cellular metabolic responses. Furthermore, the S. stipitis strain produced 1076 ± 167 mg/L of resveratrol in the fermentation with commercial sugarcane molasses (120 g/L of total sugars) as the substrate. To our knowledge, this is the first report on carbon catabolite repression in S. stipitis caused by the coexistence of sucrose, glucose, and fructose and resveratrol production from molasses. These results indicate great potential of the cost-effective resveratrol production process from molasses substrates using recombinant S. stipitis.

Metropolis in the Making: A Planning History of Amsterdam in the Dutch Golden Age

Metropolis in the Making: A Planning History of Amsterdam in the Dutch Golden Age

Influence of sugar refinery industry on area development on the Beinan river basin in Taiwan between 1910 and 1925

Influence of sugar refinery industry on area development on the Beinan river basin in Taiwan between 1910 and 1925

Effect of operating parameters on amylase efficiency in a selected Sugar refinery

Amylase is an industrially important enzyme and applied in many industrial processes such as scarification of starchy materials, food, pharmaceutical, detergent, and textile industries. This research work deals with the optimization Increase enzyme efficiency of dissolution unit from Etihad Food Industries Company (Sugar plant). Effects of operating parameters such as amylase concentration (0-50 ppm), time (0-15 min) and temperature (25-85 C◦) on the removal efficiency of starch were investigated. The results revealed that temperature has the main effect on the amylase efficiency. Under optimized operating conditions of initial temperature =85 C, amylase concentration =25 ppm, and time for reaction=15 min the removal efficiency of starch was found to be 60% which is relatively higher than the previous works.

Sustainability Studies on Concrete Partial Replacement of Sugarcane Granular Bagasse-ash in Cement

In recent times, the research in every branch of science and technology is focusing on utilisation of waste materials from different sources such as agricultural, industrial etc., It is both economically beneficial as well as helps in creating a pollution free environment. Various agricultural waste such a sugar cane bagasse ash is also utilised in recent times as it has high amount of silica content. It is a waste product from sugar refinery industry. With the increase in production of sugar, the disposal of bagasse ash becomes difficult. Hence utilisation of bagasse ash as a replacement to cement was experimented by few researchers and found that certain paste properties could be increased by using bagasse ash at certain percentage replacements. In this research, the bagasse ash was replaced by weight of ordinary Portland cement in concrete. The replacement percentage varied from 0 to 15% with a 5% interval. The proportions of cement aggregate and water was finalised by following standard mix design procedure given in IS-10262. Both fresh and hardened concrete properties were tested in each mix. It was observed that the slump value was decreased with the increase in bagasse ash content, the hardened properties like flexural strength, compressive strength, have indicated no major difference in strength levels up to 10% replacement of bagasse ash. Similar trend was observed in the results of 7, 14 and 28 days. With further research, the bagasse ash replacement in concrete can be made more sustainable.

Optimization of Yeast, Sugar and Nutrient Concentrations for High Ethanol Production Rate Using Industrial Sugar Beet Molasses and Response Surface Methodology

Among the various agro-industrial by-products, sugar beet molasses produced by sugar refineries appear as a potential feedstock for ethanol production through yeast fermentation. A response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to better understand the effect of three process parameters (concentration of nutrient, yeast and initial sugar) on the ethanol productivity using diluted sugar beet molasses and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The first set of experiments performed at lab-scale indicated that the addition of 4 g/L of nutrient combined with a minimum of 0.2 g/L of yeast as well as a sugar concentration lower than 225 g/L was required to achieve high ethanol productivities (>15 g/L/d). The optimization allowed to considerably reduce the amount of yeast initially introduced in the fermentation substrate while still maximizing both ethanol productivity and yield process responses. Finally, scale-up assays were carried out in 7.5 and 100 L bioreactors using the optimal conditions: 150 g/L of initial sugar concentration, 0.27 g/L of yeast and 4 g/L of nutrient. Within 48 h of incubation, up to 65 g/L of ethanol were produced for both scales, corresponding to an average ethanol yield and sugar utilization rate of 82% and 85%, respectively. The results obtained in this study highlight the use of sugar beet molasses as a low-cost food residue for the sustainable production of bioethanol.

SIX SIGMA IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA INDUSTRIES AND BUSINESSES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Understanding quality in manufacturing starts with defect identification and improvement finding. Reliability that influenced by equipment design or working methods or environment has led to concept of improvement with six sigma method and this has been absorbed in Indonesia industries as well. This article discusses about six sigma implementation in Indonesia from various business and industries. The method is to review research articles that are published within 2016-2020 with keyword DMAIC and six sigma. The results from 52 selected articles is obtained average 3.68 sigma value of Indonesia industries within year 2016-2020 with the least value 1.10 from crude palm oil refinery and the highest is 5.10 from bagging process of sugar refinery. However, six sigma application is not always satisfying concerning its suitability function, requirement of industries, culture, local regulation, and internal business concern, especially in terms of efficiency and cost. Future research is suggested utilizing industry 4.0 concept to enhance six sigma implementations.

“Did Emmett Till Die in Vain? Organized Labor Says No!”: The United Packinghouse Workers and Civil Rights Unionism in the Mid-1950s

Abstract Emmett Till's mangled face is seared into our collective memory, a tragic epitome of the brutal violence that upheld white supremacy in the Jim Crow South. But Till's murder was more than just a tragedy: it also inspired an outpouring of protest, in which labor unions played a prominent role. The United Packinghouse Workers of America (UPWA) campaigned energetically, from the stockyards of Chicago to the sugar refineries of Louisiana. The UPWA organized the first mass meeting addressed by Till's mother, Mamie Bradley; packinghouse workers petitioned, marched, and rallied to demand justice; and an interracial group of union activists traveled to Mississippi to observe the trial of Till's killers firsthand, flouting segregation inside and outside the courtroom. Analysis of antiracist unions like the UPWA can help rectify a weakness in the “whiteness” literature by illuminating the contexts and strategies that have fostered durable interracial working-class solidarity. The UPWA, which managed to survive the Red Scare of the late 1940s and early 1950s relatively unscathed, represents an important link between the “civil rights unionism” of the 1930s and 1940s and the civil rights movement of the mid-1950s and 1960s.

Analysis of Profitability Performance of Dangote Sugar Refineries PLC: During and After Recent Economic Recession in Nigeria (2013–2018)

Private sectors have contributed immensely to the development of Nigerian economy without a doubt. However, the Nigerian economy is volatile over the period years till date, which causes it to plug into recession in 2016. Many questions have been raised on the performances of business in the economy especially during economic recession and when economy is sound. Moreover, the investors needs more decision making tools to assist them on decisions to invest in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this research aimed to analysis the profitability performance of Dangote Sugar Refineries plc during and after recent economic recession in Nigeria (2013-2018). This research make use of simple profitability ratios: Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets (ROA), Returns on Equity (ROE) ratios, and trend analysis was also used to analyze and established trends in the profitability performance of Dangote Sugar Refineries plc during and after recent economic recession in Nigeria for the periods under review. The research revealed that, the Dangote Sugar Refineries plc performs better after economic recession than when the economy is recessed, as the Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets (ROA), Returns on Equity (ROE) ratios improved after 2016, during recession. It was recommended that, the investors should invest in businesses when economy is sound. We also recommended to the management to ensures that the operating expenses of the business should not increases with same proportion to increases in sales, and increases in equity should be invested on assets that will increases production and productivity, thus, increases revenue and improves profitability performances

Method for the safe storage of sugar beets using an ion-ozone mixture.

Sugar refineries cannot modernize the current processing technology and increase their capacity in proportion to the increasing harvest of raw beets. This entails an increase in the processing time. Sugar beets are not subject to long-term storage, and when they are stored in inappropriate conditions, root crops rot, resulting in sugar loss. The aim of this study is to increase the safety of beets during long-term storage before processing and to develop a device for its implementation which will lead to an improvement in the biological value of sugar beet root crops and an increase in the efficiency of technological processes. The experiment used sugar beets from the Koksu sugar plant and was carried out by treating sugar beets with an ion-ozone mixture to increase their shelf life. The treatment was carried out in an ion-ozone installation. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out using several methods: chemical extraction, potentiometry and photocolorimetry. The results of the study showed that when sugar beets were treated with ozone at a concentration of 0.5 g/m3 and 2 g/m3, the acidity decreased to 0.6 degrees, and the sugar content increased by 2.3% and 3.3%, respectively. When sugar beets were processed with an ozone concentration of 2 g/m3 and a molecular ion concentration of 1,000,000 units/cm3, a decrease in moisture was observed to 69%, the acidity decreased 2 times and the sugar content increased by 3%. When the beets were processed with an ozone concentration of 2 g/m3 and a molecular ion concentration of 1,000,000 units/cm3, a decrease in acidity was observed to 0.65-0.67 degrees, and the sugar content increased by 2-2.5%. Also, in all the above optimal processing conditions, a decrease in yeast growth was observed. As a result of the study, the following three optimal conditions were established for the processing of sugar beet root crops before storage: an ozone concentration of 0.5 g/m3 and 2 g/m3; an ozone concentration of 5 mg/m3 and molecular ions of 500,000 units/cm3; an ozone concentration of 2 g/m3 and molecular ions of 1,000,000 units/cm3.

Processes, Challenges and Optimisation of Rum Production from Molasses—A Contemporary Review

The rum industry is currently worth USD 16 billion, with production concentrated in tropical countries of the Caribbean and Asia-Pacific regions. The primary feedstock for rum production is sugar cane molasses, a by-product of sugar refineries. The main variables known to affect rum quality include the composition of the molasses, the length of fermentation, and the type of barrels and length of time used for aging the rum. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the impact of these variables on rum quality, and to highlight current challenges and opportunities in the production of rum from molasses. In order to achieve this, we review the relevant contemporary scientific literature on these topics. The major contemporary challenges in the rum production industry include minimising the effects of variability in feedstock quality, ensuring the fermentation process runs to completion, preventing microbial contamination, and the selection and maintenance of yeast strains providing optimum ethanol production. Stringent quality management practices are required to ensure consistency in the quality and organoleptic properties of the rum from batch to batch. Further research is required to fully understand the influences of many of these variables on the final quality of the rum produced.

21 Bar Yoshimin Boiler Maintenance with Controlling Residual Phosphate

Boiler as the steam generator is usually utilized as a turbine drive and other industrial processes. Boiler needs good treatment and surveillance to keep its best performance. Boiler water (BW) and boiler feed water (BFW) quality control is essential in boiler maintenance since it preserves boiler from crust, corrosion, and carry over, moreover, it also prevents boiler pipe to break. Boiler maintenance in sugar refinery factory is carried out by controlling the quality of BFW, Chemical injection (inner maintenance) and blowdown of boiler water. BFW mineral content (SiO 2 , total hardness) is maintained as small as possible using a softener (cation resin) or demineralization unit (cation and anion resin). Chemical injection is performed by the addition of soda in order to control the pH of boiler water. Phosphate addition aims to tie up total hardness level which is caused by concentration process of water boiler and slipped of hard water from BFW. Blowdown process has purpose to reduce crust and corrosion caused by mineral concentrate inside boiler. The experiment was conducted by controlling pH of BFW from 7.5-8.5, maximum total hardness at 3 ppm, maximum SiO 2 concentration at 3 ppm and maximum Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) at 100 ppm while BW was controlled its pH at 10.5-11, maximum total hardness at 20 ppm, maximum SiO 2 concentration at 50 ppm, maximum Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) at 2000 ppm, and residual phosphate ion between 4 – 10 ppm. The experiment time was adjusted as a milled day or about for 140 days. The result of the experiment showed that the treatment had a good impact on the condition of the boiler drum pipe.

The applicability of the Sludge Biotic Index in a facility treating sugar refinery effluents and municipal wastewater.

Protozoans are valuable indicators of the wastewater biological treatment process and are used in a variety of water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) as an indicator of activated sludge purification efficiency during different influent loadings: municipal wastewater (M) and municipal wastewater combined with industrial wastewater from a sugar refinery (M+S). Despite the higher organic load during the M+S period, purification efficiency was higher for BOD5 , compared with the M period. SBI values were high during both periods, indicating stable sludge, excellent biological activity, and good to very good performance. According to the share of indicator taxa, better conditions of activated sludge were found during the M+S period. Protozoan abundance differed between the two study periods, as well as purification efficiency for some parameters. Certain taxa showed a significant correlation with purification efficiency for specific parameters. Although SBI is a useful tool for estimating activated sludge health, it should be used in combination with additional indicator metrics and/or a species-specific approach. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Activated sludge can have high purification efficiency during the co-treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. The Sludge Biotic Index is applicable as an indicator of activated sludge condition during the treatment of municipal and sugar refinery wastewaters. A combination of indicators and a species-specific approach can give better estimation of the health of activated sludge.