Sugar Refinery Research Articles

Investigating the Effects of Professional Ethical Components on Organizational Culture.Case study (sugar refinery of Jovein, Sabzevar)

Abstract. Creating and maintaining an ethical organizational culture is an undeniable necessity for today's organizations. In this type of culture, values, environmental ethical beliefs and philosophical procedures on which the organization is established. The main purpose is addressing the cyclical effects of organizational ethical categories. Assumptions include: there is a correlation between the predictability in the organization and legitimacy of the organization. The correlation between organizational legitimacy and the increase organizational commitment causes organizational predictability; the organizational responsibility can increase the organizational commitment level. This study is conducted using the correlation coefficient between variables of job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment with each other and with the desire to stay and job performance, by using of multiple regression, relationship between the variables, measuring them and their meaningfulness on a sample of 50 people working in the Sugar refinery of Jovein city in 2013. Results showed that the variables of job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment had a meaningful relationship with the desire to stay and job performance, as well as job satisfaction and job involvement had a meaningful relationship with job performance, but there were no meaningful relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK DÜZEYİNİN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN GÖSTERDİĞİ FARKLILIKLARIN İSTATİSTİKSEL YÖNTEMLERLE İNCELENMESİ

was carried out a survey on 144 person which have worked in Sugar Refinery in Kars, using Questionnaire of Organizational Commitment Scale which developed by Allen and Meyer. Data that obtained from the survey was analyzed and evaluated by Independent Samples T Test, Tamhane’s T2 Test, Tukey ve Anova Tests, with the help of SPSS 20 programme. According to findings obtained from the sample, there was defined that individual’s organizational commitment attitude has no a meaninful difference for age, marital status, education and status, but it shows a meaningful difference for monthly income which is the lowest income group

GREEN refining technology

The objective of this paper is to describe a “step-change” in refining technology being proposed by Tongaat Hulett. This patented technology is termed “GREEN” Refining Technology, where “GREEN” is an acronym for “Greatly Reduced Energy and Equipment Needs”. The name attempts to encapsulate the “environmentally friendly” benefits of reduced energy usage whilst also emphasising the major savings in both energy and capital equipment requirements of the technology. GREEN refining technology aims to substantially (and ultimately totally) replace evaporating crystallization with cooling crystallization in a sugar refinery.

ICOPE-15-1132 Transport system of unused heat from bagasse-boiler by using chemical heat storage in sugar milling and refinery process

ICOPE-15-1132 Transport system of unused heat from bagasse-boiler by using chemical heat storage in sugar milling and refinery process

Influence of marketing mix elements on the intention of sugarcane farmers in Thailand to use commercial tailor-made fertiliser

Tailor–made fertiliser (TMF) is a new practice in Thailand that aims to achieve a more efficient use of a fertiliser on cultivated soil. This study attempts to determine farmers' attitudes toward a marketing mix of TMF and to investigate factors influencing the farmers' intention to use TMF in accordance with the marketing mix strategy. A survey was conducted among 387 sugar cane farmers who were interviewed at the Thamaka sugar refinery, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. The results indicate that farmers' attitude toward the retailer available over a wide area has the biggest influence on their intention to use TMF. This is followed by their attitude toward stability of TMF product quality, and by whether price is more competitive than other chemical fertiliser.

Optimisation control and online monitoring for cleaning process

During the process of sugar refinery, multiple constraints are imposed by practical requirements, and the cleaning process (CP) whose control goal is acquiring high density products is very important. Owing to the complexity of the process, exogenous disturbances, etc., conventional control methods do not yield satisfactory control performance. This paper presents an intelligent optimisation control method (IOCM) with a hierarchical configuration that provides solutions for the optimisation and control of the CP, and the online monitoring of the system operation state. The actual results show that the IOCM is a proper scheme to deal with the addressed problems.

Hydrogen production by Enterobacter cloacae isolated from sugar refinery sludge

Hydrogen is recognized as a promising fuel for the future because it is renewable, environmentally harmless and cost-effective. Systematic research on the process of hydrogen production is important for increasing hydrogen yield and identification of suitable strains of bacteria. We investigated the hydrogen production pathways of Enterobacter cloacae. The maximum hydrogen yield was ∼707 ml L−1, the H2 content of the gas-phase was in the range 30–35% and the overall rate of hydrogen production was ∼70.70 ml h−1 L−1. Ethyl alcohol and 2,3-butanediol were the major fermentative products, indicating the hydrogen-producing fermentation pathway of E. cloacae was the 2,3-butanediol pathway. Proteins and enzymes involved in the 2,3-butanediol pathway were generally detected by proteomics analysis, providing further evidence for the presence of the 2,3-butanediol pathway in E. cloacae. Both 13C labeling experiments and proteomics analysis indicated the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway was the major pathway and the hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway had a weaker role, or did not participate, in glucose catalysis in E. cloacae.

Research on Technology for Producing Green and Environmental - Friendly Silicate Glass

This article discussed the basic theory and routes for preparing soda-lime-silicate glass by filter mud in beet sugar refinery. The proportion of raw materials and processing conditions were optimized.The research shows that amber glass and green-white glass prepared can meet national standards and the technology was reliable, easy, high benefit both on economical and social effects and without secondary waste .

Optimization of Process Variables for C-massecuite Exhaustion in a Nigerian Sugar Refinery

Sucrose in the final molasses continues to be a source of major financial loss to sugar refineries worldwide. This study therefore aims at rectifying this anomaly. In this study, the final molasses exhaustibility was predicted using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based ondata generated from molasses sample collected from the recovery end of refining processes. The results show that both models are able to predict the final molasses exhaustibility with sufficient accuracy. The optimum sucrose recovery of 49.18% was achieved at the point when Brix 0

Activity-based costing on the example of prune-drying company

This paper examines the possibility of application of the activity-based costing in a company engaged in drying fruit. Activity Based Costing (ABC) was developed due to the shortcomings of traditional cost accounting systems, which was shown to have serious limitations, on one hand, and due to the need for more accurate cost price, on the other. This is of great importance for business decision making, which requires quality data and information, because the intense technical and technological progress has significantly altered the environment companies operate in. Along with this fact, major changes in cost structure occurred, which reflected through the increase of the indirect cost portion, and decrease of direct labor and material costs. Traditional cost accounting methods allocate indirect production costs using keys which are no longer appropriate for the new circumstances, and therefore typically allocate unreasonably high amount of indirect costs to those products which are produced in larger series. ABC cost accounting system firstly allocates indirect costs to pre-defined activities, and afterwards carries them to cost and profit drivers. The application of ABC costing in Serbia is at the very beginning. Having in mind that the privatization and the restructuring phase in the economy is followed by the establishment of a new management with fresh ideas, this can be a good timing for companies to introduce modern approach and modern methods of cost accounting. ABC method is very convenient for application in service companies, food processing industry, confectionery companies, driers, sugar refineries, breweries, dairies, mills etc.

Toward a New, Musical Paradigm of Place: The Port River Symphonic of Chester Schultz

AbstractIn privileging music as a focus for applied ecology, the goal of this essay is to deepen perspectives on the musical representation of land in an age of complex environmental challenge. As the metaphor driving public narration of environmental crises, the notion of Earth as our home—signified by the prefix “eco”—brings with it a critical expectation for the musical academy to retreat from bland talk about a “sense of place.” Based on the premise that damaged ecologies are a matter of concern to many people, Indigenous and Settler; and building on the late Val Plumwood's theory of “shadow” or “denied” places (Plumwood, 2008), the author introduces Within Our Reach: A Symphony of the Port River Soundscapes by anti-elitist South Australian composer Chester Schultz (b. 1945). Inspired by the tradition of R. Murray Schafer's performances for outdoor sites, Schultz predicated this niche symphony on the noise-polluting defoliation of Adelaide's “wetland wonder,” the Old Port Reach. Presented as a series of narrative soundscapes, the symphony harnesses the power of music, including popular genres, to engender a sense of local “belonging” to the Port. In an ecological subtext an Indigenous Elder sings in the re-awakening language of the Kaurna people who, in 1890, were evicted from their “nourishing terrain” (terminology after Rose, 1996) by the CSR Sugar Refinery. Schultz's ethical musical representation of local oral, natural and industrial history generates a benchmark opus for what shadow place composition might sound like in the modern global city.

Optimization of nutritional supplements for enhanced lactic acid production utilizing sugar refinery by-products

The present study investigated the synergistic effect of nutritional supplements (amino acid and Tween 80) on lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbruckii utilizing a sugar refinery by product (cane molasses) in a submerged fermentation process. Initially, the effect of individual factors on lactic acid yield was studied by supplementing amino acids and their combinations, Tween 80 and cane molasses at varying concentrations in production medium. A combination of l-phenylalanine and l-lysine gave a maximum lactic acid yield of 47.89 ± 0.1 g/L on a dry cell weight basis at individual factor level. Similarly, maximum lactic acid yield was obtained by supplementing the production medium with 40.0 g/L and 2.0 g/L Tween 80 and cane molasses, respectively, at individual factor level. In order to further improve the lactic acid yield, nutritional supplements were optimized by central composite rotatable design (CCRD) using Minitab 15 software. Shake flask cultivation under optimized conditions, i.e., cane molasses (32.40 g/L), Tween 80 (2.0 g/L) and l-phenylalanine and l-lysine (34.0 mg/L) gave a lactic acid yield of 64.86 ± 0.2 g/L, corresponding to 95.0 % of the predicted yield of 67.78 ± 0.3 g/L. Batch cultivation performed in 7.5 L bioreactor (working volume: 3.0 L) under optimized conditions gave maximum lactic acid yield and productivity of 79.12 ± 0.2 g/L and 3.40 g/L·h, which is higher than previous studies with reduced fermentation time. Screening of lactic acid producing bacteria and characterization of lactic acid was also done.

Optimal operational conditions for biohydrogen production from sugar refinery wastewater in an ASBR

The performance of biohydrogen production in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was evaluated with respect to variations in the key operational parameters – pH, hydraulic retention time HRT, and organic loading rate OLR using sugar refinery wastewater as substrate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated HRT had less significant influence on hydrogen content and yield in comparison to pH and OLR, whereas OLR has much impact on hydrogen production rate. Taxonomic analysis results showed that diverse bacterial species contributed to hydrogen production and the dominant species in the bioreactor were governed by all operational parameters. Even without pretreatment of the seed sludge, a high proportion of Clostridium spp. over the other bacterial species was observed at pH 5.5, and this is compatible with the high hydrogen productivity. Consequently, pH 5.5, HRT 10 h, and OLR 15 kg/m3 d were delineated as the optimal operational conditions for an ASBR fed with sugar refinery wastewater.

Machinability Improvement for Stainless Steel AISI 304 in Turning by Applying Magnetically Damped Cutting

Stainless steels resistance to corrosion and staining, low maintenance and familiar luster make it an ideal material for many applications. The alloy is used in cookware, cutlery, household hardware, surgical instruments, major appliances, industrial equipment (for example, in sugar refineries) and as an automotive and aerospace structural alloy and construction material in large buildings. However, machining of this material is difficult due to high cutting force, lower tool life and high intensity of chatter related to its serrated chip formation behavior. An attempt to reduce chatter and thereby increase the tool life and surface finish by employing magnetic field during turning of the material has been made. A special fixture was designed and used to mount the permanent magnet with high power of 4500 Gauss at the bottom of the cutting tool. An accelerometer was attached at the bottom of the tool holder of 120 mm overhang and connected to the vibration data acquisition system. The vibration amplitude data were recorded at in the frequency range of 0 to 5 kHz. The recorded vibration signals were analyzed using DasyLab software (version 6). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in developing the chatter acceleration amplitude models in relation to primary cutting parameters: cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Design-expert software was applied to develop the second-order models for the two peak amplitudes observed at approximately at 1 kHz and 5 kHz and to develop the contours. The adequacy of the predictive models was verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level.

Development of 216L for Conservation of Nickel & Molybdenum and its Application in Sugar Refinery Instead of 316L

Development of an austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni-Mo-Cu-N alloy 216L to substitute AISI 316L for saving a part of expensive nickel and molybdenum is described. Nickel content is reduced by 40% and molybdenum by 25% with the help of nitrogen, manganese and copper additions. Corrosion tests in boiling solutions in a variety of acidic media including oxalic, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric and chromic acids and polarization curves in acidic and chloride environment indicate similar behaviour of both grades. There is also striking similarity in pitting corrosion resistance and inter-granular corrosion resistance of the two alloys as per ASTM G-48 and ASTM A262 respectively. Both alloys exhibit excellent resistance to any staining in prolonged salt spray test. Produced by conventional EAF-AOD-CC-Steckel Mill route, the alloy exhibits surface quality comparable to AISI 316L in both hot and cold rolled conditions. Like 316L, it is equally amenable to fabrication and welding. Higher yield strength of 216L confers potential for material saving in use as compared to 316L. In the process of extracting refined sugar from raw sugar a number of chemicals are used. Accumulated scale from the equipments is periodically removed by using hot solutions containing caustic soda and soda ash followed by rinsing in solutions containing dilute hydrochloric acid and finishing with water rinse. The steel generally used is 316L and based on comparative performance of 216L this new alloy was successfully used in sugar refinery columns where it is subjected to periodic cleaning by hot salt & caustic soda solution and hot dilute hydrochloric acid.. Key words: nickel conservation, 216L austenitic stainless steel; corrosion resistance, sugar refinery

De la iglesia a la plantación: tras la huella de los betlemitas en La Habana (1704-1842)

The order of Our Lady of Belen held an important economic and social position during the colonial period in Havana, this possibility allowed the order to establish links and alliances with many different social sectors and elite groups. Complex relations between the religious order and the social and economic reality were created by these commitments, which involved the order in the management of sugar refineries, ranches and the slave trade with the purpose of carrying out its benefit commitment.

Informative providing of task of prognostication of feasibility indicators of functioning of technological complex

The article discusses the technological complex (TC) of sugar refinery, the operation of which is characterized by a system of indicators that are directly used in the information management system. Traditional methods of evaluation of technical and economic parameters are based on a retrospective analysis, i.e. on the calculations for a certain period (day, decade, month, year), which does not provide a possibility to make operational management decisions. Forecasting in the management system is a pre-planning design of multivariate models of development of the management object. Terms, volumes of work, numerical properties of the object and other indicators are of probabilistic nature and must include the possibility of making adjustments. The problem of forecasting lies in determination of the probability values of the parameters that characterize the system, and data about the future state of a system or object, based on the study of its change mechanism in past and present. The purpose of forecasting of management decisions is sciencebased tendencies of the development of quality, cost elements and other indicators

Diversity and Distribution of Methanogenic Archaea in an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) Treating Sugar Refinery Wastewater

The diversity and distribution of methanogenic archaea in a four-compartment anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating sugar refinery wastewater were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). At an organic loading rate of 5.33 kg COD/m3·day, the ABR could perform steadily with the mean chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 94.8% and the specific CH4 yield of 0.21 l/g COD(removed). The CH4 content in the biogas was increased along the compartments, whereas the percentage of H2 was decreased, indicating the distribution characteristics of the methanogens occurred longitudinally down the ABR. A high phylogenetic and ecological diversity of methanogens was found in the ABR, and all the detected methanogens were classified into six groups, including Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales, Methanobacteriales, Crenarchaeota, Arc I, and Unidentified. Among the methanogenic population, the acid-tolerant hydrogenotrophic methanogens including Methanoregula and Methanosphaerula dominated the first two compartments. In the last two compartments, the dominant methanogenic population was Methanosaeta, which was the major acetate oxidizer under methanogenic conditions and could promote the formation of granular sludge. The distribution of the hydrogenotrophic (acid-tolerant) and acetotrophic methanogens in sequence along the compartments allowed the ABR to perform more efficiently and steadily.

Applications of Thermostable Cellulolytic Bacteria to Agricultural Wastes

At the present time the demand for energy, goods and materials is surging because of advanced technology and population growth. However, the resources on earth are limited. For this reason, the issues concerning using the resources effectively and changing them into energy are important. Taiwan creates a vast amount of agricultural waste every year. Traditionally, the agricultural waste would be burned and buried. It is not only the fact that we can’t reuse and recycle the agricultural waste, but also the problem of air pollution when they were burned. Therefore, it is necessary to create a solution that can recycle and reuse the agricultural waste, and change them into energy. The agricultural waste is full of wood fiber, and it can be reduced by a microorganism method. This study will use a common agricultural waste which is cane because it is one of the main agricultural products in Taiwan. The wood fiber in cane will be added to the thermostable cellulolytic bacterial Geobacillus thermoleovorans T4 which is found from in sugar refinery wastewater found often in Southern Taiwan. The results showed that T4 can increase the rate of reducing sugar. The reduced sugar can then translate into energy. This method can help to recycle and reuse agricultural waste, and it will decrease environmental pollution.

Linking Performance with Microbial Community Characteristics in an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

The performance and microbial community characteristics of a laboratory scale anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with four compartments (C1-C4) treating sugar refinery wastewater were investigated. The COD removal was 94.8% with a CH4 yield of 0.21L g(-1) CODremoved at total organic loading rate (OLR) of 5.33kg COD/m(-3) day(-1). Fermentative bacteria were dominant in C1 and C2, while syntrophic acetogens and methanogens were dominant in C3 and C4. Some acid-tolerant methanogens were enriched in acidogenic phase. The present of the acid-tolerant methanogens could improve the efficiency and stability of the ABR as the most of the methanogens are vulnerable to low pH. In addition, high functional redundancy of the fermentative bacteria implicated that the microbial communities in acidogenic phase were stable functionally and allowed the ABR to balance perturbation. It was also found that syntrophic acetogenesis might be a weakness in the ABR as syntrophic acetogens were poor as compared with fermentative bacteria and methanogens.