Sufficient Physical Activity Research Articles

Diabetes self-management and its associated factors among patients with diabetes in central Vietnam: A cross-sectional study.

ObjectiveDiabetes self-management (DSM) enables maintenance of optimal individualized glycemic control for patients with diabetes through comprehensive lifestyle, medication adherence, and self-monitoring glucose level. This study aimed to evaluate DSM and to find associated factors among Vietnamese diabetes patients by using the Vietnamese version of Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (DSMI).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at a single hospital in the central Vietnam. DSM was assessed using the DSMI. The participant’s socio-demographic and clinical features were obtained through face-to-face interviews and medical records. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine independent factors associated with total DSMI.ResultsThe mean total DSM score based on DSMI self-administered questionnaire scores was 88.4 ± 22.1, with a range of 47 to 140. The mean self-integration, self-regulation, interaction with health professionals, self-monitoring blood glucose, and adherence to the prescribed regime were 24.8, 22.3, 21.6, 10.2, and 9.5, respectively. 48.1% of DM patients had good HbA1c control. Sex, educational status, BMI, waist circumference, medical nutrition therapy, and sufficient physical activities were factors independently predictive of DSMI total score.ConclusionThis study emphasizes that the DSM situation is seen to be average among DM patients with mean DSMI score 88.4 ± 22.1 and sex, educational status, BMI, waist circumference, medical nutrition therapy, and sufficient physical activities were independently predictive factors of DSMI total score. This evidence suggests that there is a need to enhance the effectiveness of DSM education programs among diabetic patients.

Prioritizing Components of a Dyadic Physical Activity Intervention for People With Moderate to Severe Multiple Sclerosis and Their Care Partners: A Modified e-Delphi Study.

People with moderate to severe multiple sclerosis (MS) and their family care partners do not engage in sufficient physical activity (PA) for health benefits. Dyadic PA interventions need to be developed to benefit each individual and the dyad. The objective of this study was to engage expert stakeholders in prioritizing and refining key intervention content, delivery methods, and the practical/logistical aspects of a dyadic PA intervention for persons with MS and their care partners. Thirty-two stakeholders (14 clinicians, 11 people with MS, 5 MS care partners, and 2 representatives of organizations that provide support services for people with MS and/or MS care partners) completed 2 rounds of a modified e-Delphi survey. In round 1, participants rated items across 3 domains: key intervention content (n = 8), delivery methods (n = 9), and practical/logistical aspects (n = 4). Participants contributed additional ideas about these domains, which were incorporated into round 2. Items that did not reach consensus in round 1 were forwarded to round 2 for rerating. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. A 24-item list of recommendations was generated, including ensuring that presentation of the intervention content encouraged lifestyle activities in addition to exercise, using videoconferencing rather than teleconferencing as a delivery platform, and stressing the importance of flexibility during the support calls. Feedback will be used to improve the quality of the intervention. The next step in this line of research involves evaluating the refined intervention in a pilot feasibility trial.

Move more and sit less pilot intervention for individuals with heart failure

BackgroundHigher physical activity (PA) and lower sedentary behavior (SB) have been independently associated with lower risk of Heart Failure (HF). However, few individuals with HF engage in sufficient PA to confer benefits and many engage in high amounts of SB. This this feasibility study was conducted to examine changes in steps/day and SB in response to a tailored move more and sit less intervention. MethodsThis study used a single group, pre-post study design to assess changes in steps/day, inactive time, and time in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity in individuals with HF stage C and D. Participants completed 1-week baseline assessment and an 11-week intervention. GEE Poisson model was used to evaluate the effect of intervention on change in PA and SB. Results and translational conclusionsThirteen participants with an average age of 69 ± 13 years that had been living with heart failure for 5.5 ± 4.2 years completed this intervention study. Average steps per day increased significantly over the intervention from 4778 steps/day at baseline to 5518 steps/day post-intervention. Time spent sedentary did not change. Move more and sit less interventions that include behavioral change techniques such as immediate feedback on steps can result in changes in walking behavior. Further strategies for reducing SB in this population should be explored.

EDUCATION OF FILL MY PLATE COMIC ON OVERWEIGHT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Background: In the lifestyle shift in Indonesian society, consumption patterns are high in calories, high in simple sugars, and low in fiber and not balanced with sufficient physical activity. Nutrition education can prevent the increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight. An approach to the client is needed in solving problems to change the pattern of life to be healthier and better. Students in Elementary schools tend to prefer illustration books in realistic or cartoon form. Comics have an excellent visual media function in helping to increase knowledge of balanced nutrition, and it is hoped that this will influence the behavior of balanced nutrition. The purpose is to determine the effect of providing comic education Fill My Plate on the energy of elementary school children with excess nutritional status. Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved 60 students who were divided into treatment groups by providing education on comics Fill My Plate and a control group giving education without comics Fill My Plate energy data analysis in both groups using paired t-test. Research Result: The results showed an influence between the energy before and after giving education on comics Fill My Plate in the treatment group (P = 0.000), while the control group had no effect (p = 0.897). Conclusion: Providing education using comics Fill My Plate affected reducing energy in elementary school students who have more nutritional status.

Metabolic consequences of sleep disorders. Review

Epidemiological studies have shown association of sleep disorders with adverse metabolic effects, including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults, with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Categories of sleep disorders that contributed to the above diseases included changes in sleep duration, chronic sleep deprivation and excessive sleep, changes in sleep architecture, sleep fragmentation, circadian rhythm disorders (e.g., shift work), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep and circadian rhythms modulate or control daily physiological patterns, that play an important role for normal metabolic health. Various metabolic processes, including glucose tolerance, change during the day and night and at different stages of sleep. During sleep, the utilization of glucose by the brain and activity of the sympathetic nervous system decrease, and vagus nerve tone increases. Global rates of obesity and diabetes are on the rise worldwide, and the prevalence of sleep deprivation and sleep disorders are also on the rise. The results of epidemiological and pathophysiological studies conducted in different countries among the population of different socioeconomic groups confirm that sleep disorders predispose to a higher risk of cardiometabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. There is a bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysfunction and sleep disorders. Current research data suggest that sleep is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and obesity. More clinical investigations are required to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction associated with sleep disorders and to explore the potential benefit of normalizing sleep in people with metabolic disorders. Recommendations for the optimization and hygiene of sleep, treatment of sleep disorders, along with sufficient physical activity and proper nutrition, should be included in preventive and therapeutic strategies to maintain metabolic health.

Walking and cycling for health: A multi-group analysis of path models between genders.

Walking and cycling are beneficial for urban adults' health. Transport and recreation are modifiable domains of major physical activity resources. The purposes of this study were to explore associations among psychological and environmental factors, walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life by developing a path model and comparing gender differences. A cross-sectional study. Participants were community-dwelling healthy urban adults aged 20-65 years. Data were collected between September 2019 and June 2020 by self-reported questionnaires, including health beliefs, the neighbourhood environment, walking and cycling behaviours and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale. An ANCOVA, chi-squared tests, partial least squares-path model and a multi-group analysis were performed for statistical analyses. In total, 1294 valid responses were received, which included 41.27% men and 58.73% women. Men had lower walking behaviours and better self-efficacy than women. The developed path model indicated an acceptable model fit. Significant path coefficients were found among psychological and environmental factors, walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life. The path model between men and women found no significant differences in any path coefficients. Significant path coefficients of environmental factors with cycling behaviour and of walking behaviour with quality of life were found in men but not in women. Improving individuals' health beliefs, self-efficacy and perceived walkability and cyclability is a beneficial strategy for promoting physical activity. Walking and cycling behaviours are recommended to improve the quality of life of urban adult populations. What problem did the study address? A large proportion of urban adult populations still have insufficient physical activity globally. It is essential that implications from an overall perspective of psychological and environmental factors and their interactions be integrated to develop efficient strategies for promoting physical activityand quality of life. What were the main findings? The developed path model with an acceptable model fit found that psychological and environmental factors were important in explaining urban adults' walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life. Differences were not found between men's and women's path models. Where and on whom will the research have impact? Improving urban adults' psychological and environmental factors might be an efficient strategy for promoting sufficient physical activity. Men's low engagement in walking behaviours should garner increased attention. Providing equal opportunities for both genders to engage in walking and cycling behaviours are recommended for health promotion in urban regions.

Model Predictive Control Strategies for Optimized mHealth Interventions for Physical Activity.

Many individuals fail to engage in sufficient physical activity (PA), despite its well-known health benefits. This paper examines Model Predictive Control (MPC) as a means to deliver optimized, personalized behavioral interventions to improve PA, as reflected by the number of steps walked per day. Using a health behavior fluid analogy model representing Social Cognitive Theory, a series of diverse strategies are evaluated in simulated scenarios that provide insights into the most effective means for implementing MPC in PA behavioral interventions. The interplay of measurement, information, and decision is explored, with the results illustrating MPC's potential to deliver feasible, personalized, and user-friendly behavioral interventions, even under circumstances involving limited measurements. Our analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of sensibly formulated constrained MPC controllers for optimizing PA interventions, which is a preliminary though essential step to experimental evaluation of constrained MPC control strategies under real-life conditions.

Physical Activity Behavior During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Social Support and Other Covariates.

ObjectivesThis study was performed to investigate whether social support and other psychological predictors were associated with physical activity during the prolonged social isolation due to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 494 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a diabetes specialty clinic. The questionnaire package comprised five parts, including sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, physical activity level, diabetes-specific social support, feelings of isolation, and diabetes-related distress. Clinical and hemoglobin A1c data were obtained from electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to analyze the data.ResultsApproximately 71% of the participants participated in low/insufficient levels of physical activity. The participants who received support from family/friends (odds ratio [OR] = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47 - 2.74), diabetes care team (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.77), and neighbors (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.20 - 2.08) were more likely to have sufficient physical activity than those who did not receive these supports. There was also an association between physical activity behavior with feelings of isolation and diabetes distress.ConclusionsThis study points to the importance of social support as an amplifier mechanism for the maintenance of physical activity behavior in individuals with T2D during critical times.

Prevalence of Inadequate Vitamin D Intake and Status, and Determining Factors for Serum Vitamin D Deficiency

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D intake and status among residents in the urban area of Sao Paulo municipality, Brazil, and to verify the factors associated with this status.MethodsData from 288 individuals ≥19 years old were obtained from the cross-sectional study 2015 Health Survey of Sao Paulo with a focus on Nutrition (ISA-Nutrition), a cross-sectional study. Serum vitamin D levels (25(OH)D3) were assessed by chemiluminescent immunoassay (Diasorin kit, Stillwater, MN, USA). Dietary intake including supplements use was measured using two 24-h dietary recalls. The prevalence of inadequate intake was estimated according to National Center Institute method. The receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated to assess the intake information performance on serum status. Associations between serum vitamin D status and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsThere was observed a high prevalence of inadequate dietary vitamin D intake in the population (male: 87.5–99.4%; female: 92.4–99.8%). Women were more susceptible to deficient serum status than men (male: 59.4–89.0%; female: 83.0–93.8%), and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency occurred during the winter (male: 86.9–100.0%; female: 91.4–100.0%). Vitamin D intake had inefficient performance in correctly identifying individuals with serum deficiency (area under curve < 0.50), except among individuals 19–30 years old. Individuals with sufficient leisure physical activity had 57% lower risk to have serum vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.032).ConclusionsThere was a high prevalence of inadequate status and intake of vitamin D among residents of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Findings indicate that the dietary intake was not a good parameter to assess the serum vitamin D status, and the practice of sufficient leisure physical activity showed to be a protective factor to serum vitamin D deficiency, probably due to greater sun exposure.Funding SourcesSão Paulo Municipal Health Department, FAPESP, CNPq.

1438-P: Association between Screen Time, Including That for Smartphones, and Overweight/Obesity among Children in Japan

The association between screen time (ST) , including that for smartphones, and overweight/obesity (OW/OB) in children was examined separately for boys and girls, considering the influence of lifestyle factors including diet, physical activity, and sleep time. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2242 Japanese children (1278 girls) aged 10-14 years. OW/OB was defined by the International Obesity Task Force. Logistic regression analysis showed that only for girls, total ST (≥4h) , smartphone ST (≥3h) and non-smartphone ST (≥2h) were all independently and significantly associated with overweight/obesity compared to &amp;lt;2h total ST, non-use of smartphones, and &amp;lt;1h non-smartphone ST. In girls with total ST ≥5h or &amp;lt;4h or smartphone ST &amp;lt;2h, the association between ST and OW/OB was not affected by physical activity or sleep time. On the other hand, when total ST was 4-5h or smartphone ST was ≥2h, the significant association with OW/OB disappeared when physical activity was ≥60 min/day and sleep time was ≥8.5h. In addition, none of these associations were significant in boys. In Japanese girls, smartphone ST, non-smartphone ST, and total ST were all significantly associated with OW/OB. To avoid OW/OB, it is suggested to keep smartphone ST, non-smartphone ST, and total ST to &amp;lt;3h, &amp;lt;2h, and &amp;lt;4h, respectively, and to engage in sufficient physical activity and sleep time. Disclosure K. Fujihara: None. S.Y. Morikawa: None. H. Ishiguro: None. M.H. Yamada: None. C. Horikawa: None. Y. Ogawa: None. H. Sone: Research Support; Astellas Pharma Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.

The Effects of a Physical Education Intervention Program on the Bone Properties of Second- and Third-Grade Pupils: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Many young children do not participate in sufficient physical activity for promoting optimal bone growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of young children who participated in a school-based intervention program on bone properties. The program included structured physical activity, with a focus on the application of mechanical loads on the upper and lower limbs. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which classes were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. A total of 295 (50.17% girls) children from the second and third grades from 12 classes in Israel were randomly allocated to an intervention consisting of three 10-minute weekly medium- to high-intensity activities throughout one academic year or to a treatment as usual control group. Bone properties were measured at the distal radius and tibia shaft using speed of sound, before and after the intervention. Distal radius properties improved significantly for both boys and girls in the intervention group (boys: meanpre = 3769.95, meanpost = 3875.08, Δ = 2.80%; girls: meanpre = 3766.27, meanpost = 3890.83, Δ = 3.30%; d = 1.03); whereas, tibia shaft properties only significantly improved for boys (meanpre = 3663.98, meanpost = 3732.75, Δ = 1.90%; d = 1). These findings indicate that distal radius properties of children can be positively affected by a short, easy to implement intervention program that does not require special resources.

Establishing Levels of Perceived Benefits and Barriers from Exercising By Female Students at University of “Ss. Cyril &amp; Methodius” – Skopje

Many individuals are not engaged in sufficient physical activity due to low perceived benefits and high perceived barriers to exercise. Given the increasing incidence of obesity and obesity-related health disorders, this topic requires further exploration. The research goal was to establish what factors, according to students' perceptions, appear as the greatest benefits from and heaviest barriers for exercising, as well as establish the correlation between these per- ceived benefits and barriers, and the level of physical activity. Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale was used to assess per- ceived benefits and barrier intensities to exercise in 514 female university students (mean age 19.3 years, SD=1.06), taken from several faculties at the University of “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” in Skopje. The research results show that the female respondents who study at the university perceive much more benefits than barriers to exercising. The calcu- lated relation of benefits/barriers with this sample presents 1.39. The observed highest benefit that the female re- spondents have perceived is the “psychological benefit”, followed by the advantage related to the improved physical performance, improvement of life quality, social interaction, and health prevention. Physical tension and lack of time were graded considerably higher against the other two subscales of assessing the perceived barriers to exercising. The respondents with high physical activity have significantly higher results in the scales and subscales of assessing the perceived benefits and lower results in the scales and subscales of assessing the perceived barriers to exercising than those with a moderate and low level of physical activity. The implications of the research in elaborating the strategies and educative programs for promoting physical activity show the importance of increasing the relation benefits/barriers with the female respondents. The applied interventions should help female students to overcome the feelings of discomfort of physical tension during exercising (reducing the perceived barriers) and to emphasize health and other benefits of regular exercising (increasing the expected benefits).

1060-P: Exploring Differences in the 24-Hour Glucose Cycle by Physical Activity Level in Women with Pregnancy Hyperglycemia

Physical activity (PA) improves glucose levels. PA’s impact on the 24-hour glucose cycle in pregnancy hyperglycemia is unknown. This study examined baseline data from women participating in a small pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial. At baseline, they completed a survey which included the Stanford Leisure-Time Activity Categorical Item (L-Cat) for comparison to national PA recommendations. PA over the past month was assessed. Dexcom G6 CGMs linked to blinded receivers were worn for 7 days. Typical 24-hour glucose functions were estimated with B-splines and generalized regression analyses controlling for gestational diabetes (GDM) conducted in JMP. CGM was available for 14 participants; 4 (29%) had GDM and 3 (21%) reported meeting PA recommendations. Mean glucose was 91.5 mg/dl (SD 17) for sufficient PA and 93.6 mg/dl (SD 20) for insufficient PA. Figure 1 displays the 24-hour glucose functions (3rd degree polynomials with 17 knots) for sufficient PA (red) versus insufficient PA (blue) . Lower glucose was observed in the early morning, i.e., from midnight through approximately 6am and likely fasted, in sufficient versus insufficient PA, but the difference did not attain statistical significance. Glucose was higher in those with GDM, controlling for PA (P &amp;lt; .05) . Findings in a small sample of women with pregnancy hyperglycemia suggest that PA may improve early morning glucose. Disclosure S.F.Ehrlich: None. B.G.Rand: None. N.Zite: None. K.B.Fortner: Other Relationship; Pfizer Inc. A.M.Paudel: None. C.Peterson: None. J.M.Maples: None. Funding K01DK105106

The Relationship between Exercise Self-Efficacy, Intention, and Structural Barriers for Physical Activity after a Cancer Diagnosis

Simple SummaryDespite numerous benefits of physical activity for cancer patients, the majority is insufficiently active. Previous research has shown that structural barriers negatively affect patients’ physical activity behavior. Identifying underlying mechanisms could help to develop effective strategies that alleviate those barriers and increase physical activity levels. In the current survey study, we investigated whether cancer patients’ self-efficacy, i.e., their confidence in their ability, and their intention to exercise mediated the relationship between structural barriers and physical activity. The results revealed a negative relation between structural barriers and patients’ self-efficacy. Lower self-efficacy, in turn, decreased patients’ intention and their likelihood to engage in physical activity. This mediating effect especially applied to those individuals who were sufficiently active before the diagnosis. Thus, the findings suggest that interventions directly addressing the perception of structural barriers or patients’ self-efficacy in dealing with these barriers might be effective in improving the physical activity levels of cancer patients.Previous research has shown that structural barriers negatively influence the physical activity (PA) behavior of cancer patients, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential mediating role of social-cognitive factors, namely PA self-efficacy and PA intention in this context. A total of 856 cancer patients completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic and medical characteristics, pre- and post-diagnosis PA, PA self-efficacy, PA intention, and PA impediment by structural barriers. A serial mediation model was used to test whether the association between structural barriers and post-diagnosis PA was mediated by PA self-efficacy and/or PA intention, in the overall sample and in subsamples defined by individuals’ pre-diagnosis PA. The results confirmed that structural barriers were not directly (95%CI [−0.45; 0.10]) but indirectly associated with post-diagnosis PA. Higher impediment by structural barriers decreased the likelihood of sufficient post-diagnosis PA via lower PA self-efficacy (95%CI [−0.25; −0.06]) and via the serial pathway of lower PA self-efficacy and lower PA intention (95%CI [−0.19; −0.05]). Investigating differences in these mediations by pre-diagnosis PA yielded significance only among previously active cancer patients. Both structural barriers and PA self-efficacy might hence be relevant target points for interventions aiming to improve PA behavior, especially among pre-diagnosis active cancer patients.

Effects of hindlimb suspension on development of proximal and distal femur morphological abnormalities in growing rats.

Although morphological abnormalities of the femur are known predisposing factors for numerous musculoskeletal disorders, the etiology of these abnormalities is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether femoral morphogenesis is affected by hindlimb suspension (HS) in growing rats. We used 41 four-week-old female rats in this study. In the HS groups, rats were suspended from their tails for 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Age-matched animals were used as controls. We examined morphological indices of the femur using three-dimensional reconstructed images from X-ray computed tomography. The femoral neck anteversion angle (AVA) was higher with growth in the experimental groups and did not differ in control groups. The AVAs in the HS groups were larger than controls at any time point. In the control groups, the trochlear angle (TA) was higher, rotating inward with growth, but did not differ in the HS groups. The TAs in the HS groups were smaller and rotated more outward compared with the control groups at any time point. The height ratios of the medial and lateral condyles (MC/LC), an asymmetry index, were larger in the HS groups compared to controls at any time point. There were strong relationships between proximal (AVA) and distal morphologies, such as the TA (Spearman's coefficient [rs ] = -0.80, p < 0.001) and MC/LC (rs = 0.79, p < 0.001). Our data suggest that sufficient physical activity in early life may protect against morphological femur abnormalities associated with hip and knee joint diseases.

Аналіз теоретичних основ організації адаптивної фізичної рекреації студентів у вітчизняних закладах вищої освіти

The purpose of the study was to describe the analysis of scientific literature on the problem of organization of adaptive physical recreation of students in Ukrainian institutions of higher education. Scientifically determined, that healthy persons need natural motor activity, and for persons with disabilities it is the opening of new opportunities for a positive change in their physical, biological and social status, these are: independence and self-confidence, expanding the circle of knowledge and communication, change in value orientations, enrichment of the spiritual world, improvement of motor abilities, increase in vitality, physical and mental health. One of the promising areas for meeting these social problems and avoiding the manifestation of negative consequences for this specified contingent is an adaptive physical recreation in the conditions of an institution of higher education, which allows: psychological relief, compensation for insufficient level of motor activity of students, improvement of their health, formation of motivational-value attitude, organization of meaningful leisure, empowerment of self-determination, self-improvement and implementation of equal rights and opportunities in order to increase the level of social integration. A real flaw in the system of physical education in Ukrainian universities is the actual absence of a clear legislative and normative regulation of the organization for adaptive physical recreation, as a component of adaptive physical education. Adaptive physical recreation, despite the wide range of available research materials, requiring high-quality processing and substantiation of the order of organization and scientific support of the functioning of the studied direction of physical education. Organization of health-improving and recreational activities of students in the system of adaptive physical education of higher education institutions involves observance of determined goals, objectives, methods, means, forms and procedures for organization of motor activity during student’s leisure. Conclusion. It is established that the organization of health and recreational activities of students in the system of adaptive physical education of higher education institutions is aimed at strengthening the health of students with disabilities, improving mental and physical performance and basic professional competencies of future professionals, forming a philosophy of healthy living influence on its components, which consists in the rational organization of free time, meeting the natural need for sufficient physical activity, enjoying meaningful leisure

The impact of self-efficacy on physical activity in the elderly

Background: Sufficient physical activity is a lifestyle that must become a habit in the elderly so that it can reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to determine the correlation self-efficacy with physical activity in the elderly.Methods: The research study design was cross sectional on 106 elderly people aged &gt;60 years in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Collecting data by interview using the global physical activity questioner (GPAQ) and the self-efficacy for exercise scale (SEE). Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically; the relationship was obtained if p&lt;0.05.Results: Most of the respondents have high physical activity (58%), 29% have medium physical activity, and 13% have low physical activity. There is a correlation between self-efficacy and physical activity (r=0.60, p=0.000). In addition, there is also a correlation between comorbidities (r=0.33, p=0.018) and occupation (r=0.631, p=0.000) with physical activity.Conclusions: Sufficient physical activity influenced by self-efficacy, occupation, and comorbidities as much as 40% and 60% explained by others.

Analysis of factors associated with arterial stiffness in the general working-age population

Aim. To examine associations of cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) with classical, behavioral and social risk factors (RFs) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adult population.Material and methods. The study included 1365 people (women, 59%) from a representative sample aged 25-64 years (ESSE-RF), who underwent standard cardiology screening and volume sphygmography (VaSera-1500). All respondents signed an informed consent to participate in the study. The analysis included blocks of classical, social and behavioral risk factors for CVD. A linear model was used to identify associations. An error rate of &lt;5% was considered significant.Results. Age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides were associated with higher CAVI values, and body mass index (BMI) was associated with lower values, respectively. After 45 years, a direct association with heart rate (HR) became increasingly important, while after 50 years — with diabetes and the intake of beta-blockers, while the association between diabetes and CAVI was observed only among individuals not taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. A direct association was found with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in men, and an inverse association with diuretics in women, respectively. A sedentary work in combination with a history of bronchitis or with positive family history for CVD showed a direct relationship, while a sufficient physical activity (PA) showed an inverse relationship with the studied indicator, but only among people with belowaverage income.Conclusion. According to the data obtained, in addition to age and sex, the following risk factors made a significant contribution to CAVI parameters in the examined population: BMI, SBP, triglycerides, diabetes, HR, intake of betablockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors; hsCRP, PA. The unfavorable role of betablockers, high HR, diabetes, sedentary work, chronic lung pathology, hereditary burden, as well as the protective role of ACE inhibitors, diuretics and intense PA in relation to arterial stiffness in the working-age population has been shown. Additional studies are needed to determine the nature of a number of associations. The results obtained may contribute to the study of CAVI role in risk stratification and further development of methodological approaches to CVD prevention.

Are Machine Learning Models on Wrist Accelerometry Robust against Differences in Physical Performance among Older Adults?

Sufficient physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of a myriad of diseases and preserves physical capabilities in later life. While there have been significant achievements in mapping accelerations to real-life movements using machine learning (ML), errors continue to be common, particularly for wrist-worn devices. It remains unknown whether ML models are robust for estimating age-related loss of physical function. In this study, we evaluated the performance of ML models (XGBoost and LASSO) to estimate the hallmark measures of PA in low physical performance (LPP) and high physical performance (HPP) groups. Our models were built to recognize PA types and intensities, identify each individual activity, and estimate energy expenditure (EE) using wrist-worn accelerometer data (33 activities per participant) from a large sample of participants (n = 247, 57% females, aged 60+ years). Results indicated that the ML models were accurate in recognizing PA by type and intensity while also estimating EE accurately. However, the models built to recognize individual activities were less robust. Across all tasks, XGBoost outperformed LASSO. XGBoost obtained F1-Scores for sedentary (0.932 0.005), locomotion (0.946 0.003), lifestyle (0.927 0.006), and strength flexibility exercise (0.915 0.017) activity type recognition tasks. The F1-Scores for recognizing low, light, and moderate activity intensity were (0.9320.005), (0.840 0.004), and (0.869 0.005), respectively. The root mean square error for EE estimation was 0.836 0.059 METs. There was no evidence showing that splitting the participants into the LPP and HPP groups improved the models’ performance on estimating the hallmark measures of physical activities. In conclusion, using features derived from wrist-worn accelerometer data, machine learning models can accurately recognize PA types and intensities and estimate EE for older adults with high and low physical function.

Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Identify Physical Activity After Total Hip Arthroplasty

ObjectiveTo develop clinical prediction rule (CPR) of physical activity 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA). DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingUniversity hospital with orthopedic surgery. ParticipantsThe study group included 321 patients (56 men) who underwent primary THA (N=321). InterventionNot applicable. Main Outcomes MeasuresThe data collected included age, body mass index, clinical score from the questionnaires, hip pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and Physical functions (10-meter walk test [10MWT], timed Up and Go test, sit-to-stand test). Patients were classified into sufficient and insufficient activity groups based on their University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score 1 year after THA. Variables measured preoperatively and 3 weeks postoperatively were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods to derive CPR for physical activity. ResultsA CPR was developed using the following 5 factors and cutoffs: age 70.5 years or younger, preoperative UCLA activity score ≥3.5, preoperative hip abduction strength ≥0.54 Nm/kg, preoperative knee extension strength ≥1.04 Nm/kg, and 10MWT ≤8.49 seconds 3 weeks after surgery. The presence of 4 of the 5 factors predicted a sufficient physical activity level at 1 year, with a positive likelihood ratio of 5.94 and probability of 85.4%. The presence of 5 predictor variables increased the probability of sufficient physical activity after THA to 94.7%. ConclusionsThis study developed a CPR for physical activity 1 year after THA. Having 4 or more of the 5 measurements were useful indicators for predicting of physical activity 1 year postoperatively.