Successful Retrieval Research Articles

Development of a predictive model for increasing sperm retrieval success by microdissection testicular sperm extraction in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia.

Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is widely used to treat nonobstructive azoospermia. However, a good prediction model is required to anticipate a successful sperm retrieval rate before performing micro-TESE. This retrospective study analyzed the clinical records of 200 nonobstructive azoospermia patients between January 2021 and December 2021. The backward method was used to perform binary logistic regression analysis and identify factors that predicted a successful micro-TESE sperm retrieval. The prediction model was constructed using acquired regression coefficients, and its predictive performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. In all, 67 patients (sperm retrieval rate: 33.5%) underwent successful micro-TESE. Follicle-stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and inhibin B levels varied significantly between patients who underwent successful and unsuccessful micro-TESE. Binary logistic regression analysis yielded the following six predictors: anti-Müllerian hormone (odds ratio [OR] = 0.902, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.821-0.990), inhibin B (OR = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.001-1.024), Klinefelter's syndrome (OR = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.002-0.243), Y chromosome microdeletion (OR = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.005-0.504), cryptorchidism with orchiopexy (OR = 0.085, 95% CI: 0.008-0.929), and idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia (OR = 0.031, 95% CI: 0.003-0.277). The prediction model had an area under the curve of 0.720 (95% CI: 0.645-0.794), sensitivity of 65.7%, specificity of 72.2%, Youden index of 0.379, and cut-off value of 0.305 overall, indicating good predictive value and accuracy. This model can assist clinicians and nonobstructive azoospermia patients in decision-making and avoiding negative micro-TESE results.

Successful retrieval of migrated and embedded fully covered self-expanding metal stent using "snare and lithotripter" technique.

A 52-year-old woman with benign perihilar left intrahepatic duct stricture underwent repeated stricture dilation and multiple plastic stent placements. Subsequently, an 8 mm × 12 cm multi-hole fully covered self-expanding metal stent (MH-FCSEMS) was inserted. Six months later, she had abnormal liver biochemistry. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) revealed supra-papillary stent migration and tissue ingrowth at the proximal end ([Fig. 1]). Cholangioscopy (SpyGlass System; Boston Scientific Corp., Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) showed that the stent lumen was obliterated by stone cast ([Fig. 2]). Stent removal with forceps and snare failed. The patient was referred to our center for a second opinion.

Successful Magseed localisation and retrieval following extended periods post-implantation

Successful Magseed localisation and retrieval following extended periods post-implantation

Cognitive ERCP: decision making during successful retrieval of proximally migrated biliary stent.

Video 1Cognitive ERCP: decision making during successful retrieval of proximally migrated biliary stent.

Single trial variability in neural activity during a working memory task reveals multiple distinct information processing sequences

Successful encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of information stored in working memory requires persistent coordination of activity among multiple brain regions. It is generally assumed that the pattern of such coordinated activity remains consistent for a given task. Thus, to separate this task-relevant signal from noise, multiple trials of the same task are completed, and the neural response is averaged across trials to generate an event-related potential (ERP). However, from trial to trial, the neuronal activity recorded with electroencephalogram (EEG) is actually spatially and temporally diverse, conflicting with the assumption of a single pattern of activity for a given task. Here, we show that variability in neuronal activity among single time-locked trials arises from the presence of multiple forms of stimulus dependent synchronized activity (i.e., distinct ERPs). We develop a data-driven classification method based on community detection to identify three discrete spatio-temporal clusters, or subtypes, of trials with different patterns of activation that are further associated with differences in decision-making processes. These results demonstrate that differences in the patterns of neural activity during working memory tasks represent fluctuations in the engagement of distinct brain networks and cognitive processes, suggesting that the brain can choose from multiple mechanisms to perform a given task.

Clinical outcomes of AngioJet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis.

The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism (PE). However, filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation. Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy (ART) and catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) can treat filter-related caval thrombosis, but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined. To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis. In this single-center retrospective study, 65 patients (34 males and 31 females; mean age: 59.0 ± 13.43 years) with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022. These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group (n = 44) or the CDT group (n = 21). Clinical data and imaging information were collected. Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate, periprocedural complications, urokinase dosage, incidence of PE, limb circumference difference, length of stay, and filter removal rate. Technical success rates were 100% in the AngioJet and CDT groups. In the AngioJet group, grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26 (59.09%) and 14 (31.82%) patients, respectively. In the CDT group, grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11 (52.38%) patients and 8 (38.10%) patients, respectively (P > 0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment (P < 0.05). The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08 (0.02, 0.25) million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50 (1.17, 1.83) million U in the CDT group (P < 0.05). Minor bleeding was shown in 4 (19.05%) patients in the CDT group, and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). No major bleeding occurred. Seven (15.91%) patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1 (4.76%) patient in the CDT group had bacteremia. There were 8 (18.18%) patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4 (19.05%) patients in the CDT group before the intervention (P > 0.05). Computed tomography angiopulmonography (CTA) showed that PE was resolved after the intervention. New PE occurred in 4 (9.09%) patients in the AngioJet group and in 2 (9.52%) patients in the CDT group after theintervention (P > 0.05). These cases of PE were asymptomatic. The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group (11.67 ± 5.34 d) than in the AngioJet group (10.64 ± 3.52 d) (P < 0.05). The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10 (47.62%) patients in the CDT group and in 15 (34.09%) patients in the AngioJet group (P > 0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17 (80.95%) out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42 (95.45%) out of 44 patients in the ART group (P > 0.05). The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16 (13139) d in the CDT group and 59 (12231) d in the ART group (P > 0.05). Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis, AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects, improve the filter retrieval rate, reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.

Retrieval of a Cook Celect inferior vena cava (IVC) filter after prolonged dwell time of 5,117 days: Factors to consider for retrieval of long-dwell IVC filters.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are used in certain patients to help prevent the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE). IVC filters are generally recommended to be removed once PE prophylaxis is no longer required. Long-dwelling IVC filters are associated with higher complication rates (Vasa 2020; 49: 449), being more difficult to retrieve and associated with higher retrieval complications (Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2016; 6: 632). This report describes the pre-procedural work-up and removal of an IVC filter with a prolonged dwell time of 5,117 days (14 years, 3 days) using the loop snare advanced retrieval technique. As far as the authors are aware this case is the longest-described successful retrieval of a Cook Celect IVC filter at 5,117 days.

Nomogram based on a circular RNA biomarker for predicting the likelihood of successful sperm retrieval via microdissection testicular sperm extraction in patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia.

Many circular RNAs (circRNAs) are specifically expressed in the testes and seminal plasma of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), highlighting them as potential predictors of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) outcomes. Although research has indicated that circular RNA monoglyceride lipase (circ_MGLL) is highly expressed in the testicular tissues of patients with NOA, the association between circ_MGLL expression and sperm retrieval outcomes (SROs) in patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (iNOA) receiving micro-TESE remains unclear. This single-center, retrospective cohort study enrolled 114 patients with iNOA who underwent micro-TESE at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from January 2017 to November 2021.A logistic regression model was used to examine associations between SRO and circ_MGLL expression in testicular tissues, the results of which were used in conjunction with previous findings to establish a nomogram. The predictive performance of the circ_MGLL-based nomogram was evaluated via calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) using an internal validation method. The generalized additive model indicated that the probability of successful SRO for micro-TESE decreased as circ_MGLL expression increased in testicular tissues. Across the entire cohort, univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that circ_MGLL expression was inversely associated with SRO in patients with NOA. This trend did not change after stratification according to age, body mass index, testicular volume, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level, luteinizing hormone (LH) level, testosterone (T) level, or pathological type (or after adjusting for these confounders) (odds ratio <1, P < 0.001). A nomogram was then generated by integrating circ_MGLL, pathological types, and FSH, LH, and T levels. The circ_MGLL-based predictive model achieved satisfactory discrimination, with an area under the curve of 0.857, and the calibration curves demonstrated impressive agreement. The DCA indicated that the net clinical benefit of the circ_MGLL-based predictive model was greater than that of circ_MGLL alone. circ_MGLL is significantly associated with the SRO of micro-TESE in patients with iNOA. The circ_MGLL-based nomogram developed in the current study can predict successful SRO with high accuracy.

Access Site Complication—Successful Retrieval of Retained Radial Sheath

Access Site Complication—Successful Retrieval of Retained Radial Sheath

Inhibin B-to-Anti-Mullerian Hormone Ratio as Noninvasive Predictors of Positive Sperm Retrieval in Idiopathic Non-Obstructive Azoospermia.

The lack of clinically useful biomarkers for predicting micro-TESE outcomes in males with idiopathic NOA. To find clinically reliable serum reproductive hormone markers to predict the outcome of sperm retrieval in men with idiopathic NOA undergoing micro-TESE. We analyzed the clinical data of 168 men with idiopathic NOA treated with micro-TESE. The clinical predictors of a successful sperm retrieval were put to the test using logistic regression analysis. The clinical net benefit was calculated using a decision-curve analysis, and the predictive power of each variable was assessed using the ROC-derived area under the curve. Between positive group and negative group for sperm retrieval, there was a statistically significant difference in INHB, AMH, and INHB/AMH. AMH, INHB, and INHB/AMH were each independent predictors of successful sperm retrieval, with INHB (OR1.02, p = 0.03), AMH (OR0.85, p = 0.01), INHB/AMH (OR1.08, p &lt; 0.01). The ROC curve determined the optimal cut-off values for serum INHB and INHB/AMH in positive sperm retrieval patients undergoing micro-TESE. 21.51 pg/mL was the cut-off value for INHB. The cut-off value for INHB/AMH was 3.19, which had a 86.3% sensitivity and a 53.8% specificity. Using INHB and INHB/AMH prior to micro-TESE sperm retrieval in idiopathic NOA patients improved the net benefit of positive sperm retrieval, and the net benefit score of INHB/AMH was better than that of INHB, according to decision analysis curves. Serum INHB have predictive value for sperm retrieval outcomes in idiopathic NOA patients undergoing micro-TESE. Combining INHB and AMH, INHB/AMH seems to be a better predictor.

Correlation of Serum FSH and Rate of Testicular Sperm Retrieval in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia.

Sperm retrieval from men with azoospermia has evolved in recent times, providing patient hope for fulfilling their dream of having their own genetic child through testicular sperm extraction followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (TESE-ICSI). In the present study, we are correlating the serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and the rate of testicular sperm retrieval. To correlate the serum FSH levels with surgically retrieved sperms from testes in non-obstructive azoospermia. Sixty-six men presenting with male infertility, diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia based on standard guidelines were included in the study. The surgically retrieved tissue was washed in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) gamete buffer media and scanned under an inverted microscope at ×400. Outcome analysis was assessed through sperm retrieval rate. Testicular sperms were successfully retrieved in 62% (41/66) of men. Sperm retrieval rate (SRR) with FSH values (Group A <10, Group B 10-20 and Group C >20) mIU/mL were 84% (26/31), 75% (12/16) and 15% (3/19), respectively. Chances of sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia using surgically retrieved sperm are as common for men with FSH levels <10 mIU/mL with 84% (26/31) retrieval as for the borderline 10-20 mIU/mL FSH levels with 75% (12/16) retrieval. We do have retrieved sperms with >20 IU/mL serum FSH also which is not a contradiction for TESE for such patients; however, such patient's need to be counselled about the chances of successful sperm retrieval and the consequent pregnancy outcomes.

Successful surgical retrieval of intestinal linear foreign body in a Persian cat: A case report

Successful surgical retrieval of intestinal linear foreign body in a Persian cat: A case report

Sex differences in longitudinal changes of episodic memory-related brain activity and cognition in cognitively unimpaired older adults with a family history of Alzheimer’s disease

Episodic memory decline is an early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) – a neurodegenerative disease that has a higher prevalence rate in older females compared to older males. However, little is known about why these sex differences in prevalence rate exist. In the current longitudinal task fMRI study, we explored whether there were sex differences in the patterns of memory decline and brain activity during object-location (spatial context) encoding and retrieval in a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Novel or Experimental Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease (PREVENT-AD) program who are at heightened risk of developing AD due to having a family history (+FH) of the disease. The goal of the study was to gain insight into whether there are sex differences in the neural correlates of episodic memory decline, which may advance knowledge about sex-specific patterns in the natural progression to AD. Our results indicate that +FH females performed better than +FH males at both baseline and follow-up on neuropsychological and task fMRI measures of episodic memory. Moreover, multivariate data-driven task fMRI analysis identified generalized patterns of longitudinal decline in medial temporal lobe activity that was paralleled by longitudinal increases in lateral prefrontal cortex, caudate and midline cortical activity during successful episodic retrieval and novelty detection in +FH males, but not females. Post-hoc analyses indicated that higher education had a stronger effect on +FH females neuropsychological scores compared to +FH males. We conclude that higher educational attainment may have a greater neuroprotective effect in older +FH females compared to +FH males.

Successful surgical retrieval of intestinal foreign body in a Labrador dog: A case report

Successful surgical retrieval of intestinal foreign body in a Labrador dog: A case report

Fractured guide wire in the main pancreatic duct during ERCP: A case report

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an excellent endoscopic method with a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic utility. The most common complication is post-ERCP pancreatitis with a reported incidence of 3.5% followed by cholangitis, cholecystitis, gastrointestinal bleeding and duodenal perforation. Uncommon complications of the procedure reported in the literature include contrast allergy, cardio-pulmonary compromise, problems related to instruments such as impaction of a retrieval basket, fractured guidewire in the biliary or pancreatic channel, extravasation of contrast medium into the duodenal wall, splenic hemorrhage, hepatic trauma and complications related to the electrosurgical risk. We present a case of a 37-year old woman referred to the Department of Abdominal Surgery because of severe abdominal pain and jaundice. Medical personal history of the patient was normal and she denied taking any medication. Following radiological and laboratory analysis, ERCP was completed. In our first attempt to selectively cannulate the CBD, unintentionally a guide wire passed in the main pancreatic duct. Attempting to retract the guide wire under fluoroscopy surveillance, the guide wire was fractured and fragments were left in the main pancreatic duct. Removal of the fragments was unsuccessful in several attempts. Consecutively, selective cannulation of the main pancreatic duct with placement of the pancreatic stent 5Fr/5cm was performed and careful cannulation of CBD was achieved. After the sphincterotomy, the biliary sludge and microlites were dispatched into the duodenum. The pancreatic stent was removed seven days later and patient underwent cholecystectomy four months later. No complications related to the procedure were revealed during the 24months of follow-up. A fractured guide-wire during the ERCP is an uncommon event that can occur during the selective cannulation of the common bile duct or pancreatic duct as in our presented case. However, data regarding the guidewire fracture during the ERCP are scarce since it is an uncommon occurrence. Our case is an example of rare and unusual complication during the ERCP, which was managed conservatively at our unit. Based on our research successful retrievals of the fractured guidewire from the main pancreatic duct are rarely reported and we found only two cases in the available literature. Concordantly with our case, acute and long-term pancreatico-biliary complications were not reported in previously published case reports with retained guide wire during the ERCP as we found only one case report in which authors report development of cholangitis related to the fracture of the hydrophilic guidewire. However, rare but serious life-threatening complications that can occur during the ERCP procedure should be identified in a timely manner and treated accordingly. Fractured guide wire during the ERCP is very uncommon complication of the procedure with only few cases reported in the literature. Our experience suggests that no adverse sequels were triggered by the wire pieces left in the main pancreatic duct as the patient remained asymptomatic 2years after the guide wire fracture.

Denali Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval: Complications and Success Rates.

The present study was to evaluate the outcomes of Denali filter retrieval. We retrospectively reviewed 143 patients who received Denali filter insertion from September 2015 to April 2020. Ninety-seven patients who required removal of the filters were include in this study. Filters were retrieved with either standard or advanced techniques. Venography before and after retrieval was obtained to evaluate technical success, complications and duration of filter insertion. All 97 filters were retrieved successfully without complications. Ninety-two (94.8%) were retrieved with standard technique and 5 filters (5.2%) required the advanced technique. There were two cases with a filter angle greater than 15 degrees. Inferior vena cava penetration was shown in 17 patients (17.5%) on venography but was not associated with contrast media extravasation after filter removal. The Denali filter showed a high rate of successful retrieval without complications. This study adds value to previous studies and trials showing that the Denali filter is a reliable and safe filter that can potentially improve retrieval rates, with increasing use of this device.

SphereVLAD++: Attention-Based and Signal-Enhanced Viewpoint Invariant Descriptor

LiDAR-based localization approach is a fundamental module for large-scale navigation tasks, such as last-mile delivery and autonomous driving, and localization robustness highly relies on viewpoints and 3D feature extraction. Our previous work provides a viewpoint-invariant descriptor to deal with viewpoint differences; however, the global descriptor suffers from a low signal-noise ratio in unsupervised clustering, reducing the distinguishable feature extraction ability. In this work, we develop SphereVLAD++, an attention-enhanced viewpoint invariant place recognition method. SphereVLAD++ projects the point cloud on the spherical perspective for each unique area and captures the contextual connections between local features and their dependencies with global 3D geometry distribution. In return, clustered elements within the global descriptor are conditioned on local and global geometries and support the original viewpoint-invariant property of SphereVLAD. In the experiments, we evaluated the localization performance of SphereVLAD++ on both the public <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">KITTI360</i> dataset and self-generated datasets from the city of Pittsburgh. The experiment results show that SphereVLAD++ outperforms all relative state-of-the-art 3D place recognition methods under small or even totally reversed viewpoint differences and shows 7.06% and 28.15% successful retrieval rates with better than the second best. Low computation requirements and high time efficiency also help its application for low-cost robots.

Successful Nonoperative Management of a Sigmoid Colon Perforation Caused by a Migrated Biliary Stent

CASE REPORT Endoscopic biliary stents have been routinely used for the treatment of various hepatobiliary diseases. Complications from biliary stent placement may include cholangitis, bleeding, stent migration, or perforation. A 94-year-old woman with a history of gallstones presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain for 1 day with markedly elevated liver enzymes. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was consistent with choledocholithiasis and biliary duct dilation. The patient underwent an uneventful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for sphincterotomy, stone extraction, and 10 F × 7 cm common bile duct (CBD) stent placement. Repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for CBD stent retrieval failed to identify the previously placed CBD stent. A computed tomography scan revealed that the stent perforated the lateral wall of the sigmoid colon. Emergent flexible sigmoidoscopy was undertaken. Endoscopically, the distal edge of the stent seemed to have perforated the sigmoid colon, as evidenced by nonvisible flanges (Figure 1). The flanges on the proximal edge were seen but seemed to have caused mild mucosal injury. The stent was retrieved endoscopically in its entirety. An over-the-scope clip was attempted for both defects; however, the proximal site injury was significantly fibrotic, which instead required 8 through-the-scope clips to ensure a high degree of closure in this elderly patient to avoid the need for surgical intervention. An over-the-scope clip at the distal injury site was successfully placed. Postendoscopic contrast examination did not show any extravasation (Figure 1). The patient was treated with empiric antibiotics and discharged the following day in stable condition.Figure 1.: Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed the stent had perforated the sigmoid colon (a). After successful retrieval of the stent (b), an over-the-scope clip was placed at the distal injury site (c). Postendoscopic contract examination showed no extravasation.Bowel injury is a rare complication of biliary stent placement occurring in less than 1% of migrated stents. Stent migration should be suspected when a previously placed stent is not identified on endoscopic examination, and a cross-sectional imaging should be promptly ordered for investigation. Multidisciplinary evaluation including surgical consultation should be pursued, yet situational awareness is critical. In select situations, endoscopic clip closure may resolve colonic perforation. Flexible sigmoidoscopy stent retreival and endocopic clip closure. Watch the video at https://links.lww.com/ACGCR/A33 and https://links.lww.com/ACGCR/A34. DISCLOSURES Author contributions: E. Kwong edited the video, collected data, and wrote the manuscript. K. Jones collected data and edited the video. S. Park and K. Kwok edited the manuscript and video. K. Kwok is the article guarantor. Financial disclosure: None to report. Informed consent was obtained for this case report.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Percutaneous Cystolithotripsy for Vesicle Calculus in Children: A Single-Center Study

Background: Primary bladder stones are common among children from developing countries but may be difficult to cure. Transurethral cystolithotripsy, open cystolithotomy, and shock wave lithotripsy are the treatment modalities for vesical calculi in children. Transurethral lithotripsy is less efficient in children because of the small caliber of the urethra. PCCL is a less intrusive and efficient procedure for removing bladder stones in pediatric patients. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of PCCL in children with bladder stones in third-world nations. Materials and Methods: There was a search for( PCCL) in pediatric individuals diagnosed with vesical calculus. 90% male and 10% female total of 120 patients enrolled in the single-center trial at the Department of Pediatric Urology at the Institute of Kidney Diseases between January 2021 to January 2022. The surgery was performed under a general anesthetic. After a thorough inspection, a suprapubic puncture of the lower urinary tract (by cystoscopy) was done. The tract was only dilated up to 14 Fr. The stone was fragmented using pneumatic lithotripsy after passing the nephroscope. After 36 hours per urethral catheter was removed. Results: In this study, the mean age of the patients was 4.2.14 years. The majority of patients were kids. The average gem was 9.3 millimeters in diameter. Successful stone fragmentation and retrieval took place in an average of 40 min. The only major problems seen during or after surgery were hematuria, infection, and moderate mucosal injury; all three were managed conservatively. In 108 out of 120 cases (90%), ammonium acid urate was found to be the primary constituent of the stones and the core. Conclusion: The success rate of percutaneous cystolithotripsy in the treatment of bladder stones in children is higher, and it is ready for immediate use. The operation is quick and causes minimal discomfort. Keywords: Effectiveness, Percutaneous , Cystolithotripsy, Vesical Calculus, Children

A Case of Bilateral Bronchial Foreign Body

Foreign body (FB) aspiration remains a serious health problem, particularly in children. The complications due to occlusion by FB or related to procedures for removal can lead to morbidity and mortality. Most of the FBs are located in the unilateral bronchus, however, the organic FB can be multiple or bilaterally located when children chewed the FB. Here, we present a case of successful retrieval of bilateral bronchial FBs. Preoperatively, FB in the left main bronchus was diagnosed, however, FB of the right upper bronchus was not definitive on X-ray and CT scan. During the rigid bronchoscopy, occult FB in the right upper bronchus was detected and successfully removed.