Substation Site Research Articles

A federal learning and PointCNN‐based approach to substation site safety control

AbstractAiming at the problem of low detection accuracy due to insufficient feature extraction of point cloud information in the 3D scene of substation by the existing methods, this article proposes a safety control method based on joint learning and PointCNN for the substation site. First, voxel filtering and statistical filtering methods are used to appropriately simplify the point cloud data, and the point cloud is smoothed using the moving least squares method. Second, the PointCNN's substation site safety control model is designed under the federal learning (FL) framework, and in the first stage, the cross self‐attention module (CSA) is introduced, as well as the point cloud features are extracted by the CSA module to help the model in the encoding process, and the point cloud features are extracted using the PointCNN by extracting the semantic features of each point, performing the prospective point separation and extracting the pre‐selected frames. In the second stage, features are extracted from each candidate box by point cloud region pooling operation, and the global semantic features obtained in the first stage are used for feature fusion in combination with other relevant point features in the enveloping box (local spatial point features, Li‐DAR distance‐depth information, laser reflection intensity etc.), and the classification header and regression header are used for the optimization of the 3D enveloping box and the prediction of the confidence level. Finally, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has the highest accuracy in the case of relatively low running time, and the APs for the medium difficulty scenario targeting pedestrians, transformers, bushings, and GIS equipment are 63.98%, 85.29%, 57.11%, and 69.23%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively improve the safety control ability at substation sites.

Electrical Substation Design for Safety, Reliability and Sustainability

Abstract: Electrical substations’ design is critical for safe, efficient and reliable electricity distribution. Safety and operational flexibility demand for optimized layout design. The fundamental ideas and elements of creating an efficient electrical substation structure that guarantees reliability and maximum performance. Selecting the optimum substation site in industrial operations necessitates a delicate balance of safety, efficiency, and environmental sensitivity. The main ideas and considerations that support the optimization of electrical substation design have been painstakingly addressed in this paper. Adequate space and smooth grid connectivity improve distribution efficiency and allow for future growth. Regulation adherence and effective security measures ensure ethical and secure siting. Adequate assessment of electromagnetic and radio interference is essential. Substation placement optimization connects industrial competence with environmental responsibility in this sophisticated decision-making process, establishing a healthy balance for reliability and sustainability. Beginning with the careful selection of a site that strikes a delicate balance between closeness to power sources and environmental sensitivity, each decision has far-reaching consequences for the grid's integrity. The thorough layout of equipment provides not only performance but also ease of maintenance, thus increasing the operational flexibility and reliability of the substation.

Analysis of multiple-faults of high-voltage circuit breakers based on non-negative matrix decomposition

High-voltage circuit breakers are the core equipment in power networks, and to a certain extent, are related to the safe and reliable operation of power systems. However, their core components are prone to mechanical faults. This study proposes a component separation method to detect multiple mechanical faults in circuit breakers that can achieve online real-time monitoring. First, a model and strategy are presented for obtaining mechanical voiceprint signals from circuit breakers. Subsequently, the component separation method was used to decompose the voiceprint signals of multiple faults into individual component signals. Based on this, the recognition of the features of a single-fault voiceprint signal can be achieved. Finally, multiple faults in high-voltage circuit breakers were identified through an experimental simulation and verification of the circuit breaker voiceprint signals collected from the substation site. The research results indicate that the proposed method exhibits excellent performance for multiple mechanical faults, such as spring structures and loose internal components of circuit breakers. In addition, it provides a reference method for the real-time online monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers.

PROPERTY ENHANCEMENT OF VANADIUM DOPED SILICON CARBIDE: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY

Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are those semi-conductor that show magnetic behavior when some impurities are doped in them. The DMS has an application in spintronic devices. Among all the materials for DMS SiC is a promising one as it shows stronger coupling and high Curie temperature so it is very useful for spintronics. One of the important polytypes of SiC is cubic silicon carbide. In this paper, we investigate when one of the TM vanadium (V) when doped with 3C-SiC studied by using the first principle energy code, Quantum Espresso which uses pseudopotential within DFT. Here we observe when V is doped with a Si substation site of 3C SiC then two deep levels will be introduced one is deep donor and another deep acceptor state. When vanadium doped with C substitution site of 3C-SiC half-metallic character introduced. Again here also calculate formation energy for both before and after relaxation. The calculation of formation energy indicates V impurity prefers the Si site to C site in cubic SiC.

Optimal siting of substations of traction power supply systems considering seismic risk

The traction power supply system (TPSS) is a critical infrastructure that provides electrified railways with power. However, its safe and reliable operation is threatened by earthquake disasters. Due to the strong randomness, uneven spatial distribution, and destructive risk of earthquake disasters, it is crucial to develop reasonable planning schemes to mitigate seismic risks of the system. This paper proposes a substation optimal siting method considering seismic risks. By establishing the chain circuit model of the TPSS and employing the dynamic power flow calculation method, the power loss of the system is obtained. By integrating the earthquake scenario simulation and substation fragility analysis, the substation seismic risk is calculated through Monte Carlo simulation. On this basis, the optimization model for substation site selection is formulated, aiming to minimize both the system power loss and the substation seismic risk while adhering to constraints of construction cost, operating safety, and geographical locations. The Pareto optimal solutions are then obtained. Simulation analysis based on actual system parameters shows that compared with traditional site selection methods, the proposed method can effectively mitigate system seismic risks while considering system power loss, providing theoretical bases for the disaster prevention and mitigation in the TPSS planning.

Construction and Verification of Two-dimensional Surface Hydraulic Calculation Model

Accurate calculation and prediction of the surface water flow process in the substation and surrounding area is of great significance for on-site flood control and disaster reduction of the substation. Aiming at the dynamic process of surface water flow, this paper simulated the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of surface water flow by establishing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation model. Based on the N-S equation, a finite volume integral method is used to discrete the governing equations. On this basis, a hydrodynamic model for two-dimensional numerical simulation of surface water flow is constructed, and the basic governing equations for two-dimensional surface shallow water movement are derived. Based on the Toce River physical model and water flow control experiment, the corresponding conceptual model is established. On this basis, the measured data are used to verify the constructed two-dimensional surface hydrodynamic calculation model. The results show that the model can better simulate the process of surface water flow and describe its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. The research results will provide effective technical support for substation site flood warning and prevention.

Semantic Segmentation of Substation Site Cloud Based on Seg-PointNet

3D point cloud semantic segmentation has been widely used in industrial scenes and has attracted continuous attention as a critical technology for understanding the intelligent robot scene. However, extracting visual semantics in complex environments remains a challenge. We propose the Seg-PointNet model based on multi-layer residual structure and feature pyramid for the LiDAR point cloud data semantic segmentation task in the complex substations scene. The model is based on the PointNet network and introduces a multi-scale residual structure. The residual structure multilayer perception (RES-MLP) model is proposed to fully excavate features at different levels and improve the characterization capabilities of complex features. Moreover, the 3D point cloud feature pyramid module is proposed to characterize the substation scene’s semantic features. We tested and verified the Seg-PointNet model on a self-built substation cloud point (SCP) dataset. The results show that the proposed Seg-PointNet model effectively improves the point cloud data segmentation accuracy, with an accuracy of 89.23% and mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 63.57%. This shows that the model can be applied to substation scenarios and provide technical support to intelligent robots in complex substation environments.

Fault Diagnosis of Transformer focusing on Circulating Current

Transformers may fail due to damage during transportation, deterioration over time, overvoltage and so on. The frequency response analysis (FRA) is attracting attention as a method of electrically diagnosing the transformer. However, the FRA has the disadvantage that somebody must go to the sub-station site for FRA testing and the timing of applying the measurement is not certain. We are investigating the sensing method for the condition of the transformer by using a circulating current flowing in a delta winding. In general, the circulating current has high frequency components like third order, fifth order and so on. When the transformer has faults like a winding short circuited, the magnitude of the high frequency component of the circulating current will change. In case the circulating current in a delta winding is monitored, we will have the signal whether the transformer has faults or not. In this paper, a self-made three-phase tripod transformer was used to measure the circulating current at windings short circuited. To measure the circulating current of the delta winding, it was able to detect even the one turn winding short circuited.

Insulator Contamination Grade Recognition Using the Deep Learning of Color Information of Images

To implement the non-contact detection of contamination on insulators, a contamination severity assessment methodology using the deep learning of the colored image information of insulators can be used. For the insulator images taken at the substation site, a mathematical morphology-improved optimal entropic threshold (OET) method is utilized to extract the insulator from the background. By performing feature calculations of insulator images in RGB and HSI color spaces, sixty-six color features are obtained. By fusing the features of the two color spaces using kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), fused features are obtained. The recognition of contamination grades is then accomplished with a deep belief network (DBN) that consists of a three-layered restricted Boltzmann machine. The experimental results of the images taken on-site show that the fused features obtained by the KPCA can fully reflect the contamination state of the insulators. Compared with the identification obtained using RGB or HSI color-space features alone, accuracy is significantly improved, and insulator contamination grades can be effectively identified. The research provides a new method for the accurate, efficient, and non-contact detection of insulator contamination grades.

Application of smart substation site management system based on 3D digitization

In order to standardize the construction of smart construction site of substation, meet the requirements of observable, measurable and controllable whole process of project technology, safety, quality, progress and procurement, and realize the goal of lean management and control, this paper expounds the concept of smart construction site from four aspects: Framework Construction of smart construction site, platform and module construction of smart construction site, mechanism construction and pilot application. This paper puts forward an overall scheme of smart substation construction site based on 5g technology, which combines big data, artificial intelligence, state perception and video recognition technology to solve the multi-dimensional management requirements of safety, quality and progress during construction. The intelligent site visualization platform is established and integrated with 3D model to realize 3D visualization display of site information.

Simulation and Analysis of Geomagnetically Induced Current Levels in Shandong Power Grid

AbstractGeomagnetically induced current (GIC) in utility systems such as electric power grids occurring during extreme geomagnetic storms can exceed the tolerance limit of the systems, which can cause serious system damages. It has therefore been important to evaluate the GIC levels in the utility systems. This study presents the simulation and analysis of GIC levels in the Shandong 500 kV power grid system consisting of 34 substations under a variety of uniform induced geoelectric fields. The line type, substation grounding resistance, and other influencing factors are included in the simulations. The results show that the GIC level varies largely in the 34 substations. In 11 substations, the GIC exceeds 100 A and it reaches up to ∼200 A in two substations for an assumed 1 V/km induced electric field. The changes in the GIC distribution are found consistent with the direction changes of the electric field. Utilizing the directional sensitivity, we calculate the maximum GIC level for the optimum direction for all substations. By combining this information with statistical tools, we propose a method for identifying the key substations which are most vulnerable. The result can provide suggestions for GIC disaster prevention and mitigation, substation site selection, monitoring equipment installation, and so on, in Shandong province.

Substation Location Selection Using GIS and Improved Matter-Element Extension Method

In order to overcome the subjectivity and limitations of traditional substation site selection methods, and to achieve efficient and visualized substation site selection, this study conducted five candidate site locations to avoid the red line area in the geographic information system, then conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the site’s economics. Using the improved matter-element model, an evaluation index system for substation site selection was established covering four intermediate levels of poor geological treatment costs, vertical layout, policy compensation and special costs, and divided into five evaluation levels: excellent, good, average, and poor, Difference, and then determine each section domain and the object to be evaluated, use programming software to calculate the maximum correlation degree of the five areas to be selected for A, B, C, D, E are 0.9118, 0.8172, 0.9202, 0.9485, 0.8557. Respectively belong to the five levels of poor, general, general, poor, and general. Finally, in the GIS system, according to the economic efficiency of site selection from high to low, it corresponds to “cyan-blue, green, yellow, orange and red” in a gradual colour sequence for the five site selection areas Colouring. The results prove that this method has better early warning and auxiliary decision-making functions for substation site selection.

Research On Auxiliary Decision-making Technology In the Early Stage of Power Network Base On Multi-plan Integration

Under the current national comprehensive promotion and deployment of “building territorial spatial planning system and supervise its implementation” background, power network planning and construction must be based on the “multi-plan integration”, in line with the requirements of territorial spatial planning. This paper puts forward the construction scheme of the “early stage of power network auxiliary decision-making tool basing on multi-plan integration”. This tool is based on GIS technology to realize the intelligence, visualization and refinement of substation site and network path selection, which can solve the problem that at present, the grid planning is not coordinated, and inconsistent with other planning, and help improve the efficiency of power network planning and construction.

Research on System Architecture of Internet Data Center Construction in Substation based on Ubiquitous Function

Substation has the advantages of having spare area, close to users, rich communication resources, reliable power supply. By releasing substation site resources, data centers and cloud services can be provided to the society. Construction of Internet Data Center (IDC) with the idle substation resources to realize multi-station integration will economize on social costs and accelerate the development of the digital infrastructure. In this paper, we analysed the participants involved in the expansion data center of the substation. Explore relations among Grid Company, Telecom Operator and User. According to the time sequence of the development of multi-station fusion business, the business time sequence diagram of the substation extended data center station covering the whole business process was designed. Considering the business flow, information flow, and energy flow flows between each section, the dynamic sequence diagram was built. We build the system architecture of business implementation including construction, operation, settlement and other links.

Research and Application of Substation Site Maintenance Assistant Safety Management System Based on Computer Control System

With the continuous development of China’s economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, people’s demand for power energy is increasing, directly promoting the continuous expansion of China’s power system construction. However, the increasing number and scale of transformer substations have also increased the complexity and difficulty of their maintenance work. In recent years, the auxiliary safety management system based on new communication technology has been put forward and applied, which has improved the safety level of transformer substation maintenance work to some extent and reduced the probability of related safety accidents. This paper will start with the existing problems in the process of transformer substation maintenance at this stage, and mainly discuss the auxiliary safety management system of maintenance and its application.

Application of Wireless Positioning Technology in Risk Management and Control of Substation Operation Site

the Construction of Smart Grid Puts Forward Higher Requirements for the Safe Operation of Substation, But There Are Still Some Hidden Dangers of Human Factors in the Current Operation of Substation. the Safety Management System of Substation Operation Based on Wireless Positioning Technology Can Avoid the Influence of Human Factors by Technical Means. Based on the Analysis of the Special Requirements of Operation Safety Management in Substation Site, It is Pointed out That Css Broadband Wireless Positioning Technology is Suitable for Substation Application Because of Its High Positioning Accuracy, Strong Anti-Interference Ability and Reasonable Price. the Work Flow and Application of the Substation Operation Safety Management System Are Described.

Research on the Effect of Plant Boundary Conditions on Noise Attenuation in UHV Substations

Accurately analyzing the influence of the terrain environment of the plant boundary on noise transmission and attenuation can not only give guidance for the substation site selection and station layout optimization, but also provide theoretical basis for noise abatement after the substation has been put into operation. In this paper, by applying sound level meters to test the sound pressure of the main equipment in the substation and the noise around the plant boundary, the noise characteristics of main transformers and shunt reactors, as well as the noise distribution around the plant boundary were analyzed, thus concluding that the noise at the plant boundary is mostly derived from the main equipment within the substation. While taking the layout of the Zhebei UHV Substation as an example, this paper chose the SoundPLAN software to simulate and calculate the noise attenuation law under seven terrain conditions outside the plant boundary, and finally such a proposition as the low-lying terrain and the raised hilly terrain can best interrupt the noise transmission was made. The conclusions of this paper can provide a theoretical reference for site selection of new substations and optimizing the terrain structures of substations in operation.

Research on Beidou and GPS dual satellite positioning algorithms for substation site positioning

With the rapid development of global satellite navigation system technology, multi-mode satellite navigation positioning technology that can be compatible with multiple navigation systems at the same time is bound to become the future development trend. Compared with the single-mode navigation system, the multi-mode navigation system has many advantages, such as a large number of visible stars, a wide coverage, high positioning accuracy, and good reliability. Based on this, this paper applies Beidou and GPS dual-satellite positioning algorithms in substations and studies its key technologies. Specifically, with the aid of MATLAB to solve the Beidou double satellite positioning, GPS positioning results, and the big dipper, GPS double satellite positioning in two times, four times, eight times more weight under the condition of coordinate values and the actual coordinates on the x, y, and z axes deviation were compared. The results pointed out that GPS and Beidou double satellite single point positioning effect would be different under different weights. Therefore, in the actual positioning, the positioning effect of the algorithm can be improved by adjusting the weight. In order to test the feasibility of the proposed Beidou and GPS dual satellite positioning algorithms, positioning experiments were carried out, and the results were compared with the single satellite positioning results. The results showed that the curves of Beidou and GPS dual satellite positioning algorithms were highly fitting to the actual curves, confirming the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. This study aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of substation positioning and navigation for the development of domestic power transformation.

Research on Transient Electromagnetic Detection Method for Substation Site Selection

A transient electromagnetic detection method for site selection of substation grounding is proposed in this paper. And taking the fault detection experiment of transmission lines in a certain area of China as an example, the transient electromagnetic technology is used to obtain high-quality images reflecting the development trend and distribution of geological faults. The results show that the transient electromagnetic method is a convenient and effective way for substation site selection.

Enhancement of Application Model for Substation Site Selection

The existing ESASIRF program (Transmission Line Route Selection Application Model and Development of Environmental Sensitive Area (ESA) Safe and Intelligent Route Finder (ESASIRF) and integration with PLS-CAD) does not cover substation selection and environmental protection. It focuses only on an assessment of the risk of landslides concerning the proposed route of transmission. This study presents the potential of an integrated system using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques in substation selection to develop an automatic and intelligence method for substation planning in this specific delicate area of the environment. During the selection of the proposed substation, a social impact assessment was also included in this research by defining requirements, problems as well as suitable mitigation measures. With this research, all spatial data for South Putrajaya is acquired and the previous system can be fully utilized. Spatial data from this research were also used to define soil type and flood-prone areas. Finally, this system will be used to assist TNBs in gazetting by applying sustainable concepts in their Transmission Route and Corridor by following Section 21 and Section 22 ACT 172 1973.