Substantive Structure Research Articles

Лингвопрагматическая характеристика аннотаций массовых открытых онлайн-курсов (на материале немецкого языка)

The aim of the research is to provide a linguistic-pragmatic characterization of annotations of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as a type of text. The article analyzes the semantic and linguistic content of the elements comprising MOOC annotations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in offering a comprehensive linguistic characterization of MOOC annotations in the German language for the first time. The research findings establish that MOOC annotations are secondary reproductive texts that provide a recipient with brief information about the content and structure of the primary MOOC text. They are hybrid formations, combining features of academic and popular scientific discourses, as well as techniques typical of advertising and hospitality discourse practices. The substantive structure of MOOC annotations is more diverse than their compositional structure. Not all content components are strictly tied to specific compositional elements; they may be repeated in different variations within the same text. The choice of linguistic means in MOOC annotations largely depends on the communication style preferred by the course creators and the intended target audience.

Linguoculturological Character of Somatic Phraseological Units with the “Head” Component (based on Turkic (Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir) and English)

The aim of the work is to be guided by the anthropological position of «the human factor in language» in the anthropocentric paradigm of modern scientific research, the study of the concept of «language is a constitutional property of a person» through language, the formation of a holistic theory and theoretical and methodological form of unity of «language and man, language and the world». In this regard, the main focus and significance of the article is to consider the language from the point of view of the «language code» through the triad «human studies – language – World Studies». The authors pay special attention to the vision and cognition of the world, understanding and perception of the world by the Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir and English peoples, as well as to ensure that the world of images and standards, stereotypes and symbols in the context of cultural traditions is reflected in the language and fixed in the meaningful subtext of language units in the form of background knowledge. The article analyzes the somatic phraseology of the «head» component in the linguistic and cultural aspect. Through them, the similarities and identities of the representatives in the systems of figurative thinking, attempts to know the world, life experience, customs and consciousness are revealed and were used as the material of the article. The analysis of the content of phraseological units related to the triad «Humanity – Language – World Science» has been carried out. The article uses the method of comparing somatic phraseological units at the inter-lingual level. The results of the study – in the semantic and substantive structure of somatic phraseology, presented in different languages, an archaic knowledge base is accumulated, which is caused by a person's self-awareness and the desire to thoroughly know other objects in the world through himself. The practical value of the work is the study of national and cultural features that contribute to the implementation of intercultural, interethnic communication between related and non-related languages. In the conclusion of the work, the somatism «head» is divided into several categories. The phrases used in Turkic and English languages reveal a lot of similarities in the ways and semantic features of the word «head». In particular, if the similarities between the Turkic languages say that their tendency to exist is due to a common culture, the phraseology used in unrelated Turkic and English languages shows evidence that the function of the «head» in any people is to the same extent.

“Decolonisation” and “Africanisation” of Knowledge: Politico-Ideological or Educational Concepts?

This paper argues that decolonisation and Africanisation of the curriculum are problematic concepts that appeal more to political sentiments than present an academic discourse. First, the concept of decolonisation is used in a narrow sense relating only to the effects of the post- Berlin Conference of 1884 and similar forms of subjection of indigenous peoples to foreign domination and excludes other forms of colonisation, the subjugation of the other, which manifests in elite, class, gender and other forms of segmental colonisation. Secondly, the simultaneous use of decolonisation and Africanisation as transformation is inappropriate because the two do not lead to the same result. Besides adopting a narrow conception of decolonisation, Africanisation of the curriculum is just as chauvinistic in practice as colonisation itself; and also fails to distinguish between the normative and epistemic dimensions of knowledge production. While not denying the role of the sociology of knowledge in epistemology, the paper maintains that one cannot decolonise or Africanise the curriculum and still retain both the colonial framework and the substantive structure. That would be simply engaging in semantics and not in substance. The paper further maintains that scholarship and knowledge production are universal practices; and Africa has made serious contributions to knowledge and scholarship outside of the discourse of decolonisation and Africanisation. Therefore, while both concepts might appeal to sentiment, practically they are unimaginable. A more appropriate conceptualisation would be “internationalisation and advancing Africa’s contribution to the global movement for change in the academy, and by extension in the curriculum.”

Revising the trait model of the alternative model of personality disorders: Comment on Clark and Watson's structural review.

In their review of examination of the self-report Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5; PID-5) factor structure and joint factor analysis of this instrument with other self-report measures of personality and psychopathology, Clark and Watson (2022) make argument for a set of modifications to the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD)-the AMPD-5.1. In this commentary we offer opinion that their proposed modifications to the AMPD are problematic. In particular, we express concern that their modifications are based solely on research that uses a single instrument to measure the model and that this instrument employs a self-report measure methodology. We argue further that this method of assessment is vulnerable to response bias which could potentially alter the substantive structure of the model. We suggest that any proposed revised model should also be informed by other forms of measurement (e.g., informant report and structured interviews). In addition, we also argue that the best approach to delineating the universe of pathological personality traits should also include clinician input. Such input would maximize the clinical utility of any revised model. We believe that to propose a modified model that is based on self-report only and does not include other sources of information is presumptive and premature. At best, we think that Clark and Watson (2022) have only provided suggestions for a revision and expansion of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (i.e., the PID-5.1). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

COLOROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE OF THE BUILDING SITE

The paper considers the approach to the formalization of the colorimetric (color) atlas of the construction site (СABS), which is determined by the subject area at the intersection of disciplines: materials science, structural mechanics and machine mechanics, technical condition control, photogrammetry, pattern recognition theory. Each of the above applied areas contains its own knowledge base, various information technologies that take into account the characteristics of each of them. The procedure of forming the concept of color atlas of the construction site in the intellectual information environment in construction, its features and composition, the difference from the usual procedures of forming the knowledge system, as well as the proposed and described approach to its study, the information interaction of the intellectual environment of the object object of construction. The possibility of constructing different formalizations of СABS on the basis of ontological and semantic graphs and the graph of the construction site image is shown. The problems that arise in the process of formalization and analysis of СABS in order to search for image elements are identified and described. The substantive structure of СABS and the equivalence of СABS graphs are determined, taking into account the possibility of introducing similarity measures. СABS in terms of pragmatic classification is a specialized finding of elements on construction sites. The work is performed in the framework of cluster analysis and focuses on the development of methods for constructing algorithms for recognition and identification of construction sites. For the described transformations, research was conducted on their observation in digital images, as well as the possibility of observing the invariants of transformations. The work was performed for СABS in order to determine the possibility of building its information model, taking into account the development of methods for constructing algorithms for recognition and identification on construction sites. The possibility of constructing СABS on the basis of a set of images is investigated, the possibility of corresponding visualizations of СABS СABS as a means of categorization is established.

Defect engineering of ultrathin 2D nanosheet BiOI/Bi for enhanced photothermal-catalytic synergistic bacteria-killing

Optical antibacterial agents present great potential in eliminating infectious pathogens. It is of great significance to construct effective photonic antibacterial agents with outstanding light absorption properties. Herein, 2D engineering defect nanosheets BiOI/Bi with Bi decoration and defect engineering (BiOI-DE) are constructed to perform photonic sterilization. On the one hand, the rational designed BiOI-DE can effectively promote the broad-spectrum light absorption ability to enhance the light utilization rate. On the other hand, the substantive structure can simultaneously harvest the enhanced photonic carriers and thermal effect when irradiated with high penetration ability NIR, further exhibiting higher activity in killing Escherichia coli (E. coli) than that of single BiOI with poor light absorption. The sterilization efficiency is over 99%. Moreover, the causes of the photothermal effect are discussed, indicating that the change of BiOI bandgap and surface bismuth decoration displays a critical role in enhancing light absorption and creating heat energy. In the meantime, the structural advancement of BiOI-DE effectively improves the photocatalytic activity, the synergistic photothermal-catalytic process establishes a favorable condition for improving antibacterial performance. This system provides rational design and potential inspiration for high efficient antibacterial strategy by employing defect engineering approaches.

The Dichotomy Between Overcriminalization and Underregulation

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) failed to properly investigate Bernard Madoff’s multi-billion-dollar Ponzi scheme for over ten years. Many individuals and charities suffered devastating financial consequences from this criminal conduct, and when eventually charged and convicted, Madoff received a sentence of 150 years in prison. Improper regulatory oversight was also faulted in the investigation following the Deepwater Horizon tragedy. Employees of the company lost their lives, and individuals were charged with criminal offenses. These are just two of the many examples of agency failures to properly enforce and provide regulatory oversight, with eventual criminal prosecutions resulting from the conduct. The question is whether the harms accruing from misconduct and later criminal prosecutions could have been prevented if agency oversight had been stronger. Even if criminal punishment were still necessitated, would prompt agency action have diminished the public harm and likewise decreased the perpetrator’s criminal culpability? Criminalization and regulation, although two distinct systems, can be evaluated from the perspective of their substantive structure—a universe of statutes or regulations; as well as their enforcement procedures—the prosecution of crimes or enforcement of regulatory provisions. The correlation between criminalization and regulation is less noticed, however, as the advocacy tends to land in two camps: 1) those advocating for increased criminalization and regulation; or, 2) those claiming overcriminalization and overregulation. This Article examines the polarized approach to overcriminalization and underregulation from both a substantive and procedural perspective, presenting the need to look holistically at government authority to achieve the maximum societal benefit. Focusing only on the costs and benefits of regulation fails to consider the ramifications to criminal conduct and prosecutions in an overcriminalized world. This Article posits a moderated approach, premised on political economy, that offers a paradigm that could lead to a reduction in our carceral environment, and a reduction in criminal conduct.

Lexical and stylistic means of the texts of election debates as one of the ways of communicative impact upon electorate

This article is dedicated to the description of results acquired in the course of conducting lexical-semantic analysis of the texts of televised election debates. Speech of the candidates of the head of the Fifth Republic in the course of election campaigns of 2012 and 2017 served as the material for this study. The goal lies in examination of the ways of influencing the potential voters using the linguistic means. The authors carried out e lexical-semantic-stylistic analysis of research material, as well as explored substantive structure of the selected texts. The article also analyzes content of the speech of televised election debates, presented by the combination of the conveyed explicit and implicit information. The work also includes a summary table that demonstrates nuclear lexemes of the juxtaposed semantic complexes of texts. The results obtained in the course of lexical-semantic-stylistic analysis confirm the authors’ assumption that the texts of televised election debates contain semantic dichotomies that are one of the ways of influencing the electorate.

Phantom structure: A representational account of floating tone association

This paper focuses on the association of floating tones. One type we call "phonological association", where the tone-bearing unit (TBU) the floating tone associates to is determined by the phonological grammar, e.g. to a default position like a stressed syllable or domain edge. We contrast this with another type we call "targeted association", whereby the floating tone targets a numerical position , e.g. a floating H associates to the fourth TBU of the stem. Targeted association is idiosyncratic to the sponsoring morpheme, and does not necessarily target a default position. Such data have been taken as evidence for counting in grammar. Instead, we propose a novel representation we call "phantom structure", without counting. Phantom structure formalizes the observation that certain morphemes require structure to be present in order for their floating tone to be realized, but cannot provide this structure themselves. Under the targeted association type, the floating tone is pre-associated to a specific position in the phantom structure. We show that a simple grammar with two partially overlapping correspondence relations - substantive input and output structure (SubO-CORR) and phantom and output structure (PhO-CORR) - derives the association of the floating tone to the equivalent numerical position in the output as in the phantom plane input.

Development of concept essential in kinematic topics

Essential concepts were important aspects in physics education, especially in the study of learning development, student evaluation, and curriculum planning. Several types of concept analysis models are commonly applied in the context of physics, i.e. sematic network techniques, concept formation (concept analysis), concept maps, and representing substantive structure. The stages of essential concept development were concept analysis, concept map and essential concept. The research method used development research. The stages of development research included (1) the preliminary study phase, (2) the development study phase, (3) the evaluation phase. The main results of this study were essential concepts on the topic of Kinematics.

Komunikacja wizualna w nauce o zarządzaniu na przykładzie posteru naukowego

Visual communication in management science based on the example of scientific poster The article describes the essence of visual communication and the tools for its design, including the reason for addressing these issues in management sciences. The scientific poster is presented as an example of the use of visual communication presents. The results of research on critical analysis of the literature in the field of management and applied arts, including graphics and related sciences covering issues related to visual communication design, were presented. The research shows that in the literature on scientific posters there are publications which only describe the correct substantive structure, i.e. the content, and when it comes to the issues of visual communication (tools), they are very inaccurate and unreliable, or even misleading.

Teachers’ critical interculturality understandings after an international teaching practicum

ABSTRACT Using a critical approach, we studied the intercultural understandings of Canadian teachers who participated in a 3-week international teaching practicum in Kenya, 5–6 years before. Critical interculturality was used as the theoretical lens to explore the impact on teaching, constructions of identity, and power relations. We argue that while this international teaching practicum provided an ‘awareness’ of the Other, it functioned within a neo-liberal, object-based framework that failed to address systems of power, and, in some ways, perpetuated colonial perspectives. Participants in this study were able to question power relations but lacked the support needed to develop a critical understanding of their own positionality and how power works in intercultural encounters. If international teaching practicums are to continue, we suggest that participants and facilitators be supported in developing critical perspectives related to these issues. This will necessarily require the maintenance of long-term equitable relations with host communities. We conclude by offering substantive curriculum and programmatic structure recommendations for international/overseas teacher education programs.

Цифровая модель Арктики

The authors describe the results of the research’s initial stage devoted to developing a multidimensional space-time model of the Arctic region, viewed as a voluminous area of space north of the northern latitude’s 60th degree, as well as new methods and tools necessary for the formation and functioning of this model. An idea of the nature and properties of the developed model is given. The substantive and logical structure of the model data, location of the sources for the most important characterizing features of the arctic areas; data coordination; methods and software; model building, projecting and integration of thematic data; modification and analysis of digital models, methods of reproduction and design options of virtual models geoimages are discussed. The article gives the examples of the model’s geoimages visualization. The research relevance and importance for the implementation of innovative approaches to the study, development and environmental management of the Arctic are highlighted.

Is Jung Existential or Not? Reflections on Temporality and Everydayness

This article contrasts Jung’s theoretical position with existential philosophy, mainly Martin Heidegger’s ideas. The intent of Heidegger’s magnum opus, Being and Time, was to discover the primal ground, the arché, of ideas. In his eyes, that quest failed, resulting in a turn toward a more hermeneutic approach, aimed toward disclosing the Being of beings. This endeavor, for Heidegger, is never final. A basic precept of existential thought is that “existence precedes essence.” An ultimate lack of substantive structure entails a sense of contingency and openness, providing the ground of human freedom. This diverges sharply from Jung’s theoretical writings, because he generally held to a belief in archetypes: inherent, underlying structures or ideal forms related to Platonic ideas. Moreover, temporality and awareness of death are at the core of most existential thought. This involves an openness to the vicissitudes of time, with a consequent existential anxiety. In contrast, throughout most of his life, Jung privileged an “eternal” or “timeless” aspect of existence, presumably manifested in preexisting archetypal structures, while devaluing the “personal unconscious.” For Jung, the personal unconscious is the realm of the everyday time of our existence, mainly serving to set the stage for the emergence of a timeless archetypal realm. The author, a Jungian analyst, proposes that Jung’s view of temporality seems diametrically opposed to existential theory and practice, which focus on the “time of our lives,” as beings who inevitably must die.

Интеллектуальная компетенция школьников в контексте литературного образования: содержательный аспект

The term ‘intellectual competence’ is defined in the context of literary education of school students. The research presents and describes the substantive structure of the above-mentioned skill developed in literature classes based on person-centered, activity-based, cultural, axiological, and competency-based approaches according to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary (Complete) General Education. The characteristics of the levels (threshold, higher, highest ones) of school students’ intellectual competence development in relation to Literature are revealed. The criteria, indicators and diagnostic tools for a competence under review are generalized and determined. The authors argue that the development of the intellectual competence in literature lessons helps school students acquire the ability and readiness to seek and analyze information, use new technologies to digest it, apply their own learning techniques as well as lead to the willingness to be involved in activities, cooperation, and reflection.

Online Newspapers Portrayal of Arab Female Athletes in Rio 2016 Olympics: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis

Rio 2016 Olympics witnessed an unprecedented increased participation of Arab female athletes, many of whom unconventionally competed in games that are stereotypically categorized as male-appropriate/dominated. This reflects an ideological change in the substantive structure of sport as a male site, marking a new era for women’s empowerment in the Arab world. The current study explores the interplay of multiple and interacting semiotic modes used in selected national and international online newspapers covering Arab female athletes in 2016 Olympics. It compares/contrasts how Arab and Western ideologies representing the achievement of these athletes are mediated through various modes. The study is grounded in the methodological framework of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) (Machin and Mayr 2012). It starts with the hypothesis that MCDA contributes to our understanding of how mediated verbal and visual messages work together to indicate a shift in the construction of Arab female athletic identity..

Проект структуры культурологического знания

<p>В статье анализируется многообразие взглядов ученых на место культурологии в отечественной науке и образовании и выстраивается вариант ее структуры, складывающийся, по мнению автора, фактически в практике научных исследований в России.</p><p>Рассматривается разнообразие существующих точек зрения на познавательные задачи культурологии, на разные сегменты социально важного знания, которое она добывает или должна добывать. Анализируются разные взгляды на то, с какими науками культурология имеет наибольшую общность.</p><p>Выстраивается модельная схема содержательной структуры культурологического знания, не вполне соответствующая традиционной «академической» структуре этой области знания, но, по мнению автора, больше соответствующая фактической научной практике исследований. По авторской схеме культурологическое знание членится на три уровня: первый — отрасли знания, различающиеся главным образом методологически; второй — проблемные направления знания, различающиеся социальными проблемами, решаемыми в данном сегменте; и третий — предметные области знания, различающиеся сущностью изучаемых артефактов. По этому принципу рассматриваются семь основных сегментов современного культурологического знания и их связи со смежными отраслями современной науки.</p><p>Актуальность предлагаемой модели заключается в том, что таким образом мы можем углубить свои представления об основаниях социальной интеграции человеческого общества, о причинах культурного многообразия человечества и о закономерностях исторической динамики культуры. </p>

Models of training race-walkers during the mezocycle of the direct preparation for starts based on the multi-criteria method of the analytic hierarchy process

Aim. In the sports training of the best competitors around the world, there are many ways to organize the direct preparation for a start. This training stage usually determines success. Despite such awareness, there is no knowledge as to which training system model can be considered the best in preparation for the most important sports event. Selection of the most effective variant of a champion’s sports training system in direct preparation for the Olympic Games in the 50 km race-walk. Basic procedures. In our research, we based on the assumptions of the multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which was developed by T.L. Saaty. The goal of the work progressed steadily: the main criteria (training measures, renewal, volume, Substantive structure training, base) were determined and subcriteria were allocated to them. A multi-level structure of the problem was built in the form of a hierarchical tree with respect to the main objective. A special interview with questionnaire was developed utilizing Saaty’s 9-level fundamental comparison scale. These interviews were conducted with 14 coaches of the best athletes in Poland and the world in the 50 km race-walk. It’s the purpose of the study was to defi ne the main criteria and subcriteria within the structure of hierarchical dominance (preferences, weights). The article gives the priority (weight) for all criteria and subcriteria as the geometric average of all the trainers’ answers. The subsequent step in fi nding the best way to prepare the athletes for the 50 km race-walk was to develop training models and choose the best alternative. The computer programms Super Decisions and Expert ChoiceTM were used to perform calculations. Results. Among the 5 established criteria, training measures were the highest (Ptr. meas.=0.389) for all experts (coaches). Analysis shows that training in the DPS is the most important criterion. The next two measures (Substantive structure training and base) were given equal priorities (Pmat. str.= PB=0.180). Less important was the volume (Pvol.=0.146), and the least important – renewal (Pren.=0.104). The sum of the priorities is always 1 (100%). The highest global priority was achieved by the PE subcriterion (19.61%). Among the 4 decision alternatives (training models), the best turned out to be the model by the younger-generation Polish coaches. Conclusion. The AHP is an adequate tool that demonstrates the fi ndings well, therefore it may be suitable in choosing the most appropriate training alternative in the direct preparation for a start in the 50 km race-walk.

Validity of the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Spanish older population: competitive structural models and item response theory.

Loneliness is a subjective measure of one's state of mind and the negative feelings about one's level of social contact, which usually involves an unwanted discrepancy between existing and desired relationships. It is measured through self-reported questionnaires, among which a widely used one is the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS). Although it has been previously tested and proven to be a reliable tool for measuring loneliness of Spanish older people, some relevant research questions remain unsolved. Therefore, this article aims to present a validity study of the Spanish version of the DJGLS for its use with older people, by establishing its factorial validity; studying the adequateness of a Rasch model underlying participants' responses; offering evidence of its reliability; and testing for convergent and discriminant validity. Data were obtained in a survey conducted with older adults attending Lifelong Learning programs in Valencia (Spain). The sample consisted of 335 people aged 55years or older. Sociodemographic data were collected, and loneliness was measured with the DJGLS and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Results have supported a unidimensional substantive structure, but with minor method effects associated with negatively worded items. In terms of multidimensional IRT analysis, the 2 Parameters Logistic Model fitted the data well and offered better information functions than the Rasch model. Reliability and criterion-related validity estimates were adequate.

PRAGMATIC ABILITIES OF PUPILS WITH MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

The research analyses characteristics of pragmatic abilities of storytelling of pupils with mild intellectual disabilities (MID), in the light of vocabulary characteristics, grammar structure and substantive structure of a story, considering their age and gender. The sample consists of 60 pupils with MID, aged 7 to 9, who attend special school. Child’s pragmatic abilities are assessed with The Storytelling Test. The research results reveal considerable progress of the older group in vocabulary, whereas the progress in grammatical and substantive structure was less substantial. When comparing achievements of pupils with MID according to the vocabulary, grammatical and substantive story structure, no gender differences are determined. A comparison of pragmatic abilities of younger and older groups of pupils with MID with the norms for peers with typical development shows minor deviation of the younger group. The research results reveal characteristics of pragmatic abilities of pupils with MID and can provide insights to speech therapists, teachers, special education teachers and counsellors when considering profiles of individuals that are taken as a basis for designing intervention programs. By implementing such program, we would encourage development of pragmatic abilities of pupils, thus affecting their academic achievements, communication competency and social skills.