Substantive Aspect Research Articles

Russia's chairmanship of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2024: key achievements, plans and prospects

The article describes the priorities of Russian Federation’s chairmanship of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2024. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by Russia's clear intention over the past few years to intensify its policy in the Commonwealth, among other things, in order to stop «unfriendly actions of foreign states» provoking «disintegration processes in neighboring countries». The main substantive aspect of the article was the analysis of primary source documentation related to the activities of the CIS as an international organization. Special attention is paid to the study of planned activities aimed at implementing the operational concept of Russia's chairmanship of the CIS, the Greater European Partnership Initiative realization and expected progress in various fi elds (in terms of how Russia contextualize it). It is noted that Russia's chairmanship of the CIS will be used by the country, fi rst of all, to deepen the integration in the economic sphere, and also for the development of humanitarian contacts with the Commonwealth countries. The author highlighted the main areas («politics», «economics and fi nance», «energy and transport», «environmental issues», «IT sector», «law enforcement, security, and defense», «science, education, and culture»), in which Russia intends to act as a leader of the Commonwealth, offering its own agenda for multilateral negotiations and the ways of further integration. This article, in addition to the achievements, plans and prospects of the Commonwealth development, addresses some problems that the organization faces nowadays. Given the results of the study, the author makes reasonable forecasts for achieving tangible results of Russia’s chairmanship of the CIS in 2024.

Проблемы правоприменения нового основания освобождения от уголовной ответственности (ст. 78.1 УК РФ)

The article provides a conceptual and legal-technical analysis of the grounds for exemption from criminal liability provided for in Article 781 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The shortcomings of the legal technique and the substantive aspect of the legislative novel are emphasized. The purpose of the work is to search for an algorithm for applying a new basis for exemption from criminal liability, since there are questions from the point of view of the flawlessness of the introduced legislative novel, namely: compliance with the general logic of the institution of exemption from criminal liability; legal and technical design and content aspect.

Education of environmental responsibility of students based on integral-dialogue technology

The article represents the authors’ approach to the formation of environmental responsibility of students based on integral dialogue technology meeting the general trend to humanization of educational process and the raising importance of environmental awareness. The article reveals the integral potential of cultural heritage, materializing the ideas of cocreation between man and nature, and national values and traditions of the peoples of the country. The authors define the theoretical and methodological basis for the development of an integraldialogue technology for educating environmental responsibility, and reveal the substantive aspect of technology that is associated with the use of historical and cultural heritage. The essence and procedural features of integral-dialogue technology, which provides for the consistent implementation of cultural-ecological situations-immersions in the historical and cultural heritage, are considered. The sequence of such situations is built taking into account the stages of formation of environmental responsibility and includes three stages: (1) focusing on the whole: meeting; (2) focusing on the part: dialogue; (3) focusing on the whole: acting responsibly1. These stages provide a systematic consideration of the historical and cultural heritage through the categorical matrix of the whole and the part, as well as a holistic impact on all spheres of the individual’s consciousness in the process of educating environmental responsibility.

On methodological tools for studying problems of the development of agro-industrial complex

The article considers the methodological tools used by domestic and foreign scientists to carry out research and educational activities in the field of studying problems of development of the agro-industrial complex. Within the framework of the study, it was established that, despite the applied and practice-oriented nature of food issues, scientists use theoretical rather than empirical research methods to a greater extent — they predominantly turn to traditional and simplest methods of processing information, without fully using the existing economic –mathematical and economic-statistical apparatus. It has been revealed that scientists, as a rule, use only methods of deterministic factor analysis in relation to clearly dependent quantities and indicators, while methods of stochastic factor analysis are practically not used; the insufficiency and limitation of using the balance method as one of the key ways to determine the substantive aspect of the studied sphere have been established. Based on the results, the author’s approach to the use of methodological tools for the balanced development of food supply for the population is proposed, where at the first stage calculation methods for assessing economic information are used, at the second stage — methods of factor analysis, at the third — theoretical research methods and at the final stage — methods of modeling and optimization of economic indicators. The results of the study can be used to improve the conceptual and fundamental foundations for the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex and future practical transformations in the food sector.

Experience in testing content analysis in the study of the concept of «Russian idea»

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of the formulation of the substantive aspect of the Russian idea. The relevance of the text is determined by the fact that there is still no adequate understanding in the research literature of what should be included in the content of the concept. Moreover, the very existence of the Russian Idea is a problem area for the Russian philosophical tradition.Materials and Methods. The authors test an original approach to the study of the phenomenon, which consists in the application of quantitative tools to the study of the deep meanings of Russian civilization. The collection of material was carried out on the basis of 26 texts of the representatives of the national thought of different historical epochs and various ideological positions. The basic idea behind the research was the thesis that the Russian idea is a meta-narrative with a 1000-year history, in this regard, the hypothesis was put forward that none of the existing texts can be considered as exhaustive and fully reflecting the concept of the work. On this basis, the authors of the article analyzed all the source texts as separate chapters of a single narrative about the fate of Russian civilization and its role in the world historical process.Results. The data presented in the article were collected and processed using online resources: https://miratext.ru and https://istio.com/. The similarity of the algorithms of the resources, however, gave different results. As a result of automatic and manual viewing, the top 20 high-frequency and relevant words were formed for each of the sources, the categories were systematized and presented in a tabular version and a word cloud format. It was revealed that, although the analyzed texts are united by a single theme «Russian Idea», no single concept has been found that would be common to all the analyzed sources. The most frequent concepts should be noted as the following: «man», «Russian», «Russia», «life» and «people». These words, according to both programs, were in the top of the combined semantic core of all 26 sources. The study showed that these concepts are unifying for all the texts considered.Discussion and Conclusions. The presented results demonstrate the prospects of using quantitative methods that allow us to search for mathematical confirmation of the correctness of the semantic content of the Russian idea.

Мир счастья человека и его философские истоки

The subject of this research is various ideas about happiness in the history of philosophy. Happiness is a concept of a special kind, the importance of which in motivating human activity is extremely great. The subject arouses a constantly renewed interest among philosophers, psychologists, educators, sociologists and other specialists throughout the foreseeable intellectual history of mankind from Antiquity to the present day. All people strive for happiness, understanding it as a guarantee of a prosperous existence, but they put the most diverse meaning into this concept. Happiness has always been the most important motive of human actions, therefore it is necessary to clarify the actual content of this phenomenon in the conditions of the modern spiritual situation of the time of the confrontation of cultures and civilizations. The purpose of the work is an attempt to analyze from the historical and philosophical positions the intellectual and emotional-spiritual state of a person in which he feels happy. Each historical epoch put forward its own ideals, so intellectuals offered new formulas of happiness. The philosophical origins of the concept of happiness investigated in the article allow us to consider and substantiate its substantive aspect from various positions (theological, social, psychological). The methodological basis is the general scientifi c methods of cognition (historical, system-structural and dialectical, due to the complexity and internal inconsistency of the subject) in combination with the philosophical and anthropological approach. The main method of research is the historical-deductive method, a method of comparative analysis of philosophical approaches to solving the problem of happiness in various historical epochs. In conclusion, the authors assert that happiness is a deeply experienced complex integral physical, mental, intellectual, social and spiritual state that depends on the person himself. A person’s happiness is himself, his life created by him, in which all the acquired values of culture fi nd their true place and meaning. The results of the study can be used in the process of educating young people and teaching philosophy and humanities in various educational institutions.

Applied aspect of taking into account the child's opinion in the civil procedure for ensuring His/her best interests

The purpose of the article is an attempt to reveal, through applied research, the grounds and procedure for clarifying and taking into account the child's opinion by the court in the form of obtaining a sufficiently formulated child's opinion as a necessary and reliable statement in the case. Results of the research. It is proved that the procedure for ascertaining and taking into account the child's opinion by the court itself includes two interrelated components 1) the substantive aspect, which is disclosed through the relevant regulatory framework and conditions for such a procedure – laws, international standards which determine the grounds for determining the child's attitude to a particular circumstance in a dispute; 2) the procedural aspect – defines the actual peculiarities of such a procedure, determines the persons authorized to conduct it (other than the court) and other issues which may arise. The author substantiates that the procedure for obtaining a child's opinion and then taking it into account should begin with procedural opportunities to exercise the child's right to freely express his or her opinion in various ways, and the Supreme Court has repeatedly expressed its opinion on this issue. At the same time, the author establishes that the realization of the child's right to free expression of his/her opinion must be consistent with other grounds which the court must take into account. It is proved that the child's right to express his/her opinion in the procedural procedure for taking his/her opinion into account is also revealed through such an aspect of it as «the child's right to be heard in the course of consideration of family issues by the courts». In this regard, the ECtHR has formulated general principles which state that although Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms does not contain clear procedural requirements, the child should be sufficiently involved in decision-making regarding his or her family and private life. The author proposes to introduce specialization of judges and pilot courts of first instance with «Green Rooms», where, according to statistics, the civil cases under study are most often heard, with the mandatory involvement of a psychologist to conduct such a procedure, with further legislative consolidation of the specifics of the procedural procedure under study in the procedural legislation. Key words: best interests of the child, civil proceedings, civil procedural procedure, finding out and taking into account the child's opinion, the right to freely express one's opinion, the right of the child to be heard, green rooms.

TRAINING AND ASSISTANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING OUTCOME ASSESSMENT MATERIALS HIGH-ORDER THINKING SKILLS FOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEACHERS IN SOUTH TANGERANG

High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) is students' ability to process knowledge and ideas in a certain way to give them new knowledge and implications. The general perception regarding HOTS questions is that they are high-level questions. Most teachers adopt olympic questions as HOTS questions due to a misperception that HOTS questions are difficult, even though HOTS questions can be made in various difficulty levels: low, medium, and high. In addition, the substantive aspect of Mathematics, especially the application of Mathematics in life, is also one of the problems in developing HOTS questions. The method of implementing community service (PkM) is by training and assisting in preparing SMA-level Mathematics HOTS questions. The results of this PkM activity are: (1) Increased knowledge and understanding of teachers in the technique of developing HOTS questions which can be seen in an increase in the average pre-test and post-test results by 9%, (2) Improved mathematical skills in the use of concepts and applied Mathematics on HOTS questions. This can be seen from the questions made by the teachers in this PkM activity, and (3) the participants' satisfaction with this PkM activity is shown by the questionnaire results with a satisfaction range of 85.71% - 96.43%.

Financial autonomy of local self-government in Croatia

The paper examines the notion and determinants of financial autonomy of local self-government in Croatia. The right to local and regional self-government as well as the competencies of local government units have been granted by the Constitution. Accordingly, the local government units are entitled to their own revenue, which they freely dispose of in performing their activities. However, financial autonomy is not clearly stated or defined, either at the constitutional level or at the statutory level. The primary source of local units’ revenues are taxes, followed by aid, ‘own source’, and earmarked revenues. The special emphasis of the paper is on ‘local’ taxes and the role of local government units in the formal aspects of financial autonomy, i.e. designing the local taxes’ notions and features. The paper also contains research on other local government units’ revenues, their legislative basis and normative design, and their role in local financial autonomy. Following the setting of the normative framework, the paper goes on to investigate the substantive aspect of fiscal autonomy, i.e. the fiscal role of local government taxes and other local revenue. The conclusions of the paper sum up the findings of the research and provide recommendations with the aim of making the system more sustainable in designing and achieving the financial autonomy of local government units in Croatia.

Signs of the Verbs Movement in the Kyrgyz and Russian Languages

This article discusses the semantics of movement verbs in Kyrgyz and Russian languages in a comparative typological aspect. One of the main lexical-semantic groups of the semantic system of the verb are the verbs of movement. Verbs of movement — one of the main semantic varieties of the substantive aspect of the verb. They occupy a prominent place in the semantic side of the language. Therefore, the relevance of the study in the multi-structural languages of the semantic system of motion verbs is very rich in meanings and shades of meanings. The basis of the lexical meaning is a concept that, however, is not identical with the meaning. The lexical meanings of words can be close to each other, for example, the verbs of the movement “выйти” — “go out, go out” and “уйти” — “go away, go away, go away” and may not have any connections with each other at all, for example, “прийти” — “come, come” and “спать” — “sleep”, “идти” — “walk, go” and “жениться” — “get married”, “думать” — “think” such examples are reflected. In addition, it was noted since the lexical meaning consists of two components — the significative and denotative, they are essentially characteristic of the verbs of movement.

An Employment Law Study of the Interaction of Personnel and State Policies in the Digital Age

The author considers the theoretical foundations of the interaction of personnel and state policies in terms of digitalization of the world of work. This goal is achieved by solving the following tasks: studying the concepts of "personnel policy" and "state policy"; studying of their stages of implementation; highlighting and researching certain aspects of the interaction of personnel and state policies in the digital age; formulation and substantiation of political and legal proposals. The research methodology is based on systemic and political-legal approaches. The main results of the study are as follows. The systemic-structural and substantive aspects of the interaction of personnel and state policies in the digital age are highlighted and analyzed. The systemic and structural aspect is manifested in the following: personnel policy is a part of the public administration system; the structure of any sectoral state policy always includes a personnel block. From the point of view of the substantive aspect through the implementation of personnel policy, political decisions made by the state are implemented, and employers as subjects of personnel policy using social partnership mechanisms or independently during monitoring of the implementation of state policy can express their opinion regarding identified defects in the implementation of state policy. A feature of this interaction is that not only employers, but also employees, as objects of personnel policy, can also influence the development of state policy in terms of the digitalization of the world of work, for example, through the mechanisms of social partnership. The stages of implementation of personnel and state policies are described, within which they interact with each other. The study also formulated and substantiated political and legal solutions to the problems of machine-readable labor law, replacement of human labor with digital technologies, training and additional professional education of employees.

НЕОҐРАЙСІВСЬКІ ЛІНГВОПРАГМАТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ ВЕРБАЛЬНОГО ГУМОРУ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ ТА ЕМПІРИЧНИЙ СИНТЕЗ

Among modern cognitive approaches to uncovering the mechanism of humor generation, the most famous are the Semantic Script Theory of Humor and its improved version – the General Theory of Verbal Humor, which are united under the umbrella of frame/script incongruity inherent in humor. This study is devoted to one of the most discussed pragmatic approaches, which is a part of the General Theory of Verbal Humor, the so-called neo-Gricean theory of Raskin and Attardo. It consists in the fact that jokes, as well as other comic forms, constitute a non-bona-fide mode of communication, which is opposed to the Gricean model and accordingly, it is guided by the humour cooperative principle. On the basis of the analysis of these authors conception (Attardo & Raskin 1994; Attardo 1993, 2003, 2017, etc.) on non-observance of cooperative maxims in a humorous message a zone of productive criticism was highlighted, namely: insufficient distinction between the concepts of 'violation' vs 'flout' of maxims (Dynel 2008, 2013); lack of proper interest in the social context and emotional background of communication, presupposed by Relevance Theory and Politeness Theory, and, accordingly, the communicative norms are limited only by the cooperative principle of Grice; the lack of criteria for intentional violation of communicative maxims, necessary for the identification of humorous implicatures. The comic effect is more likely to be recognised, if, in the course of interpretation, the addressee discovers a repeated maxim flouting, as well as possible ignoring of other norms. Therefore, it is proposed to include to the generally accepted list of Grice's maxims Leach's principle of politeness, which is mostly focused not on the substantive aspect of communication, but on the social one: the speaker's attitude towards third parties in a status-role hierarchy. The obtained results of the theoretical exploration are integrated into an improved model of humor interpretation and illustrated by a intent-analysis of a verbal joke.

Tutorship practice as a mechanism for support of professional development of educational tutors

Introduction. The problem of teachers’ professional development at general education institutions is considered in various aspects. Tutorship takes a special place in this process. The need for tutorship is especially acute today since the modern teacher must immediately respond to all changes taking place in the educational system. And not just react but change the content of education, introduce new teaching methods and technologies, and respond to metamorphoses in organisational processes and educational environment. Tutorship makes it possible to organically combine professional development, its personalisation, and at the same time guarantees a comprehensive approach to any educator. The purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the substantive aspect of tutorship in the situation of tutors’ professional development in the system of general education. Materials and methods. A total of approximately 200 teachers from general education organisations of Krasnodar Region (Russian Federation) took part in the survey. The survey took into account the respondents’ social characteristics, including service record, nature of support and content of tutorship. The used methods included modelling, analysis of relevant regulatory documentation, teaching practice, etc. Results. The research exploring the substantive content of tutorship in the situation of tutors’ professional development in the system of general education showed that quite a large number of respondents highlighted the following points: the need to include tutors in the educational system (about 90% of the sample), the need for systemic support of learners with special needs in the educational system by tutors (supported by more than 80% of the teachers), insufficient knowledge of the possibilities of tutors’ work in supporting gifted children, etc. The presented opinions are nowadays actively discussed in the professional pedagogical environment. Conclusion. According to the present research results with respect to pedagogues’ work, the challenging aspects of tutor support in the sphere of general education were identified and the possibilities for substantive content of tutors’ professional development were specified.

The substantive aspect of the administrative proceeding as an environment for the use of electronic evidence

The substantive aspect of the administrative proceeding as an environment for the use of electronic evidence

МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО КРЕДИТОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ

The banking system is the most important mechanism for organizing cash flows in the country, ensuring the flow of capital between its suppliers and consumers through credit mechanisms. Social credit system, the main beneficiaries of which are socially vulnerable segments of the population, involves the state as a mandatory participant in the system, which creates programs to support vulnerable segments of the population, provides budgetary funds to subsidize interest rates and compensate part of the loans, and acts as a guarantor of the sustainability of the system. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological principles and develop scientific and practical recommendations for modernizing the social credit system in the Russian Federation. Methodology: The study is based on an integrated approach, the implementation of which involves the use of the dialectical method, as well as methods of logical and comparative analysis, deduction and induction using observation and expert questioning, thereby ensuring a high level of data reliability when processing empirical material as the basis for conclusions and proposals. Results: a conceptual conflict is established in the theoretical and methodological basis of the social credit system, and a notion and theoretical justification for this definition are proposed, allowing one to crystallize the economic essence of social credits. It is substantiated that the current social credit system in Russia focuses on the mortgage component, in which the level of paternalism is higher than the social effect from the use of budget funds. State programs to support social credit system are systematized, clarifying their conditions and impact on competition and paternalism in this area. Recommendations for modernizing the social credit system are substantiated, based on the introduction of social rating elements into the current system, developed and successfully tested in China. The author's program “Preferential Loan” is proposed, combining elements of the social credit system in force in Russia and the social rating system of the People's Republic of China. An original mechanism for modernizing social credit system in the Russian Federation has been developed, which includes the subjects of the system, the substantive aspect of the relationship between them, digital technologies and information infrastructure.

«ՔԱՂԱՔԱՑԻԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՍԱՐԱԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ» ԿԱՏԵԳՈՐԻԱՅԻ ԻՄԱՍՏԱՎՈՐՈՒՄՆ ԻՐԱՎՈՒՆՔԻ ԳԵՐԱԿԱՅՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԼՈՒՅՍԻ ՆԵՐՔՈ

Within the framework of the article, the essential impact of the supremacy of law as a fundamental principle on society, its organizational and functional aspects was discussed and analyzed. As a result of the analyzes carried out within the framework of the article, the substantive aspect of the legal society was presented, according to which it is a liberal, democratic, pluralistic, open society formed as a result of the operation of the fundamental principle of the supremacy of law, the main subjects of which are considered to be free people living within the framework of a common legal law and a common legal system, legal entities-individuals.

Formation of the professional readiness of the future border guard officers by means of the project activity

Purpose: is to reveal the essence of the substantive aspect of the process of forming professional readiness of future border guard officers by means of project activity.
 Method: empirical method, method of expert evaluations
 The results of the study: the analysis of the results shows that the level of readiness for project activities of the cadets, in the preparation of which the described scientific and methodical recommendations were fully used, has noticeably increased. Thus, among graduates of 2021, a high level of readiness was observed at 26.7% compared to 14.2% in 2018, and the number of graduates with a low level of readiness decreased from 33.5 to 14.1%, respectively. In addition, the 2021 graduates have a significantly higher correlation coefficient between the expert assessment and the cadetsʼ self-assessment (0.89 and 0.57, respectively), which indicates a more objective assessment by the cadets of their professionally significant qualities. This result allows us to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the developed technology of organizing the training of cadets for project activities.
 Value: based on the experience of relevant developments, a method of forming the professional readiness of future border guards by means of project activities was developed, which involves the introduction of specific methodological principles into the educational process.
 Future research: це дослідження відкриває шляхи для майбутніх досліджень щодо розробки спеціальної педагогічної технології, що дозволить організувати неперервну педагогічну практику для розвитку професійної компетентності саме у вихованні особового складу.
 Papertype: theoretical.

PEMBUATAN PETUNJUK TEKNIS ASPEK MEKANIS KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN TARAF LITERASI MAHASISWA

The purpose of this writing is to find out how to make technical guidelines for the mechanical aspects of scientific work to increase student literacy levels. There are two important aspects that must be considered, namely substantive aspects and mechanical aspects. The substantive aspect is related to the substance of the science being studied, while the mechanical aspect is the aspect that becomes the means of conveying the substantive aspect. This community service activity uses a focus group discussion (FGD) method or technique and is continued with socialization or training on how to write scientific papers based on technical guidelines for mechanical aspects which are elaborated into documents entitled Technical Guidelines for Mechanical Aspects of Writing Scientific Papers. The results of the dedication show that the writing mistakes that are often made by students in writing scientific papers are mechanical aspects which include spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors. In addition, there were also errors in the composition aspect caused by the lack of attention of students in reading the writing guide. With existing technical guidelines for scientific work, students are able to adjust their writing style according to thesis and journal writing standards so as to increase student literacy levels.

Directing treatments to employ the place in the theatrical performance

The most important topics that constitute the aesthetic and substantive aspect of the theatrical performance represented by the spatial environment of the presentation and the proposed virtual place that contains the technical and artistic elements of the presentation and highlights the strength of influence on it. In light of the above, the researchers divided the topic into four chapters.
 The first chapter contained (the methodological framework), which included the research problem with regard to the directing treatments between the directors in establishing or creating theatrical venue, the importance of the research and the aim of the research, and the limits of the research to conclude the chapter by defining the terms.
 The second chapter (the theoretical framework) was divided into two sections that dealt with in the first topic: (the concept of theatrical place), while the second topic came under the title (directive experiences of employing the place in the world theater), and previous studies and the results of the theoretical framework. The third chapter contains
 (Research procedures) include the research sample, which is a play (Passport), the research community, the reason for selecting the sample and analyzing the sample.
 While the fourth and final chapter came with (results and conclusions), and included the recommendations suggested by the researchers, as well as the proposals, and contained a list of sources

Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the COVID-19 stress scales in Turkish sample

This study aimed to adapt the COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS) into Turkish and provide evidence for construct validity. For this purpose, firstly, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied for the 5-factor model obtained during the development of CSS and the theoretically expected 6-factor model with total of 546 respondents. The findings revealed that the 6-factor model of CSS had a better fit in the Turkish sample. Factor loadings varied between .62 - .95 and correlations between subscales were between .44 - .76. Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald’s ω coefficients for each subscale indicated good-to-excellent internal consistency. To evaluate the criterion-related validity, the Turkish version of The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was administered to the participants and the correlation coefficients between this scale and the six subscale of CSS were calculated. We also conducted the Rasch analysis with related items to provide psychometric evidence for their unidimensional structure of each of the six subscales. Lastly, Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was performed across subgroups by gender, having COVID-19, and being a student. Overall, the results of both CFA and Rasch analyses provided evidence to support the substantive aspect of validity and the appropriateness of the CSS as a measure of COVID-19 stress level in a Turkish sample.