Substantive Aspect Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КОМИССИИ ПО ВОПРОСАМ КУЛЬТОВ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДИУМЕ ВЦИК В 1929–1930 ГГ.

The article deals with the work of the Commission on Cults under the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in 1929–1930. The research topic is relevant, because. Currently, there is a rethinking of the Soviet experience of interaction between state power and the Russian Orthodox Church in the Soviet period of our history. The purpose of the study is to analyze the work of the Commission on Cult Issues and to understand its role in the development of the anti-religious policy of the Soviet government. This article examines the problems faced by the commission in resolving issues related to the interaction of the authorities, the population and the church. A great contribution to the study of the activities of the Commission on Cults was made by O.B. Prikazchikova, A.S. Kochetova, A.L. Ershov. The merit of these authors lies in the fact that they analyzed the statistical aspect of the commission's work. The main emphasis in their articles is placed on the period from 1931 to 1935. This article examines in detail the period of work of the commission from 1929 to 1930. A new substantive aspect of the commission's work is considered. The methodology of this article includes the historical-diachronic method, which made it possible to understand the internal laws of the development of the political course of the Soviet government in relation to the Russian Orthodox Church and clergy. The comparative historical method made it possible to compare some aspects of the policy of the state power of the Russian Empire and the Soviet government in relation to the Orthodox Church. The structural-system method made it possible to study the genesis of the policy of the Soviet government on the issue of its interaction with the Russian Orthodox Church in its entirety and in certain aspects. As a result of the study, it was possible to study the complaints and petitions received by the commission, the reaction of the commission members to these citizens' appeals. The activity of the chairman of the commission of the Soviet state and party leader P.G. Smidovich. In this study, archival materials from the collections of the State Archives of the Russian Federation (GA RF) are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The materials and conclusions contained in the study may be useful for teaching the "History of Russia", in the preparation of textbooks, special courses on the history of interaction between the Soviet government and the Russian Orthodox Church. The Commission made decisions regarding the Russian Orthodox Church and clergy in accordance with the current legislation of the USSR at that time. However, this legislation itself was aimed at excluding the church from social and political life and the complete eradication of faith from the minds of citizens.

THE INDIVIDUALLY-PERSONAL TYPES OF WOMEN IN ADULTHOOD PERIOD AND PARTICULARITIES OF THEIR GOAL SETTING

It was established that most women in adulthood are harmonious, theyare dominated by the average level of the individual-personality traits.Statistical differences in individual and personal characteristics of womenof different groups were demonstrated. It is recorded that women of 20–30years of age are more responsible and generous than women of 30–40 yearsof age, women over 40 years of age are divided into two types: confident,independent and emotionally unstable, passive, submissive. It was foundthat most of the examined women live in the present or past, the highestpurposefulness is found among women over 40 years of age. There is a connectedimage of time-perspective in 50.8 % of women in adulthood, 27.1 %of women do not have temporal-semantic unity, in other words, womenwho function in the present do not connect their own past and future.The distribution of women’s life goals, which reflect the value-semanticattitude to their own lives, was obtained. Areas in which women’s goalsare located are divided into demographic (marriage, divorce, childbirth)and socio-economic (employment, education, promotion, traveling). Someof the goals can be attributed to the functional aspect of the image of thefuture (self-realization in parenthood) and to the substantive aspect of theimage of the future (development of the personal-spiritual sphere and thematerial sphere). Women are aware of insignificant goals (realization increativity, overcoming fears, promotion). The presence of statistical differencesin global life goals among women of 20–40 years of age and olderWith the help of factor analysis were identified factors that reflectthe peculiarities of goal-setting women of different periods of adulthoodwith their existing types of individual-personal characteristics. It hasbeen shown that women of 20–30 years of age are friendly, responsiblebut insecure and prefer secondary goals that are not always realized.Women in their 20s and 30s who have nonconforming tendencies are persistentin achieving the global goal. Women 20–30 years old who do nothave temporal-semantic unity are insecure. Women 30–40 years old areconfident, independent, however persistent in achieving secondary goalsonly. Women over 40 years of age who are aware of temporal-semanticunity are responsible and willing to help, women over 40 years of agewith realistic views and skepticism are limited in achieving global goals.than 40 years of age has been demonstrated (p <, 05). Women aged 40–60years want to gain wisdom, take care of their parents’ health, travel andlive without debts and loans.

Современный нотариат в эпоху цифровой трансформации

Introduction: the paper examines the impact of digitalization on the institution of the notary. The hypothesis of the impact of digital transformation on both the formal side of the existence of the institution in question and its substantive aspect is taken as the basis for the study. The purpose of the study: to identify the significant consequences of the impact of digital transformation on the institution of the notary. Methods: in the study, the authors use the hermeneutical method, the system and logical methods, analysis, synthesis, comparison. Results: the conducted research allows confirming the hypothesis about the impact of digital transformation on the notary in two directions: substantive and formal. The main driver of the changes is the introduction of a Unified Notary Information System. However, not all identified examples of changing practices within the institution of notaries can be evaluated positively. Conclusions: the authors conclude that from the formal side, the activity of the notary becomes more dynamic and accessible. From the substantive side, the digital transformation of the notary contributes to the unity of spaces: legal, geographically determined, and virtual ones.

기술 메커니즘 주기적 평가와 기후기술센터네트워크 외부독립평가의 내용적 연계 고찰: 정책통합 관점에서

One of the major agenda items of technology negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2021 was the alignment between two review processes. One process is the independent review on the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN), and the other process is the periodic assessment on the Technology Mechanism, comprising the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) and the CTCN. The alignment of these two processes has been considered due to the overlapping issues between them. This alignment has been discussed in terms of a procedure and periodicity aspect, but not yet from a substantive aspect. Thus, this study considers and explores options for substantive alignment through the lens of policy integration theory. For this, first, the evaluation criteria and evaluation elements between the two review processes are compared and matched for potential alignment. Second, the potential options are analyzed in terms of practical, financial, and administrative efficiency perspectives. Third, the extent of alignment (based on procedures and substance) and the principles of alignment (based on efficiency and effectiveness) are considered. Finally, this paper concludes with future negotiation implications.

Producing democracy in armed violence settings: Elections and citizenship in Eastern DRC

ABSTRACT The article analyses how the 2018 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) contributed to a further opening up of the democratic space and shared expressions and sentiments of citizenship. Through an ethnography of the electoral process in the South Kivu province, we investigate how claiming rights that come with citizenship and how people’s political identity, shape and are being shaped by electoral processes. We introduce the notion of citoyenneté to capture the dynamic process of civic political mobilization and positioning. In the case of the DRC, the concept of citoyenneté encapsulates the ideas, positions and actions giving meaning to citizenship and refers both to a formal ideology of nation building and political hegemony; and to an ideology of resistance, guiding acts and strategies to claim rights. We look at the substantive aspect of citoyenneté, or the processes of transformation and re-ownership of the content of citizenship during moments of intensified political competition and change. This process, as we argue, confirms that citizenship is above all a social construction, guiding social behaviour that varies according to the demands being formed around the acquisition of new rights, the redefinition of the political community, existing power competitions and social grievances.

Relating a concordance-based cloze test to the model of communicative language ability: a verbal protocol study

The literature of empirical studies on the concordance-based cloze test (ConCloze) is far and few between. This is despite the fact that it has a potential for item writing without the aid of native speakers and for making use of corpus-based technology in task design. This article explores the test-taking processes and strategies of a ConCloze item variant. The aim is to investigate the substantive aspect of the construct validity for the item type and increase the generalizability of the findings in the universe of admissible observations. The sample consists of 14 non-native English users who are in higher education and engage with 3 test tasks each, totaling 42 verbal reports. The sampling method is purposive sampling, in which their first language profiles are maximized in terms of heterogeneity for increased power of generalization. It is found that Reading concordance lines and recognizing clue words inside is a major process, and Assessing item components and testing a meaningful compatibility of a word in context a secondary one. A model of communicative language ability is used to provide a context for task use in this study, where strategic competence is represented in ConCloze substantive validity.

Criminal Subculture of Juveniles: Conceptual - Substantive Aspect

Criminal Subculture of Juveniles: Conceptual - Substantive Aspect

Developing Performance Assessment Instruments For Local Organizations in Ecological Restoration As Part of The Cross-Cutting Capacity Development (CCCD-UNDP) Project In Indonesia

Using the CCCD project as the locus of study, this paper reconstructs the empowerment process to reveal and arrange the instruments used at each empowerment stage. The performance measurement instrument was used to measure whether the organization involved in the project was related to project activities directly or indirectly. These two activities helped us compile criteria for the various organizations involved and conceptually draw the pattern of organizational relationships. Findings showed three main processes: (1) the process of identifying and selecting organizations, (2) the process of mentoring and facilitation, and (3) the process of evaluation and follow-up plan. The organizations or groups were divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary groups. Primary groups were directly related and involved in the project. Secondary groups could be involved and did not depend on funding and assistants. Tertiary groups did not need to be involved unless they had such political consequences to influence other groups. The group itself took part in decision-making about management patterns. The pattern could not be separated from the dynamics of policies, markets, and local village and supra-village politics. Based on these findings, the CCCD project confirms that a group empowerment approach must focus on the substantive aspect of achieving project goals, while the procedural aspect merely supports the administrative arrangement so objectives can be achieved more efficiently.

Latinoamerikanskij vektor vneshnej politiki KNR v 1991—2020 gg.

The article focuses on the strategy of interaction of China with the Latin America. in the post-bipolar period (1991-2020). Special attention is paid to the changes in China’s strategy in the era of Xi Jinping. In this context, special emphasis is placed on the concept of the «community of the common destiny of mankind» proclaimed by the Chinese leadership in 2012. The article examines the substantive aspect of this concept, as well as reveals its significance for the assertion of China’s role in the region.

Typological models of legal regulation of matrimonial relations through the prism of comparative approach in private law

This article outlines a number of typological models of legal regulation of matrimonial relations using the method of comparative-legal analysis. Leaning on the formal-legal approach, analysis is conducted on certain typological models. First and foremost, the author explores the model that is based on inclusion of the norms of family law in the Civil Code. It features two basic modifications that take roots in the reference European codifications of civil law: French (institutional) and German (pandect). Another typological model under review relies on coexistence of the two separate codes within the national legal system: civil and family. The typological distinctness characterizes the model that is based on inclusion of the norms of special statutes dedicated to family law in the Single Civil Code (for example, PRC). The development of family law may take the path of adoption of separate legislative acts (UK, USA). In some instances, federative nature of the country may also affect the development of the system of sources of family law. The countries with pluralistic legal system, either have exclusive jurisdiction over matters of family law (for example, Israel), or stimulate the processes of its modernization through adoption of a special law (for example, India). The author believes that the formal-legal criterion of typology should be correlated with the substantive aspect of the matter. From this perspective, the author highlight the two trends in regulation of matrimonial relations: the first is associated with strengthening of public law principles, while the second is associated with private law principles. The typological model depends on the dynamics of their ratio.

CLOSURE OF CASSATION PROCEEDINGS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF ADMISSIBILITY OF A CASSATION APPEAL IN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS

The article is stipulated, that the closure of cassation proceedings is a special kind of completion of the administrative proceedings, which identify new circumstances that significantly change those that existed at the time of the opening of cassation proceedings, and were the basis for accepting the cassation appeal for consideration. The analysis of law enforcement practice made it possible to identify imperfections in the legal regulation of the closure of cassation proceedings, which negatively affects the admissibility of the cassation appeal and the person’s access to justice, ways to eliminate which we’ll try to find in this research. The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of law enforcement in closing cassation proceedings. Writing the article, the author used a set of general scientific and special legal methods of intellection, which provided a comprehensive, systematic study and obtaining reliable results of its implementation, namely: the dialectical method, the method of systematization, comparative law and formal law methods, as well as the technical law method. The article proves that the circumstances that are the grounds for closing the cassation proceedings should be checked at the stage of resolving the issue of initiating cassation proceedings, and their inclusion in the grounds for closing the cassation proceedings is an additional mechanism for applying cassation filters to the complaint. It is concluded that the existence of such a mechanism is justified by the fact that much of the cassation filters relate to the substantive aspect of the cassation appeal, therefore, they cannot always be effectively applied to the opening of cassation proceedings. The preparation of the case for trial involves a detailed examination of its content by the court, and therefore the presence of a mechanism for the application of cassation filters also after the acceptance of the cassation appeal for proceedings, is a justified means of filtering cassation appeals. According to the results of the study of judicial practice of decision-making of the closure of cassation proceedings, some gaps in the legislation were identified, which are proposed to be filled with appropriate norms, which should improve the efficiency of the process of resolving the issue of admissibility of the cassation appeal, in particular, to expand the list of requirements to the cassation appeal and the consequences of their non-compliance, to supplement the grounds for closing the cassation proceedings.

¿Jueces en la política o políticos en los tribunales? Reflexiones en torno a la judicialización de la política a partir de casos de América Latina

En este artículo, se analiza el fenómeno de la judicialización de la política, aportando una revisión del concepto y sus expresiones que podría facilitar su contraste empírico. Para ello, se revisa la naturaleza del concepto, sus distintas acepciones y la eventual confusión que genera la asociación del fenómeno a la vertiente sustantiva del proceso judicial más que a la orgánica o funcional. Para avanzar en las posibilidades de la observación empírica, se propone una tipología de expresiones de judicialización de la política que se contrasta, posteriormente, con casos paradigmáticos de América Latina.

Równość materialna wyborów. Ujęcie klasyczne i rewizjonistyczne

The article is an attempt to systematize the controversies among legal scholars over the meaning of the concept of substantive equality of elections. The first part presents a historical outline illustrating the emergence of the idea of equal elections in the course of the development of the institutional model of a democratic state. The second part discusses the basic meaning of the equality-based standards of democratic elections, as well as the specific interpretation of the substantive aspect of electoral equality, emphasizing the necessity to ensure that equal elections display also the feature of proportionality. In view of the fact that contemporary electoral procedures include the system of the First-Past-The-Post, the basic interpretation of substantive equality of elections is defined as its classical interpretation, still preserving a dominant position in jurisprudence dealing with electoral law.

The process of humanitarian education of students

The purpose of the present article is to substantiate approaches to the formation of the humanitarian vector of training students as future professionals in various fields of activity. The humanitarian vector sets the direction of the students’ professional training. In terms of substantive aspect, it is considered as a worldview and praxeological phenomenon associated with the awareness, comprehension, and assimilation of the value foundations of Russian society and the individual, as well as with the further practical implementation of the internalized value attitudes of the individual. As a form and a way of existence of this content, the humanitarian vector represents a consolidating, centripetal force of social medium, acting as a spiritual synergistic attractor. Based on the sociological data, the authors consider the contradictions existing in the axiological space of the country, which have significant impact on the worldview maturity of young people. The key concept in the work is spirituality, which is considered as an integral phenomenon. The novelty of the work is associated with the substantiation of the thesis about two projections of spirituality: extrovert (objective-rational) and introvert (subjective-intuitive). The conclusion of the study indicates that the main functional purpose of the humanitarian vector is the worldview maturity of the individual as the goal and result of the students’ humanitarian education process. A qualitative indicator of worldview maturity is bridging the gap between what should be and what is in the subject’s moral consciousness and behavior.

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The article is devoted to the retrospective analysis of some aspects of the application and implementation of European human rights standards in the constitutional proceedings of Ukraine. It is substantiated that the domestic body of constitutional jurisdiction, realizing its role as an instrument for implementing European human rights standards in national legal practice, actively uses the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the practice of the Strasbourg Court as arguments to motivate its decisions. In the future, not only the formal but also the substantive aspect of the use of the Convention and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in the acts of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine certainly needs special attention. The following analysis will allow to reveal the "quality" of the reference to these international sources and the relevance of references to them. In the motivating part of its decisions, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine also uses as an additional argumentation a wide range of other international legal acts and decisions of other international and foreign judicial institutions. This aspect of the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine obviously deserves to be the subject of our further research. Based on the validity of our conclusion in previous publications that the main philosophical basis of modern decisions of the Strasbourg Court are the postulates of liberal communitarianism as a result of a kind of convergence of liberal and communitarian ideologues, we believe that, in turn, these postulates can�t be found in the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (when it uses the provisions of the Convention and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights for additional argumentation of its own legal positions). At the same time, this hypothesis still needs to be thoroughly proved in the following special research.

Модель психолого-педагогического сопровождения студентов с инвалидностью и ограниченными возможностями здоровья

The article actualizes the problem of the effectiveness of escorting students with disabilities and disabilities (hereinafter referred to as disabilities) in the process of their education at the university. The goal is to develop a model and complement the trajectory of psychological and pedagogical support of this category of students. Turning to the modeling method allowed the authors in the educational space of a higher educational institution to provide accompanied with the necessary and sufficient set of organizational and pedagogical conditions for obtaining higher education. The structural and functional model and the trajectory of psychological and pedagogical support for students with disabilities and disabilities, developed and introduced into the educational process of the pedagogical university, will make it possible to specify the substantive and organizational and methodological aspect of the vocational training of this category of students, to optimize the activities of the university services and structural units.

Художня література як засіб формування підлітка як суб’єкта пізнавальної діяльності

The purpose of our research is to justify methodological backgrounds for the purpose of investigating subjectivity of a personality and to test empirically the level of person’s formation of teenagers. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The questionnaire method was used as the experimental one. In order to conduct the empirical part of the research, the author’s questionnaires were developed for both parents and teachers. The results of the research. The empirical research that lasted since 2017 to 2019 was described in the article. The task was to identify the specifics of the literary environment of pupils. This task was considered essential, and determining the level of the development of a teenager as a subject of cognitive activity was an additional task. It was noted that the substantive aspect of communication between adolescents was characterized by the imbalance of their interests in relation to different directions of literary culture. The latter one is largely represented by fantastic and detective literature. There is also a general tendency to displace literary classics out of the literary interests of adolescents. At the stage of questioning the attempt was made to pre-imagine the degree of the development of a teenager as a subject of cognitive activity due to the influence of the literary environment, which had been determined at the level of studying the pupils’ thoughts on literature, the specifics of their literary reality which had been reflected, the means of mastering literary culture. The empirical data obtained indicated a rather weak expression in adolescents’ orientation towards another person, penetration into their inner world of the person in a situation of a real communication with other students and teachers. Conclusions. Thus, a comparison of four types of pupils (two experimental and two control classes) within the possibilities presented by the questionnaire leads to the conclusion that the level of the development of adolescents as subjects of cognitive activity is equally low, according to different literary environment of pupils, which is determined by studying in a case of different programs. Teens, as a rule, are not able to carry out the internal dialogue with the text, to substantiate their own position, that is the subjectivity of pupils is not properly developed through either a regular curriculum or a specialized program in the course of «World Literature».Increasing the time for quasi-communication of pupils with the literature provided by the program of its in-depth study leads to some positive results, but does not itself eliminate the problem of under-development of a teenager as a subject of cognitive activity. The subjectivity is emphasized to be formed provided by such a deliberate influence of a teacher on pupils, which will change the personal position of teens in literature. One way to achieve this position may be to overcome teens’ misunderstanding of literature as a particular form of quasi-communication, established in the course of questioning.

Jabatan Notaris Dalam Era Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi

The purpose of this research is to find the influences of the development on technology information and communication on the administrative and the material (substantive) aspect to a notary, wherein this research normative legal methodology is conducted with the results as follow there is a positive administrative influence of technology information and communication such as the use of e-government in the communication of notary or candidate of a notary with government and the increased office effectiveness. However, there is also a negative influence such as the ease of publication and self-promotion; thus, the Indonesia Notary Association need to always give direction through a regular meeting. The impact of technology information and communication on the administrative aspect is that it could result on clash between the Law of Notary with other law that already regulate the utilization of technology information and communication where from the theory point of view, the concept of lex specialis derogat legi generali can be used while from the practical perspective, it is preferable to have memorandum of understanding between the Indonesian Notary Association with the Indonesian Nasional Police (Polri).

Дефиниция «конфликты интересов» в правовом регулировании судебной деятельности России

The complexity of regulation of issues to prevent conflicts of interest in the activities of state, including judicial bodies, is due to the uncertainty of law arising from the lack of clear legislative structures to correlate the rule of law with the actual circumstances that indicate conflicts of interest. The aim of the study is the formation of scientifically based knowledge about the nature of conflicts of interest. The main objectives of the study are connected with the scientific substantiation of a general approach to the definition of «conflicts of interest», taking into account industry-specific features of their regulation; analysis of the main elements of the content of conflicts of interest, features of their legal regulation in Russian and foreign legislation. The modern methodology of comparative law makes it possible to analyze the substantive aspect of conflicts of interest, issues of their regulation, specifics of prevention in international and Russian legislation, for the optimal construction of the linguistic structure of their regulation in judicial activity. As a result of the study, the definition of «conflict of interest» is formulated. The systematic approach to determining the content of «conflicts of interest» is justified, taking into account the particular legal status of a judge.

The Very short story and Reductionism

It managed a very short story, in recent decades, to assume for itself , especially in the narrative arts circle in contemporary Arabic literature, surpassing the problems and questions that coincided with the start of their appearance, such as: the label of conventional, first roots, nationality and identity status (of the facial of sex Literary). The Arab writings in this field are prominent and present in the literary cultural scene in the various Arab countries. This clear development needs, in its continuity and the accuracy of its path, a monetary effort that accompanies it, as other literary races have previously needed such an effort. This study comes to deal with an aspect that may seem closer to the formal form of art, but in fact related to the substantive aspect as well, the reduction aspect of the story is very short, where does this reduction? What are the most prominent manifestations? And how to achieve this writing poetry without leaving it from being a prose? What is its relationship in linking the content and form of the single literary text? These and other questions are being tried in an empirical manner, presenting examples of the very short story in Oman, written by some contemporary writers of the younger generation .