Substantiation Of Ways Research Articles

PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE LINGUISTIC FORM OF THE RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT OF THE KYRGYZ EXPERIENCE

The article considers the basic theoretical provisions on the importance of the comparative legal method in scienti c researches and in the practice of national criminal law-making. The article proves the admissibility and expediency of using the comparative legal method in the scienti c substantiation of ways to improve the linguistic form of the Russian criminal law. It is speci ed that the possibilities of the comparative legal method in this area are limited, as each national law is written in the original na-tional language, which has features of the lexical composition and grammatical structure, therefore, it is not the national systems of lexical and grammatical means themselves that are important for improving the linguistic form of the Russian criminal law, but rather positive experience with regard to general approaches to their use in the formulation of the content of criminal law prescriptions. Based on the analysis of the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, a number of successful legislative decisions are identi ed in terms of giving precision and clarity to the language of criminal law, attention is focused on the pragmatic function of legislative de nitions, revealing the meaning of terms used in criminal law and giving them strictly xed normative content, which contributes to the formation of uniform law enforcement practice; and it is substantiated that the Kyrgyz experience in this area deserves the close attention of the Russian legislator.

State customs services quality: marketing model and assessment methodology transformation

The article studies the sphere of public services provided by customs authorities. The purpose of the study is to analyze the marketing model of customs services marketing model transformation under the conditions of the customer-centricity principles implementation and the customs administration system digital transformation. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the necessity to elaborate the rendering services mechanism in order to improve their quality and satisfaction of the final consumer (interested citizens, participants of foreign economic activity) with the result of receiving the service. The main tasks of the study are to identify problematic factors of the rendering state customs services mechanism, to determine their essence, and to structure their sphere. The article used both theoretical (current normative-legal acts and modern researchers’ scientific works analysis) and empirical (practical substantiation of ways to improve the customs control efficiency and the state customs services quality) research methods. Based on the analysis of the customs value definition as a state customs unformalized service, the problematic aspects that reduce the service quality and the level of participants’ satisfaction in foreign economic activity have been identified. The study proposes possible options for solving the identified problematic aspects on the basis of the developed marketing model and methodology for assessing the customs services quality. Its fragment has been presented by the author on the example of goods customs value control and confirmation.

Substantiation of ways to reduce contamination by bacteria of the genus Cronobacter of dry specialized products for baby food during their production

Prevention of morbidity in the child population from septic foodborne infections caused by the new bacterial pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii (according to the new classification - Cronobacter spp.) is becoming increasingly relevant due to an expanding contingent of susceptible individuals and the proven ability of low doses of the pathogen to quickly increase a population in dry specialized products for formula feeding after rehydration. In this regard, it is important to assess the risk of accumulation of thermoresistant coliform enterobacteria, including Cronobacter spp., in residual microflora of such products during their production in order to determine ways to minimize it. To identify a hazardous factor in specialized infant formula of domestic production, we summarized and analyzed expert data on contamination of 245 samples of infant formula and 182 cereals with the entire spectrum of coliform enterobacteria, which were previously identified as Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.). Cronobacter spp. was detected in 4 samples of instant formula (1.6 %) in amounts ranging from 0.04 to 0.5 CFU/g, which is above the hazardous level (≥ 0.003 CFU/g) for susceptible children. No pathogen was isolated from dry mixtures for cooking and instant porridges produced by dry mixing but the content of heat-resistant Enterobacter spp. was 10 times higher than those produced during the full cycle. Using a risk process model and assuming the content of coliforms in raw milk at the level of the regulated microbial number, probability of pathogen survival in dry mixtures was assessed under standard parameters of spray drying technology. The calculation results showed that under this scenario of raw material contamination, 0.3–0.5 CFU of heat-resistant E.sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) can be retained in 1 g of a finished product. This substantiates the necessity to introduce the strongest possible requirements for the microbiological quality of raw milk.

WAYS OF ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE IN THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION CONTEXT

The issues of the modern direction of sustainable development of the competitive machine-building industry in Europe and the possibility of transforming the experience of developed European countries into a strategy for the development of small and medium-sized machine-building enterprises in Ukraine are considered. It was noted that it is SMEs that are the basis for the development of the EU economy, and the rationale for this fact was given. It was emphasized that the engineering industry is the largest sector of the EU economy in terms of the number of enterprises, employment of workers, production and value added. It is assumed that it is the development of SMEs in the machine-building industry of Ukraine that will become a significant contribution to the accelerated restoration of the social and economic well-being of Ukrainian society during the period of the country's recovery. A comparative analysis of the numerical number of machine-building enterprises of various sizes is given both in the developed countries of Europe and in Ukraine. The need for the development and implementation of digital services in the machine-building industry of Ukraine, in accordance with the concept of Industry 4.0, was emphasized at all stages of the product life cycle to ensure the flexibility and competitiveness of SMEs. The barriers to the implementation of the 4.0 concept for the sustainable development of small and medium-sized businesses in the world are analyzed, and individual barriers are identified that today pose a threat to the development of the Ministry of Railways of Ukraine as a whole. It is noted that one of the biggest problems in the world development of the Ministry of Railways as a whole is the problem of training (retraining) a new generation of qualified personnel. It is concluded that in order to develop competitive SMEs in Ukraine in the context of its integration into the EU, it is necessary to pay attention to the training of highly qualified technical personnel who, on the one hand, can play the role of system integrators and implementers of Industry 4.0 tasks, and, on the other hand, be able to solve the associated problems of mechanical engineering technology from idea to product manufacturing using digital services based on a single digital core. The scientific value of the work lies in the substantiation of ways to ensure the competitiveness of SMEs based on the foundations of the symbiosis of education, science and manufacture on the basis of a single digital core.

Development Trends of Modern Legislation of Ukraine

The development of modern society is impossible without the formation of a solid normative basis for its functioning. The right that corresponds to the level of development of the social system is able to reflect, consolidate and balance various public interests; designed to implement constitutional requirements regarding the definition of human rights and freedoms as the highest social value, is a real tool for social transformations and democratic reforms. The constitutional declaration of Ukraine as a legal social state significantly increases the importance of law, the implementation of which is directly related to the creation of a non-permanent, hierarchically subordinated system of norms covered by the concept of legislation. His scientific analysis, substantiation of ways to improve efficiency and improvement is directly related to the quality of the legal system and legal life of society, and therefore has a significant degree of scientific and practical relevance. The purpose of the article is to find out the trends in the development of modern legislation of Ukraine in terms of improving its theoretical and legal vision and ways of practical reform. Having analyzed the existing approaches to the concept of legislation, we will determine certain trends in its development. Of course, it is quite problematic to find out all of them in this publication, so let’s pay attention to those that are the least researched. We are talking about such trends as a real increase in the significance and role of a person in legislation, an increase in the social basis of legislation; implementation of the principle of the rule of law, establishment of the legal nature of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and their place in the legal system, overcoming the contradictions of legal prescriptions and legal conflicts, the possibility of referring law enforcement acts to the legal system. The development of the legal sphere of modern society is connected with the necessity of a real increase in the significance and role of a person. This trend is also characteristic of the development of legislation and implies the urgency of implementing an anthropological and communicative perception of it. An important aspect of improving legislation is its characterization as an element of broader phenomena and processes, the basis of which is society. Hence, the characteristic of the social basis of legislation is of great importance, due to its action within social relations and its importance for securing, guaranteeing and protecting human rights and freedoms. Socially oriented legislation is gaining decisive importance in establishing basic social values, partnership relations between the state and society, and ensuring social compromise. An important trend in the development of legislation is the implementation of the principle of the rule of law, which is manifested in its ability to ensure the compliance of law-making, legal interpretation and law enforcement with the requirements of the law, the focus on the establishment of the state as a legal one. One of the important tasks of modern legal science, which has both scientific and practical significance, is ensuring the integrity of the legal system as a necessary component of the normative basis of the legal system. This is connected with the need to identify such an important area of improvement of the legislation as overcoming the contradictions of legal prescriptions and legal conflicts. One of the important trends in the development of legislation is the possibility of assigning acts of law enforcement to the system of legislation. This can be justified as follows. Since we have defined legislation as a system of normative acts, we must focus on their characteristic features. Among them, it is possible to focus attention on acceptance by the competent authorities of the state, documentary form, availability of a certain status and guarantee from the state, official nature, binding force, possibility of appeal or protest by interested persons. An important trend in the development of modern legislation is the provision of normative regulation in the conditions of martial law. In this aspect, it is extremely important to clarify the ratio of general sources of law, which unite acts that ensure the regulation of social relations under any conditions of the life of society and special acts that establish a temporary legal basis for the activities of legal subjects during the period of military state and liquidation of the consequences of the invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Key words: law-making, legislation, regulatory act, theory of law, anthropology, rule of law, law enforcement act, legal conflicts, law enforcement, martial law, legal means, legal regulation.

Moodle-Based Development of Primary Education under Martial Law

A specific feature of the organization of education during wartime is the creation of a modern educational environment for the harmonious development of students in conditions of war. The substantiation of ways of developing qualities, values and competences of primary school students is important for solving a number of contradictions between the quality training of students to be competitive in the process of building labour relations at age stages, and the insufficient level of their real preparation for productive activities. There is also a contradiction between a significant volume of promising information in the conditions of rapidly changing technologies and unadjusted educational environment to innovative changes in terms of its analysis and use. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the Moodle platform on the academic performance of primary schoolers under martial law. The aim was achieved through the use of the following methods: questionnaire survey, testing, methods of statistical analysis. It was found that the introduction of the modernized curriculum in the Moodle platform had a positive effect on the academic performance of the students of the experimental group (EG) compared to the students who used the traditional platform. The crosswords, interactive assignments, as well as animated videos in case of correct completion of tests were also added to encourage students to complete additional assignments after the lesson. This also affected the positive result of the final stage of testing. A promising direction for further research may be the development of interactive tasks for primary schoolers to better assimilate the material they have learned.

Socio-pedagogical Technologies of Interaction with Childrenʼs Public Associations in the Activities of the Adviser on Education

The creation of various childrenʼs public associations and movements in modern Russia actualizes the problem of scientific substantiation of ways to strengthen the influence of child and adolescent activity on the processes of education and socialization of students. The purpose of this article is to substantiate socio-pedagogical technologies aimed at improving the processes of education in an educational organization in interaction with childrenʼs public associations. The focus is on the socio-pedagogical technologies of the activities of the adviser to the Director for education and interaction with childrenʼs public associations. The article clarifies the concept of “socio-pedagogical technology in the activity of an adviserˮ. Three groups of socio-pedagogical technologies are presented: the inclusion of students in socially significant social projects of childrenʼs public associations; the interaction of participants in educational relations when they are included in various public associations; the involvement of socially significant adults in educational work in cooperation with childrenʼs public associations. The theoretical idea of the relationship between the use of socio-pedagogical technologies by the adviser to the director for education and interaction with childrenʼs public associations and the education of the individual in accordance with spiritual and moral, family, socio-cultural values is substantiated.

Development of research interests of high school students in the process of joint creative activities with students of pedagogical university

Introduction. The study is aimed at solving the problem of substantiation of ways to design continuous educational activities of high school students and students, leading them to the maximum disclosure of their creative potential. The proposed approach to solving this problem consists of using the potential of joint creative activity of high school students and students as a means of developing their common research interests. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the model of organization of this activity. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by methods of scientific literature analysis and modeling of informal educational environment as a system of psychological and pedagogical conditions of development of joint creative activity of high school and college students. The model was tested in the form of the Festival of Creative Ideas. The total number of participants was 150 people. The effectiveness of the created model was evaluated according to the following indicators: satisfaction of the participants with the obtained results; productivity of participation in the process of discussions; expression of research interests of high school and college students; expression of psychological barriers to subject-subjective interactions. Results. The principles underlying the organization of joint creative activity of senior pupils and students: dialogicality, productivity of subject-subject interactions and gamification are substantiated. The model of educational event as a structural unit of joint creative activity of senior pupils and students, including 4 blocks: diagnostic, communicative, content and reflexive, is created. The results of its experimental testing are characterized. It is shown that the majority of surveyed participants are most satisfied with the results of joint creative activity (84.1%), but insufficiently satisfied with their own contribution to this activity (36.4%). A wide range of research interests of high school students participating in joint creative activity with students has been revealed. The dominant interest is in the problems of choosing and mastering the future profession in the modern world (79.5%). The psychological barriers of the subjects of joint creative activity of senior pupils and students are reflected: fear of an unfamiliar situation (81,8%), fear of looking inadequate (75%), difficulty in establishing interpersonal contacts (68,2%). Conclusion. The general conclusion is made that the joint creative activity of high school students and students, carried out in an informal educational environment, has the result of the development of their research interests to the level comparable to the state of modern science.

Provision of emergency medical care in the territory of the Republic of Khakassia for road traffic injury

Objective: to establish the reasons that impede the provision of ambulance in case of traffic accidents in the Republic of Khakassia and to outline ways to solve them. Materials and methods. Official statistical forms, information materials and electronic databases of the State Budgetary Institution of Health of the Republic of Khakassia “Republican Medical Information and Analytical Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Khakassia (RMIAC) and the Department of State Road Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Republic of Khakassia (UGIBDD) were used. Results. An analysis of the causes that impede the provision of ambulance in case of traffic accidents in the Republic of Khakassia is carried out. Of course, persons injured as a result of transport accidents that occurred on the territory of a large city have a better chance of the timely arrival of the ambulance team than those injured as a result of a traffic accident on highways remote from large cities. Conclusion. It is necessary to continue this study for the scientific substantiation of ways to eliminate the causes that impede the provision of ambulance in case of road acci[1]dents in the Republic of Khakassia.

Удосконалення нормативно-правового забезпечення державно-приватного партнерства у сфері автомобільного транспорту України

Problem setting. Economic development is very important in the processes of positive transformations of the country, a large part of ensuring economic growth is transport infrastructure, one of the main types of which is road transport. Recently, the Ukrainian economy has been weakened by the global crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the worst thing that has happened so far is the extremely difficult martial law and the Russian invasion with a full-scale war against Ukraine. The time of recovery in the post- war period will raise the issue of infrastructure development, especially in the field of transport and renovation of all modes of transport and their ergonomic combination, finding new, alternative sources of funding for the transport system. The main criteria for the proper development and functioning of this area are proper regulatory support. Recent research and publications analysis. Research and development of legislation in the field of public-private partnership, investment activities and legislation in the field of concession legislation in Ukraine not enough attention is focused, because by domestic and foreign researchers, certain topics were not a priority in professional journals. However, such scientists as V. Bodelan, V. Varnavsky, V. Goshovska, E. Romanenko, I. Lopushins- ky, L. Hrytsenko, S. Linder, O. Nikiforuk, S. Ovcharenko, N. Drahomyretska, N. Piro- zhenko, O. Pukhkal, V. Skurativsky, P. Shylepnytsky and others, study public-private partnership in political, economic, legal aspects. The analysis of the current state of investment activity is covered in the works of such scientists as: A. Kolevatova, V. Kozyk, Danilova, I. Zapatrina, I. Moiseenko and others. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The importance of analysis of scientific sources in the field of regulatory and legal support, as well as substantiation of legal aspects and effective mechanism for improving public-private partnership and investment activities in road transport in Ukraine, as well as the importance of legal mechanisms in the real state economy especially during crisis phenomena, an important unresolved problem should be noted that as of today remains imperfect direction of formation and development of regulatory and legal support and application of the mechanism of public-private partnership and attracting investment activities in the field of road transport and its infrastructure. There is a need for scientific substantiation of ways to develop the legal mechanism of public-private partnership, concession legislation in specific areas of infrastructure, in particular in the field of road transport. Paper main body. The normative-legal provision of public-private partnership, concession legislation and legislation on investment activity is considered. The need to improve legislation in the field of public-private partnership, their relevance and effectiveness are analyzed. Transparency and risks in the field of application of legislative acts on public-private partnership, concessions and investment activities in the field of road transport and its infrastructure in Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined that the legislation in the field of public-private partnership, concession and investment activities contains significant issues that need to be improved by amending these regulations. Such an imbalance is particularly clear in the field of road transport, where regulations need to be adjusted in accordance with concession and investment legislation. The main criteria for improving the regulatory framework in these areas are to bring into line with the electronic trading system regulations on the subject, which will give a significant impetus to improve legislation to involve public-private partnerships in road transport in Ukraine. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Road transport and its infrastructure directly affect the development of all sectors of the economy of Ukraine, the state of road transport in terms of rolling stock to provide quality new social services requires new approaches to improve in improving its effective development. It has been found that the forms of public-private partnership are the best and, accordingly, increase the efficiency and quality of road transport, including its infrastructure. Analyzed that the main criterion for improving the legislation in the field of road transport, concession legislation and legislation on investment activities is to amend existing regulations in terms of bringing them into line with the electronic trading system. Such a mechanism will introduce transparent and competitive dynamics for the high-quality and rapid development of Ukraine’s transport infrastructure and road transport.

Evaluation of Methods of Heat Treatment of Black Currant Fruits to Increase Juice Production

Black currant is a multivitamin crop with high dietary and medicinal properties and is a source of exceptionally valuable raw materials for juice production. The essence of the problem of this paper is the scientific substantiation of ways and methods of efficient juice extraction while preserving the natural chemical composition and biologically active substances. The purpose of this study is to compare the methods of heat treatment of black currant fruits to increase juice production. Evaluation of the efficiency of juice output from black currant fruits should be carried out differentially according to the level of desirability of Harrington: exceptionally good – more than 55%, good – 48-55%, satisfactory – 40-48%, unsatisfactory – 35-40%, very unsatisfactory – less than 35%. The fruits of black currant, as a rule, yield 18-24% of the juice, which is devoid of its inherent colouring. Heat treatment of raw materials increases the juice yield by 1.5-2.5 times compared to grinding, and at the same time, at 50-55°C, the cells die within 5 minutes. Good juice yield indicators upon pressing the pomace of crushed fruits (49-55%), satisfactory – upon heating whole fruits with the addition of 15% water (38-45%), as well as blanching fruits in water with a temperature of 95-100°C (42-45%). Juice extraction by blanching fruits and pomace in their own juice is inefficient (33-36%). In terms of chemical composition, freshly pressed juices, regardless of the method of processing raw materials, are close to fresh fruits. Heat treatment of raw materials does not adversely affect the taste and aroma of juices. The content of ascorbic acid in juices (142-225 mg/100 g) depends on the variety of fruits and weather conditions of the year. Its preservation in freshly pressed juices during heat treatment is 95-97%, including blanching – 83-90%. In juices with sugar, its content is 1.7 times lower, but the preservation is 98-99%. During the storage of juices with sugar, the preservation of ascorbic acid decreases during the first three months – by 1.5-2%, in 6 months – by 5.5-7%, in 9 months – by 10-13%, in 12 months – by 16-19% or 7-10 times. Factors for stabilising ascorbic acid in juices are sugar, hot bottling, and short-term heating at elevated temperatures

Modern approaches to optimizing the physical activity of children and adolescents of school age

The importance of physical activity for maintaining and strengthening health, learning success, increasing the number of factors that can affect the motor regime, determine the relevance of research on scientific substantiation of ways to optimize physical activity of schoolchildren. The aim of the work was to study and generalize modern approaches to optimizing physical activity of school-age children and adolescents as a component of a healthy lifestyle. Analysis of the literature data and the results of their own research showed that the level of physical activity of a significant number of schoolchildren remained low. Important approaches to its optimization are to increase children's physical activity during school and free time. Participation of school teachers in this work, increasing their competence in physical activity are important aspects in solving the problem aimed at streamlining the structure and increasing the level of physical activity of children and adolescents, educating motivation to exercise, developing skills of various forms of physical activity and self-control. Conclusions. The problem of optimizing the physical activity of children and adolescents is multifaceted, requires the attention and cooperation of specialists of different profiles and parents. The main directions of its solution include: formation of motivation to observe of mode of physical activity in children of different age groups; creation of organizational and pedagogical conditions for optimizing the physical activity of children and adolescents during school and free time; monitoring of physical activity of schoolchildren, in particular, in the context of health monitoring. An important place in solving the problem is to increase the competence in physical activity of children and adolescents of teachers of general secondary education.

PECULIARITY OF LEADERSHIP IN STAKEHOLDER INTERACTION MANAGEMENT IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL STRUCTURES

The article considers the specificity of leadership in stakeholder interaction management in implementation of sustainable development projects and highlights that large-scale and complexity of the execution of relevant development projects has needs for effective leadership, which is able not only to form an attractive future model, but also to involve all actors in the realization of plans. This paper characterizes the specifics of the motivational function of leadership in working with interested persons and argues that it is important to ensure the effectiveness of stakeholder interaction in the implementation of development projects. I use my own interpretation of the term “motivational potential of a leader” in relation to work with stakeholders. I emphasize the necessity of adequate methodological substantiation of ways of positioning different groups of interested persons in the environment of enterprise activity. I propose my authorial scientific approach for the company stakeholder positions on the strength of their effect and place on decision-making concerning sustainable development projects. The research underscores that understanding the strength of the impact of different stakeholder groups on decision-making allows management to reasonably defend the company position in the negotiation process with representatives of each group, choosing valence ways to satisfy the interests of those who can be most useful at every stage of development projects.

Health promotion and nutritional status of adolescents in a large industrial city

Objective — substantiation of ways to improve the health of students of general secondary education on the basis of determining the nutrition status based on the body mass index (BMI) of adolescents in a large industrial city.Materials and methods. The study was based on a cross-section of a population survey, performed in the period from April to May, 2019, with the use of questionnaire (СС #92695-2019 «Methods for assessing the impact of close social environment on the subjective perception of adolescents’ own health»).Results. The study involved 1191 adolescents aged 11–16 years. Food consumption was estimated by frequency of consumption for one month; body mass index was assessed by WHO standard indicators of physical development (SDS). The following indices of daily consumption have been established: candies (8.03 ± 0.78) %, cakes, pastries (5.8 ± 0.68) %, meat (14.54 ± 1.02) %, sausages (7.62 ± 0.76) %, fish (2.61 ± 0.46) %, milk (11.21 ± 1.9) %, fresh vegetables (19.9 ± 1.15) %. fruits (19.45 ± 1.14) %, mayonnaise, sauces and ketchups (5.47 ± 0.65)%, «fast food» (1.12 ± 0.30)%, street food (steaks, hot dogs) (0.81±0.26)%, snacks (chips, crackers) (1.84 ± 0.38) %, dry pasta «Mivina» (1.43 ± 0.34) %. According to the BMI, (5.3 ± 0.64) % of adolescents had depletion of body weight (BMI <-2SDS); insufficient body weight (BMI <-1 to -2SDS) was registered in (13.6 ± 0.99) % of population; normal body weight (± 1 SDS) was defined in (77.8 ± 1.2) % of adolescents, excessive body weight (BMI from +1 to +2 SDS) in (2,7 ± 0,46) % and obesity (BMI> + 2SDS) in (0.58 ± 0.22) % of children.Conclusions. The priority should be given to promoting health and formation of healthy lifestyle skills among young people. One should pay more attention to the forms and methods of nutrition of children and adolescents, improve the technology of medical, psychological and pedagogical support, and provide recommendations to parents on maintaining good health and proper eating behavior.

ГЛОБАЛЬНІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН

The issues related to the substantiation of ways and directions of global transformations of international economic relations (IER) are of bilateral scientific and practical relevance. On the one hand, it is about revealing the paradoxical nature of the process of globalization as such, including its economic component, and defining the essence and content of the IER as a globalized and integrated system – on the other. The complex and contradictory processes taking place in the modern world economy require a departure from a narrow-sectoral approach to the knowledge of important social processes, which undoubtedly include the problem of global IER transformations. The article describes the nature and content of global IER transformations on the basis of a systematic approach and the principle of interdisciplinarity. To achieve the goal of the study the following tasks are formulated and implemented: to characterize the essence of global transformations in the context of internationalization of economic life, economic globalization and international economic integration; identify trends in global IER transformations; to reveal the risks of global IER transformations. The hypothesis of the study is to recognize the interdependence of global transformations in the field of economy, environment, politics and innovative technologies. Scientific provisions, generalizations and conclusions of the study have a theoretical novelty, which is to reveal the paradoxical nature of global transformations of the IER, to determine the nature and content of this process. The study concludes on the specifics of global IER transformations, which is as follows: the relationship of transformational transformations in the economic, political, social, environmental, scientific and technical spheres and in the field of information and communication technologies; in the systemic nature of both the transformation process itself and the object of transformation – IER; of the intersection of the phenomena of internationalization of economic ties, economic globalization and international economic integration at the level of the process of transformation and its consequences for the IER. It was found that the goal of global transformations of the IER is to increase the dynamics of the process of social reproduction within the world space and overcome imbalances in the development of its reproductive phases, as well as between developed countries and countries that develop . With this in mind, there is a need for closer international scientific cooperation to jointly address the challenges of global IER transformations. Further scientific research should be focused on the implementation of these tasks.

TECHNOLOGY OF WRITING A PROFESSIONAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

The interpretation of the concept of "professional scientific article" as a type of scientific publication, which actualizes and characterizes the final or intermediate results of research in a particular specialty (specialty, profession, qualification, scientific discipline) based on analysis of recent research by other authors, substantiation of ways and methods scientific results, presentation of logical and concise conclusions and outlining the prospects for further research. A professional scientific article is a mini-study that has, in accordance with a holistic, comprehensive and systematic methodological approaches, the same structural components as a general study of a particular problem, of which it is a component. The technology of writing a professional scientific article, conditionally divided into three stages, is substantiated and characterized: the choice of the topic of the scientific article; collecting or supplementing the necessary theoretical and empirical material; elaboration of the collected material and its structuring-presentation in the format of a scientific article. The criteria for choosing the topic of a professional scientific article, an approximate scientific novelty are determined: by the subdivision of the currently carried out research; in the context of the academic discipline taught by the scientist, conducting educational activities in educational institutions; in the plane of the target topic of a particular scientific journal; as a situational topic that arises as a result of: available material for further study; sudden emergence of a scientific idea; interesting topic of speech at the conference, etc. The criteria of conformity of the scientific article to modern requirements are generalized: the importance, timeliness, relevance and prevalence of this problem; originality, uniqueness of the content of the article as a sign of scientific value and reflection of the author's professionalism; adherence to academic integrity, primarily through the presence of their own opinions and vocations to other authors; the integrity of the disclosure of one or more related issues; consistency and logic of the material; quality of writing style (intelligibility, accessibility, straightforwardness, ease of understanding and logic); accuracy of scientific terminology; literacy of the text; degree of thoughtfulness, purposefulness, relevance, elaboration of a sufficient number of used scientific sources; use of a sufficient experimental sample; providing verified, reliable, absolutely proven information, the provability of the content of the text; logic, brevity, authenticity and reliability of conclusions; critical in the selection of facts; compliance with the relevant requirements and recommendations of the editorial boards. It is emphasized that it is necessary to secure the scientific-conflict situation as a result of writing a professional scientific article by formulating tolerant and balanced scientific appeals (with examples); at the stage of elaboration of the collected material and its structuring-presentation in the format of a scientific article, the scientific text should be formulated in only two ways: presenting the opinions of other scientists and the author's own opinions, which is the scientific novelty of the article.

Cтратегії вдосконалення управління публічними фінансами

Розглянуто особливості та проведено аналіз діючих стратегій, на основі яких здійснюється управління публічними фінансами в сучасних умовах. Вокремлено проблеми, які пов’язані із розвитком управлінських відносин у сфері публічних фінансів. Обґрунтовано потребу прийняття стратегій, які сприятимуть вдосконаленню управління публічними фінансами на перспективу.

PROSPECTIVE TRENDS OF HARMONIOUS POSSIBILITIES IN OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF CONSTRUCTION

Purpose. Scientific formation of algorithmic support of construction organization and management processes with the use of metaheuristic methods in solving practical problems of optimal control of nonlinear dynamic production systems. Methodology. Use of metaheuristic methods of optimization, system analysis and system substantiation, use of methods of systems theory, use of methods of modeling theory for the purpose of perspective management of production systems of building branch on the basis of the general laws and principles of harmony. Results. The scientific formation of the concept of harmonious optimization of production systems of construction by the metaheuristic method of the golden section is performed. The scheme of work of the method of golden section in optimization problems of construction production is developed and the detailed visualization of this method on levels of symmetry is executed. The ways of application of the principles of harmonious management in the optimization of construction production systems in the direction of sustainable and logical development are substantiated. The components of harmonious production in improving the interaction of different departments and accelerating the response to rapid change, which will accelerate the level of success of any organization. Originality. The concept of harmonious optimization of production systems of construction by metaheuristic method of golden section is offered. The scheme of work of the method of golden ratio in optimization problems of construction production is developed and the detailed visualization of this method on levels of symmetry is executed. Practical value. The use of optimization measures to increase the efficiency of construction production is proposed to be implemented according to the developed basic algorithm for optimizing the functioning of the construction production system according to the concept of the golden ratio method. Conclusions. The substantiation of ways of application of principles of harmonious management in optimization of building production systems in the direction of steady and logical development is executed. The components of harmonious production in improving the interaction of different departments and accelerating the response to rapid change, which will accelerate the level of success of any organization. The result is the creation of all conditions for the harmonious interaction of performers and equipment at all levels of construction management, which confirms the need to develop modern approaches to production on the principles of harmony.

Клинико-патологические изменения при аутоиммунном тиреоидите у женщин репродуктивного возраста

Research relevance: Autoimmune pathology of the thyroid gland is one of the urgent problems of modern endocrinology, and this is due to the lack of clarity of pathogenetic mechanisms and the lack of objective and reliable diagnostic methods, including immunological. The mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases have not yet been fully elucidated, although about a hundred years have passed since the first description of autoimmune thyroiditis. According to world statistics, thyroid disease occurs in almost 30% of the world’s population. According to the latest data, in Kyrgyzstan, they are found in 10–30 percent of the population. Objectives of the study: Clinical and pathological substantiation of ways to optimize the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis in residents of the southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Research methods: clinical and immunological (determination of the titer of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT TPO); cytokines); static method; laboratory (content of free thyroxine (T4); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); free triiodothyronine (T3); hematological, biochemical blood test; ultrasound of the thyroid gland. Conclusions: Lack of iodine causes irreparable harm to absolutely every person: child and adult, men and women. Iodine deficiency is most common in women who are in late pregnancy.

SEARCH AND JUSTIFICATION OF WAYS TO INCREASE THE UNITIZED CARGO TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY

Purpose. Identification and methodological substantiation of ways to increase the unitized cargo transportation efficiency, which would increase the trucking company profits and the manufacturer quality customer service. Methodology. In the course of the research the following methods were used: the method of theoretical generalization and systematization to determine the peculiarities of formation of the rational routes of cargo transportation in different conditions; the analytical method to determine the factors influencing the feasibility of adopting a certain strategy of the trucking company to improve the transportation efficiency; comparison to analyze strategies to increase the cargo transportation efficiency of the trucking company when using routes of different types. Findings. The relationship between the organizational structure effectiveness of the production enterprise management and the probable problems in choosing the type of route for goods delivery to customers is defined. The authors proved that the efficiency of unitized cargo transportation depends on a well-defined strategy of increasing the road transport efficiency. Based on the conducted research the influence of economic and organizational factors on expediency of the decision concerning rational strategy of transportation efficiency maintenance is estimated. Three types of strategies are proposed, the content of which is reflected in the receipt of additional profit by the transport company from the production enterprise, when using pendulum routes by saving its resources (return of returnable packaging) and by finding cargo on the way back, as well as using delivery-assembling routes while minimizing fines for late goods delivery. The dependence visualization of the amount of the trucking company profit on the type of strategy adopted allows us to assess the prospects for the introduction of certain types of freight vehicles routes. Originality. Methodical approaches to ways substantiation of the trucking company profit increase, choosing their rational route according to the efficiency increase strategy of unitized cargo transportations from the manufacturer to clients have received further development. Practical value. The obtained results are aimed at improving the methodological approaches to optimizing the unitized cargo routes, based on the choice of two types of routes in certain conditions, the first is the pendulum route with simultaneous receipt of applications for goods delivery, the second – the delivery-assembling routes, taking into account fines for late delivery.