Provision Of Subsidies Research Articles

Немедицинские аспекты доступности медицинской помощи при территориальном планировании в здравоохранении.

Improving the accessibility of medical care is one of the tasks to achieve the goals of state policy in saving the population and human development of a number of strategic documents of the Russian Federation. Purpose of the study is to analyze the non-medical aspects of ensuring accessibility of medical care, their normative legal regulation in territorial planning in healthcare at the regional level. Materials and methods. The source of information was legal acts from the reference legal system ConsultantPlus. Descriptive and analytical methods were used in the study. Results. It is shown that the issues of ensuring accessibility of medical care and creating conditions for its provision and development are attributed by various legislative and regulatory acts both to the powers of public authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation and to the powers of local governments within the competence defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, but these provisions of powers are fixed differently and require amendments and clarifications. The expediency of making amendments to normative acts of different levels and departments within the framework of clarifying the norm on creating conditions for the provision of medical care to the population on the territory of a municipal district or municipal, urban district in terms of providing transport services to the population and organization of transport services, parking space with the possibility of getting to a medical organization for all groups of the population has been determined. Within the framework of regulation, other social guarantees for children of medical workers and norms on providing medical workers with housing (office housing, under a social rent agreement, provision of relevant subsidies and payments for the purchase of housing) need to be specified. The presence of sufficient regulation in terms of the rules of construction and maintenance of roads in the legal field was determined, however, the federal laws and subordinate regulations cited in the study lack specificity and correlation of these legal norms in relation to medical organizations. Conclusions. The necessity to improve the normative basis of non-medical aspects of state and municipal provision of accessibility of medical care to the population in terms of correlation between constitutional norms and legal acts of different departments has been determined in order to specify measures aimed at improving accessibility in the provision of medical care regarding transport accessibility, social guarantees for medical personnel and other measures to develop infrastructure.

Тенденции развития рынка масличных культур и основные меры государственной поддерж-ки отечественной селекции в современных геополитических условиях

The article presents the preliminary results of 2023 in production and promotion of oil crops under foreign trade restrictions, sanctions pressure and import sub-stitution in the market of seeds of major agricultural crops. Currently, key measures of the state regulation of the development of Russian breeding include: the Federal scientific and technical program of agricultural development for 2017–2030, the new Federal Law “About Seed Production”, rules for localization of production, temporary restrictions on the import of certain types of seeds of agricultural plants on the territory of the Russian Federation, and the provision of subsidies for the renewal of the material and technical base. The state is taking comprehensive measures to stimulate seed breeding programs and support consumers of products of the fat and oil industry.

SUBSIDI PEMBELIAN MOTOR LISTRIK RODA DUA DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN DAYA BELI MASYARAKAT

The Indonesian Government's commitment to entering the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era is demonstrated by the launch of the Making Indonesia 4.0 movement. Making Indonesia 4.0 has focused on five manufacturing sectors, including the food and beverage industry, textiles and clothing, chemicals, automotive and electronics. In the automotive and electronics sector, we strive to become the largest car manufacturer in ASEAN and develop the capabilities of the domestic electronics sector industry. As a form of effort to accelerate the formation of an electric vehicle ecosystem, the Government issued a policy regarding the expansion of recipients of the assistance program for purchasing two-wheeled electric motorbikes. This policy was marked by the issuance of Minister of Industry Regulation number 21 of 2023 concerning Amendments to Minister of Industry Regulation number 6 of 2023 concerning Guidelines for Providing Government Assistance for the Purchase of Two-Wheeled Battery-Based Electric Motorized Vehicles. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, which will discuss providing subsidies for the purchase of two-wheeled electric motorbikes to increase people's purchasing power. This research is supported by literature data related to subsidies for electric motorbikes and sales of electric motorbikes, as well as various policy documents, regulations and legislation related to the provision of subsidies, as well as data related to the use of two-wheeled electric motorbikes in Indonesia. With the issuance of a policy from the Ministry of Industry, this research can answer the problem that we want to research, namely that providing subsidies can increase the selling value of electric motorbikes so that they can compete in the market.

Analisis Kebijakan Perumahan Subsidi di Indonesia Policy Analysis Of Subsidized Housing In Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to know the development of subsidy policy in the field of housing in Indonesia, and to know the obstacles that hinder the development of subsidized housing in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research, namely research conducted by examining secondary data (literature) consisting of: primary legal materials; secondary legal materials. In normative legal research, the data that has been collected, both through the inventory of primary legal materials and the search for secondary materials, content analysis is carried out which is then processed into general premises about general norms in the regulation of subsidies in the housing sector. Furthermore, it is analyzed deductively by using a syllogism thinking pattern composed of two statements (major premise and minor premise) and a conclusion. Conclusion: 1) the provision of subsidies to low-income people is expected to realize the community, especially low-income people to own a house; 2) the low absorption rate of subsidized housing

Opportunities and Barriers to Biogas Adoption in Malawi

Malawi has the potential to explore the utilization of biogas technology. The technology has existed in the country for decades. However, the uptake has been lower than expected. Further, there has been a high rate of dis-adoption of the installed systems. To deal with the problem, this study explored the opportunities and barriers to biogas technology to enhance biogas adoption and utilization in Malawi. Qualitative research methods using key informant interviews were employed to collect the data from biogas adopters, dis-adopters, potential adopters, and experts. A total of 22 households and 6 experts were interviewed. The findings of the study show that the country has opportunities for biogas adoption and utilization. The most mentioned opportunities were livestock farming practices, constraints to access to reliable energy sources, associated benefits of biogas technology, and land holding. However, the adoption of the technology has faced several challenges. Commonly cited barriers were the high installation and maintenance costs, inadequate feedstock, inappropriate dissemination approaches, lack of training after installation services and expertise, lack of reliable water sources, absence of ownership, lack of cooperation amongst institutions involved in biogas promotion, lack of a coordinating body for institutions involved in biogas dissemination, lack of standards, and socio-cultural factors. To overcome the challenges, strategies were identified, and these include the provision of incentives, loans and subsidies, provision of technical support services, having demonstration sites, employing suitable dissemination approaches, co-digestion or diversification of raw materials, awareness campaigns, and collaboration amongst sectors involved in biogas dissemination.

Socially Responsible Human Resource Management Practices and Job Satisfaction of Public Servants with Disabilities in South-West Nigeria

Overt ill-treatments from management and co-workers have often led to job dissatisfaction and discouraged other persons with disabilities keen and able to join the workforce. Persons with disabilities continue to suffer employment-related and other forms of discrimination, resulting in low job satisfaction and job discontentment. These conditions accentuate the need for socially responsible human resource management practices in organisations. This study examined socially responsible human resource management practices and job satisfaction of public servants with disabilities in South-West Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for this study. The study’s sample size of 422 public servants and leaders was determined using total enumeration sampling technique. A structured and validated questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged between 0.69 and 0.84. The response rate was 95%. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (multiple linear regression and hierarchical regression) statistics. The study found that SRHRM had a statistically significant effect on job satisfaction (Adj.R2 = 0.53, F(5, 410) = 92.07, p < 0.05). The interviews indicated that only two of five States had a deliberate strategy driving recruitment of persons with disabilities. A vast majority were employed as teachers in special schools, and diverse administrative roles across government ministries, departments and agencies. All States provided varying degrees of basic support and benefits, and stated that the employment of persons with disabilities was influenced by its leadership and affected organisational reputation. The study concluded that SRHRM affects job satisfaction of public servants with disabilities in South-West Nigeria. The study recommended that the government, in conjunction with institutional stakeholders and advocacy groups, should facilitate the adoption of SRHRM practices in South-West Nigeria. In addition, the involvement of the private sector and provision of financial grants and subsidies for employers would enhance wider employment, inclusion and quality organisational support for persons with disabilities.

Bi-level optimisation of subsidy and capacity investment under competition and uncertainty

In this paper, we develop a bi-level real options framework for deriving the equilibrium Government subsidisation and firm-level capacity investment policy in a duopoly market structure. We find that strategic interactions with the Government may impact a firm’s capacity investment decision significantly and that the equilibrium subsidisation policy depends on both the market structure and the type of duopolistic competition. Interestingly, the provision of greater subsidy to the leader raises the follower’s incentive to invest earlier and in a bigger project. The loss in value of the leader, due to the follower’s entry, relative to the monopolist increases with economic uncertainty and, although a subsidy can mitigate this loss, its effect becomes less pronounced as economic uncertainty increases. We also find that a profit (welfare)-maximising Government does not offer (offers) a subsidy in a highly uncertain environment or upon low tax rate, while higher tax rate does not always decelerate investment. Finally, we find that while competition is always desirable for a social planner, a profit-maximising Government may benefit more under pre-emptive competition.

Fuel subsidy removal and welfare of the working class in Nigeria: Policy options for the state

Subsidy provisioning has been a feature of market economies around the World since the end of the Second World War. In Nigeria, and other Third World countries, subsidy provision is a major instrument by which Government attempts to enhance the welfare of the masses. Over the years, successive governments in Nigeria have attempted to keep the prices of certain commodities affordable by providing one form of subsidy or the other. The Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) popularly known as Petrol in Nigeria is one of the commodities covered by subsidy until 29th May, 2023 when the newly inaugurated President Ahmed Bola Tinubu in his inaugural speech declared an end to it. A major consequence of the removal of the fuel subsidy is the cut-throat pricing of PMS throughout the country. This paper attempts to interrogate the effect of fuel subsidy removal on the welfare of the working class in Nigeria with a view to ascertaining available policy options for the State. The paper adopts the neo-classical economic theory of government policy and argues that a fundamental responsibility of the State is the protection of the welfare of the citizenry through its various policy decisions. Relying on documentary evidence, the paper found that the removal of fuel subsidy has worsened the living conditions of the working class as not only do workers now have to pay more for fuel; the multiplier effect of a continuous rise in prices of PMS on other basic necessities has made life unbearable. Consequently, the paper suggests a novel approach to the conundrum where in the Federal Government would ensure domestic refining of crude oil for local consumption or reach an understanding with other countries for a non-commercial refining of crude oil for the country.

The Influence of Servicescape and Brand Image on Customer Loyalty Mediated by Customer Satisfaction

Taiwan's design industry has established design characteristics and styles during the short period of more than 30 years of development, making Taiwan's designed products rank on the world stage. Based on the current design development direction, the analysis of the existing design organization, and the input and implementation of design by Taiwan enterprises, this research discusses the factors for the successful development of Taiwan's design industry by means of historical analysis and case comparison. The study found that in the timeline of Taiwan's design development, the focus is on industrial management innovation, design diagnosis, product development, etc., and it is supplemented by trying to increase the competitiveness of products and promoting international design. At the same time, it is actively constructing the design of each enterprise Environment, including the implementation of multiple counselling measures, the establishment of various design technical support systems, the design of intellectual property rights protection systems, and the provision of corporate subsidies, training channels, etc., plus government agencies have proper control over design policies, future design directions, and national budget resources. Development strategies such as design division and cooperation carried out by non-governmental and semi-official organizations have promoted Taiwan's design to shine in the world. The changes brought about by computer technology and the Internet to human life patterns have changed the functional positioning of the design industry. Today, after experiencing the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the business behavior models that people are familiar with are changing. In the changing situation, the traditional commercial space business model is rapidly shrinking, but human existence must be in the physical environment, and the new real-virtual experience model will definitely change the way of life. This is the creativity and challenge of this generation of design industry practitioners.

Dynamics of mitigation measures in urbanizing Africa: Challenges and opportunities for future climate change

Africa stands at a critical crossroads, grappling with the complex interplay between global climate targets and urbanization dynamics. The rapid growth of urban populations coupled with unsustainable urban planning practices exacerbates inherent conflicts, impeding our collective efforts to mitigate carbon emissions. In this context, we systematically decompose the key demographic, economic, and technological drivers of emissions, evaluating their contributions and spatial variations within African city boundaries from 2000 to 2020. By integrating three shared socioeconomic pathways (i.e., SSP119, SSP245, SSP434) and two urbanization strategies (i.e., linear and urbanization-led), we aim to assess the disparities in carbon mitigation outcomes that correspond to varying urban development trajectories by the year 2060, all while adhering to the same climate targets. Our findings reveal that the pursuit of urbanization may result in a substantial reduction in carbon mitigation efforts, with potential reductions ranging from 34% to a staggering 95%. In the "Middle Road" scenario (SSP434), we posit that land productivity must witness an increase of 26%–46% to attain mitigation outcomes comparable to those achieved through a linear trajectory. This implies that the concurrent efforts to urbanize and mitigate carbon emissions may narrow disparities among cities, limiting diversity of existing mitigation measures. The proactive planning of sustainable urban clusters and the provision of localized subsidies for clean energy are imperative to fortify urban climate resilience.

Housing as a human right, rent supplements and the new Canada Housing Benefit

‘Demand-side’ approaches to housing affordability—including rent supplements and housing allowances—are used to address housing precarity in many countries. A core program of Canada’s new National Housing Strategy is the Canada Housing Benefit (CHB), an allowance co-designed and co-funded by provinces and territories alongside the federal government. We explore the implementation of the CHB in one province (Nova Scotia) through the experiences of those receiving rental assistance and non-profit staff supporting them. First, we ask whether the provision of rent subsidies meets a rights-based approach to housing, focusing on affordability, habitability, and security of tenure. Second, we ask whether the transition from the former rent supplement system to the new CHB facilitates or inhibits a rights-based approach. We find that tenants on either subsidy live in housing which is unaffordable, of poor quality, and may lack security of tenure; secondly, the introduction of the new CHB has largely left tenants worse off than under the previous rent subsidy system.

Interaction between government and business in the field of innovation.

The work is devoted to the issues of interaction between the state and private sector organizations in the field of innovation. The article defines the place of the scientific and technological sphere in the general structure of the economy, substantiates the prerequisites for the circulation of technologies at various levels of the market. The features of the Russian system of protection of intellectual property are highlighted. An analysis of the state policy in the field of innovative development is given. A mechanism has been proposed to stimulate R&D and import substitution based on the provision of subsidies for the purchase of components within the framework of existing business processes.

Understanding the relationship between Fintech, Natural Resources, Green Finance, and Environmental Sustainability in China: A BARDL approach

China has been one of the biggest contributors to CO2 emissions all around the world. The rise in pollution in the country is leading to environmental problems in the world and is causing the health expenditure in the country to rise. Thus, despite the outrageous economic development, the country is lagging regarding Environmental Sustainability (ENS). For that purpose, the role of Fintech (FNT), Natural Resources (NTR), and Green Finance (GFN) is studied for ENS. The study has used the BARDL technique, which is the state-of-the-art approach and is superior to the conventional ARDL-based approaches, considering the data from 2000 to 2020. The findings suggest that FNT can be one of the ways to digitalize the financial sector and ensure that state-of-the-art technology reduces the CO2 emissions from the financial industry and helps promote finance for green projects. Similarly, the use and extraction of NTR's can prove to be detrimental to China's quest for mitigating environmental challenges. The use of fossil fuels would reduce the ENS of China. There is an urgent need to transition towards green and clean energy. GFN is an ideal way to develop a sustainable financial system which can help to promote green projects and help to develop a strong, sustainable economy. China is recommended to use green budgeting as it would include setting up scales for the use of NTRs and monitoring the use of the specific NTRs. Furthermore, the government should promote the use of GFN at all levels through the provision of subsidies and incentives to generate greater private sector participation in GFN.

The change in legal relations with a public or municipal authorities regulated by budget legislation and grant agreements

Public and municipal authorities regularly act as customers of various goods, works and services, as well as finance projects or provide targeted support to organizations as part of the implementation of State support measures. If the first role, as a rule, is implemented through traditional public procurement, then the second is through special regulation created under the conditions of appropriate support, and through agreements on the provision of subsidies or grants in the form of subsidies. Such agreements are not subject to procurement legislation, and the content of the legal relations generated by them has low regulatory and methodological security. At the same time, the Civil Code of Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the CC RF) is increasingly being applied to relations based on agreements by analogy with law. The implementation of agreements, as a rule, is associated with the emergence of an objective need to change them, related both to changes in the circumstances from which the parties proceeded when concluding them, and to subjective reasons, including planning errors. Within the framework of the article, the authors, using dialectical, logical, systemic and functional methods, considered and highlighted the circumstances of the permissibility and inadmissibility of making changes to these agreements. A special utilitarian character is carried by a fragment of the article based on the analysis of judicial practice and acts of regulatory and auditing authority, which highlights specific situations that are important for the formation of a comprehensive understanding of the assessment of the circumstances of changing agreements.

Problems of financing small businesses in Ukraine

Introduction. The development of small entrepreneurship is a very important factor for the entire economy of the country, therefore the state plays an important role in stimulating its development. State support for small businesses involves the provision of various subsidies, loans, the creation of national funds, the provision of tax discounts and benefits, the use of foreign aid, and support for the development of the insurance market. In the conditions of the financial and economic crisis, and later in the conditions of the war in Ukraine, the business environment significantly deteriorated, and the development of small businesses slowed down. The purpose of the paper is to study the problems of financing small business entities in Ukraine and develop separate recommendations for their solution. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the role and peculiarities of functioning of small business in Ukraine were analyzed. The share of small business entities among active business entities in Ukraine in the period 2017-2021 was determined. It has been studied that the main number of small business entities in types of economic activity is occupied by wholesale and retail trade. A comparative analysis of indicators of small business development was carried out, namely a parallel between the number of small enterprises and FOP per 10,000 population. The dynamics of the indicators of the liability structure of small business entities in the period 2017-2021 were analyzed, with the help of which the relative indicators of the financial stability of small businesses were calculated. Conclusion. As a conclusion, the criteria that suspend the development of small business in modern conditions are determined.

Effect of the Strategic Emerging Industry Support Program on Corporate Innovation among Listed Companies in China

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the Chinese government’s Strategic Emerging Industry Support Program and the innovation level of strategic emerging industry firms. We use panel data of A-share-listed firms from 2007 to 2017 and apply a difference-in-difference model. We obtain evidence that firms exhibit strategic innovation behavior in response to the Strategic Emerging Industry Support Program, as evidenced by firms focusing solely on increasing their research and development (R&D) input and number of patent outputs, neglecting innovation efficiency and quality, and failing to convert patent results into firm profitability. Moreover, we observe that the aforementioned support program, through the provision of subsidies, tax incentives, and easy access to credit, as well as the reduction in stock liquidity, prompts increases in firm R&D input and, consequently, the number of patents firms are granted. Our results also indicate that for state-owned enterprises in strategic emerging industries, government support in the form of subsidies and tax incentives has the strongest effect on innovation; by contrast, for private firms, innovation is more strongly stimulated through convenient credit support, tax incentives, and reduced stock liquidity. This paper provides empirical evidence on whether industrial policy promotes firm innovation and argues more generally whether government industrial policy is effective.

Local production arrangement in the Eastern Pre-Amazon: case study of açaí production in association in povoado 1700, in the municipality of Imperatriz – MA

This research refers to a case study on Local Productive Arrangement - LPA of açaí in a Povoado 1700, in the city of Imperatriz - MA. It aims to contribute to the provision of subsidies for developing activities regarding productivity, economy and sustainability of the region’s producers and residents through the extraction, production and commercialization of this fruit, conceiving LPA as a way of enhancing results, including in the off-season. The main objective is to analyze the LPA in development around the Açaí Producers Association of Povoado 1700, in the Municipality of Imperatriz - MA. The research was mainly carried out with a quantitative-qualitative approach. As data collection instruments, we used recorded interviews and semi-structured forms via Google Forms. The perspective of LPA contribution in structuring with the sustainability of the production process was positively evaluated, taking into account, above all, the natural socio-environmental appreciation of its agents, as well as the ability to generate jobs and increase income and quality of life of the local community.

Childcare Subsidy Employment and Copayment Requirements and Child Maltreatment.

Economic support programs for low-income families may play an important role in preventing child abuse and neglect. In the United States, childcare subsidies are provided to low-income families who meet certain requirements to offset the high cost of childcare. States have flexibility in setting many policies related to the provision of childcare subsidies, which results in a great deal of variation in how the programs operate between states. One policy dimension on which states vary is the number of employment hours required to receive childcare subsidies. A small body of work has begun to investigate the ways in which these state policy variations might relate to child maltreatment. Using 11years of administrative data from the United States, the current study sought to estimate the relationship between two sources of variation in childcare subsidy policies: employment requirements and copayment size; and child neglect, physical abuse, and emotional abuse substantiations. The study found a nuanced relationship between required employment and neglect substantiations. Specifically, requiring some level of work was not associated with neglect substantiations, but requiring 30 hours of employment was associated with higher rates. The study did not find a relationship between copayment size and maltreatment substantiations.

Analysing the impacts of key factors on the price of recycled concrete: A system dynamics model

Effectively managing and utilizing the construction and demolition (C&D) waste is crucial for achieving sustainability goals. Recycling C&D waste into useable materials, such as recycled aggregate, for concrete production, offers both environmental and economic efficiency. Although recycled concrete is considered a viable alternative to virgin concrete, this product is not widely accepted in the construction industry. Insufficient price competitiveness is an essential obstacle. Therefore, investigating the factors influencing the price of recycled concrete is important for controlling it to an acceptable level. This study aims to develop a system dynamics model to evaluate dynamic effects of the key factors on the price of 30 MPa recycled concrete from short-term and long-term perspectives. Chongqing, China is selected as a case study. From the short-term perspective, the price of 30 MPa recycled concrete can be reduced to 84.11 % of that of virgin concrete. The most influential scenario for reducing the price of 30 MPa recycled concrete is incorporating 40 % ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a cement replacement in recycled concrete with a 100 % replacement rate of virgin coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate. From the long-term perspective, provision of subsidies for producing recycled concrete with a 25 % replacement rate can be effective in improving the supply. For the consumption, the mandatory use of recycled products from C&D waste and reducing tax for recycling activities are among the top five influential scenarios. This study fills a gap in the literature and provides industry practitioners with valuable insights into developing informed pricing.

Factors Influencing Adoption of Precision Farming Technologies in Watermelon Cultivation

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the important fruit crops cultivating in India. Adoption improved production technologies in watermelon cultivation is not followed by majority of the farmers. Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Bodies Restoration and Management (TN IAMWARM) is a unique World Bank funded project implemented with the prime motive of increasing the productivity of irrigated agriculture in the state of Tamil Nadu. Accordingly the TNIAMWARM project was implemented in Villupuram district through Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tindivanam with one of the interventions that dissemination of precision farming technologies in watermelon cultivation to improve its productivity. The present study analysed the factors influencing adoption of Precision farming technologies in Watermelon cultivation. Most of the respondents gave first preference to the higher yield (Mean score - 72.2) as their reason of adoption of precision farming technologies in tomato cultivation followed by yield increase, provision of subsidy. Under external factors, the respondents gave first rank to TNAU scientists (Mean score - 79.42) as the influencer to adopt the precision farming technologies in watermelon cultivation. Further, the respondents expressed that the influence of executing TNIAMWARM project (79.25) exerted some compulsion on them which was deemed as a social factor in the adoption of Precision Farming technologies.