Subsequent Performance Research Articles

Study on Softening Resistance of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy for Advanced Electrical Connectors

The effect of adding iron element in tin bronze on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy is studied by means of phase diagram calculation and microstructure observation. The work hardening curve of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy is plotted by cold deformation of the alloy with different reduction rates. The test and microstructure observation are conducted for tensile strength and ductility of the alloy sample annealed at different temperatures, so as to determine the recrystallization temperature of the alloy. The results show that the addition of iron element plays a significant role in grain refinement and improves the subsequent working performance. After the cold rolling deformation, an obvious work hardening effect is imposed on the alloy. With the increase of the deformation, the alloy presents a trend of increasing first and then becoming stable in the tensile strength, while a reverse trend in ductility. Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy has a softening resistance equivalent to that of QSn6.5-0.1 high-tin bronze, both of which will be softened at 400ºC; therefore, Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy can replace QSn6.5-0.1 alloy at high temperature.The present study proposes how to maintain the original properties of the tin-phosphorous bronze alloy while reducing the content of the tin, and achieve the more effective industrialized production.

Impaired pre-competition wellbeing measures can negatively impact running performance in developmental youth female soccer players.

This study aimed to determine the association between pre-competition perceived player wellbeing measures and subsequent relative and peak running performance of developmental youth female soccer players (n = 15, age: 16 ± 1 years). Total distance (TD), high-speed (> 3.5 m/s) (HSRD) and very high-speed (> 5.3 m/s) running (VHSRD) were expressed using 1-, 2- and 5-minute epochs and relative (per minute) calculations. Fatigue, sleep quality, upper and lower-body muscle soreness, stress, and mood wellbeing measures were collected via a self-reported questionnaire (1-5 Likert scale). Menstrual cycle phase was collected via a calendar-based countback method. Results demonstrated that reductions in stress was associated with decreased relative and peak TD in all epochs (p = 0.008-0.040), relative and peak HSRD (p = 0.006-0.039) in 2- and 5-minute epochs as well as VHSRD in 2-minute epochs (p = 0.026). For example, a one-point reduction of 'normal' to 'relaxed' is associated with a decrease of 7 m/min in peak TD for 1-minute epochs. One-point increase in fatigue (e.g., 'normal' to 'more tired than normal') displayed a decrease of 7 m/min peak TD for 2-minute (p = 0.048) and 9 m/min for 5-minute (p = 0.007) rolling epochs. Likewise, one-point increase in lower-body muscle-soreness (e.g., 'normal' to 'increase in soreness/tightness') was associated with a reduction of 6 m/min peak VHSRD for 1-minute epochs (p = 0.034). Results suggest that perceived player wellbeing can influence running performance. However, the magnitude of the change in player wellbeing should be considered in a practical sense.

Acute Effect of Different Velocity-Based Training Protocols on 2000-meter Rowing Ergometer Performance

Abstract Leandro Quidel-Catrilelbún, ME, Ruiz-Alias, SA, García-Pinillos, F, Ramirez-Campillo, R, and Pérez-Castilla, A. Acute effect of different velocity-based training protocols on 2000-m rowing ergometer performance. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): e8–e15, 2024—This study aimed to explore the acute effect of 4 velocity-based resistance training (VBT) protocols on 2000-m rowing ergometer (RE2000) time trial, as well as the behavior of the maximal neuromuscular capacities when RE2000 is performed alone or preceded by VBT protocols in the same session. Fifteen male competitive rowers (15–22 years) undertook 5 randomized protocols in separate occasions: (a) RE2000 alone (control condition); (b) VBT against 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) with a velocity loss in the set of 10% followed by RE2000 (VBT60-10 + RE2000); (c) VBT against 60% 1RM with a velocity loss in the set of 30% followed by RE2000 (VBT60-30 + RE2000); (d) VBT against 80% 1RM with a velocity loss in the set of 10% followed by RE2000 (VBT80-10 + RE2000); (e) VBT against 80% 1RM with a velocity loss in the set of 30% followed by RE2000 (VBT80-30 + RE2000). The load-velocity relationship (load-axis intercept [L 0 ], velocity-axis intercept [v 0 ], and area under the load-velocity relationship line [A line ]) was used to evaluate the maximal neuromuscular capacities during the prone bench pull exercise before and after each protocol. The time trial was significantly longer for VBT60-30 + RE2000 and VBT80-30 + RE2000 than for RE2000, VBT60-10 + RE2000 and VBT80-10 + RE2000 (all p < 0.001; ES = 0.10–0.15). L 0 and A line were significantly reduced after all protocols (p < 0.001; ES = 0.10–0.13), with A line reduction more accentuated for VBT60-10 + RE2000, VBT60-30 + RE2000, VBT80-30 + RE2000, and RE2000 (all p = 0.001; ES = 0.11–0.18) than for VBT80-10 + RE2000 (p = 0.065; ES = 0.05). Therefore, VBT protocols with greater velocity loss in the set (30% vs. 10%) negatively affected subsequent rowing ergometer performance, in line with impairment in A line pulling performance.

Board oversight: Required ESG for public companies in Europe

Boards of directors now have a powerful monitoring guidance from the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) to assess the required environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting and performance of their European public companies. Boards can now assess whether their companies are committed to ESG efforts or just greenwashing, i.e., just making commitments or pledges without any substantial subsequent performance. The main purpose of this paper is to examine and propose how boards of directors can oversee and facilitate this sustainability transition toward mandatory European ESG reporting. In the existing literature, there are currently no research papers that address this topic which is developing so rapidly. Boards of directors could also help assess if such ESG sustainability requirements are aligning with and delivering value to shareholders, customers, employees, communities, and other stakeholders. Future research could investigate these board responsibilities with case studies or empirical studies, especially to see if ESG reporting is becoming relevant and valuable.

Effects of ischaemic post-conditioning on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a common phenomenon resulting from high-intensity exercise that impairs subsequent performance. Ischaemic post-conditioning (IPOC) is a simple intervention that has been shown to reduce muscle damage after prolonged ischaemia, a condition mechanistically similar to EIMD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether IPOC could alleviate muscle damage after eccentric exercise. Thirty-two young male participants were randomized into either a sham (n = 16) or an IPOC (n = 16) intervention group. Biceps brachii muscle damage was induced by eccentric exercise, with IPOC or sham intervention applied on the dominant arm following exercise (3 cycles of 30 s ischaemia). Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain, arm circumference, muscle thickness, echo-intensity, and microvascular function (using near-infrared spectroscopy) were measured bilaterally at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours after eccentric exercise. Biceps curl one repetition maximum (1RM) was also measured. 1RM was higher for the IPOC group at 48 and 72 hours (both p < 0.05). On the dominant arm, VAS pain was lower at 72 hours for the IPOC group (p = 0.039). Muscle thickness was lower at all post-exercise time points for the IPOC group (all p < 0.05). VAS pain, echo-intensity, and arm circumference were elevated on the non-dominant arm in the sham group at 72 hours (all p < 0.05). These parameters all returned to the baseline level for the IPOC group at 72 hours (all p > 0.05IPOC could attenuate the decrease in strength, and alleviate EIMD with both local and remote effects after high-intensity exercise.

Development Of Digital Twin Technology in Hydraulics Based on Simulating and Enhancing System Performance

DT digital twin technology has become an essential tool in hydraulic systems. It not only offers a virtual representation of the actual plant, but also real-time monitoring and optimization of that same machinery. Digital Twin (DT) technology has become a cornerstone in the optimization of industrial processes, particularly in the domain of hydraulic systems. For example, this research aims to use digital twin technology to detect and fix leaks in hydraulic systems. By integrating advanced simulation algorithms for accurate leak detection and performance enhancement, this study presents a comprehensive framework. Combining techniques developed from both data-driven and state-of-the-art optimization methods our approach looks to change how leaks are detected in hydraulics. Our test introduces a comprehensive framework that not only accurately identifies leaks but also employs advanced simulation algorithms for subsequent performance enhancement. By bringing together data-driven insights and cutting-edge optimization methods, our work at the frontier of revolutionizing leak detection in hydraulic systems.

High-Intensity Forward-Backward Plyometrics After the Warm-Up Entail Better Sprint and Change-of-Direction Performance Than Low-Intensity Side-to-Side Plyometrics.

This study aimed to determine the acute effects of high-intensity forward-backward and low-intensity side-to-side plyometric jumps performed following the warm-up on sprint (5, 10, and 15m) and change-of-direction (COD) (T-half test and repeated T-half tests) performance in youth volleyball players. After a familiarization week, 30 male volleyball players (age = 12.04 ± 1.03years) performed three randomized conditions (no-plyometrics, high-intensity plyometrics, and low-intensity plyometrics) in three sessions. In a within-subject design, three sets of six repetitions of forward-backward 30-cm hurdle jumps (high-intensity) and side-to-side 20-cm hurdle jumps (low-intensity) were completed. Sprint and COD were tested after each of the conditions with a 2-min rest. A significant effect of the plyometric condition was observed on sprint (p < .001, ηp2 range: .56-.70) and COD (p < .01, ηp2=.24), but not on repeated COD. More specifically, the high-intensity plyometric condition exhibited significantly better results compared with the low-intensity plyometric (Cohen's d range: 0.73-1.21) and control conditions (Cohen's d range: 0.91-2.21). Due to the importance of speed and COD in volleyball, these results suggest that young volleyball players may benefit from high-intensity forward-backward plyometric protocols following the warm-up to improve subsequent performance.

Worker takeovers: a comparative analysis of employee buyouts, other worker-managed firms, and conventional firms in Uruguay

Abstract The economic crisis experienced by many developed countries over the past decade saw the emergence of the phenomenon of so-called recovered firms (RFs), or employee buyouts of failed capitalist firms (CFs). While it is obvious that one of the objectives sought by these workers is to keep their jobs, the subsequent performance of these firms is unclear. Are RFs more likely to fail than other worker managed firms (WMFs) or than CFs? Do RF workers get higher incomes than their peers in other WMFs or in CFs? This analysis is based on a linked employer–employee panel data set from Uruguayan social security administrative records. The main findings are that RFs survive longer than other WMFs or than CFs. However, RF workers receive incomes lower than those of their peers at other WMFs or at CFs. This income differential is explained partly by a brain drain process and specific human capital losses.

Surface Modification of Recycled Polyester Fiber and Performance Evaluation of Its Asphalt Mastic and Mixture

The use of recycled polyester fiber (Re-PET) partially addresses the scarcity of non-renewable polyester (PET), but its thermal resistance in asphalt mixtures is relatively low. To enhance the reutilization and thermal resistance of Re-PET, it was modified through in situ growth grafting with tetrahedral nanoSiO2. A novel nanoSiO2 hybrid material (SiO2/Re-PET) was successfully prepared, and the effects of the surface modification on the morphology and thermal resistance of the Re-PET were investigated with the examination of its mechanism of modification. The results demonstrated an increase in the surface roughness and specific surface area of SiO2/Re-PET, as well as a higher melting point and structural stability compared to Re-PET. Subsequently, Re-PET and SiO2/Re-PET asphalt mastics under a filler–asphalt ratio of 1.0 were prepared, and their classical and rheological properties were investigated and compared. The results indicated an increase in the softening point and shear strength of SiO2/Re-PET asphalt mastic, as well as a significant improvement in its high-temperature performance. Furthermore, subsequent pavement performance tests revealed a significant improvement in the performance of SiO2/Re-PET asphalt mixtures compared to Re-PET asphalt mixtures. Consequently, the findings of this research promote the recycling of Re-PET, ultimately advocating for the sustainability of pavement construction.

Linking paternalistic leadership to employee creativity: a meaning-based perspective

PurposeIntegrating the pathway model of meaningful work and the intrinsic motivation principle of creativity, the authors investigate why, when and how paternalistic leadership relates to employee creativity in the Chinese organizational context. The authors suggest that the meaning of work (MOW) mediates the relationship between paternalistic leadership and employee creativity. The authors further identify perspective taking as a moderator in the mediated relationship for the path from MOW to creativity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors relied on a sample of 340 employee-supervisor dyads collected from multiple organizations located in Eastern China to test the study hypotheses.FindingsResults indicated that MOW mediated the positive relationships between the benevolence and morality dimensions of paternalistic leadership and employee creativity, and the negative relationship between the authoritarianism dimension of paternalistic leadership and employee creativity. Further, the indirect relationships between the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership (i.e. authoritarianism, benevolence and morality) and employee creativity through MOW were more pronounced when perspective taking was higher rather than lower.Originality/valueThrough a meaning-based perspective, the authors demonstrate that a culture-specific managerial philosophy (i.e. paternalistic leadership) shapes Chinese employees' perceptions of meaningful work and their subsequent creative performance. This paper complements the dominant focus on Western leadership in the creativity literature and denotes that paternalistic leadership matters for employee creativity in Chinese organizations.

Limited exposure to pancreatic ERCP during advanced endoscopy training impacts competence and performance in independent practice

Background/ObjectivesThe impact of competency-based training programs on pancreatic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performance remains unclear. This study aimed to describe the learning curves of pancreatic ERCP and subsequent performance during independent practice. MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective cohort study involving advanced endoscopy trainees (AETs). In the 1st phase, trainees were assessed on every 5th ERCP using the ERCP and EUS Skills Assessment Tool (TEESAT). Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis of pancreatic ERCP evaluations was used to establish learning curves. During the 2nd phase (1st year of independent practice), now-graduated participants documented their performance on key ERCP quality indicators. ResultsA total of 24 AETs (20 training programs) received sufficient evaluations for CUSUM analysis. Pancreatic ERCP accounted for 14.6 % (196/1339) of all ERCPs evaluated with 45 % of pancreatic ERCPs carrying a Grade 3 level of complexity. A minority of AETs (16.7 %) performed enough pancreatic ERCPs to generate meaningful learning curves with no AETs achieving competence in pancreatic cannulation, sphincterotomy, or stone clearance during Phase 1. In Phase 2, a total of 3620 ERCPs were performed, of which 281 (7.8 %) were pancreatic ERCPs. While the overall pancreatic duct cannulation rate was 92.2 %, the native papilla pancreatic duct cannulation rate was 85.7 %, which was below the recommended 90 % threshold. ConclusionsAdvanced endoscopy training offers a low level of exposure to pancreatic ERCP, which is mirrored in independent practice, highlighting the inadequate training in pancreatic ERCP. Given the complexity of pancreatic ERCP, novel strategies are warranted to improve training in pancreatic ERCP.

Venture Aging: A Process Model of Legitimacy, Routinization, and Competitor Imitation of Venture Innovation Capabilities

This study proposes a process model that delineates how venture aging results in legitimacy and routinization, and subsequent venture performance. This model addresses the gap between new venture literature and organizational management literature. The resource-based view of the firm and competitive rivalry models are used to develop the theory behind the process model. The model shows that venture aging enhances legitimacy, which is shown to increase competitor attacks and imitation attempts of venture innovation capabilities. Venture routinization increases the inimitability of a venture’s innovation capabilities, which decreases the success of competitors trying to imitate the new venture. The resulting effects on venture performance identify approaches that entrepreneurs can take to increase their chances of successfully navigating the venture aging process. The model assists researchers in further developing the competitive rivalry literature by explaining how factors such as awareness, motivation, and capability of competitors influence venture success.

From Rotten to Magical: Transition Metal Migration in Layered Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathodes

AbstractLayered oxides, the most commercially promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), are extensively investigated due to their low cost, abundant raw materials, flexible structure, and high capacity. However, although the “rotten” transition metal (TM) migration phenomenon in layered oxide cathode materials leads to unfavorable structure reconstruction, sluggish Na+ diffusion and subsequent performance degradation, TM migration has not been systematically summarized and intensively discussed. Herein, a comprehensive insight into the recent advances of TM migration in layered SIB cathodes is provided, aiming to realize the “magical” utilization of TM migration. First, the negative effects of TM migration on crystal structure and electrochemical properties are discussed. Then, the origin of TM migration is intensively analyzed, and three main mechanisms of the migration are presented, including Cr4+–Cr4+–Cr4+ triplets, Jahn–Teller Fe4+ and Na‐free layers. Additionally, the latest research findings on exploring the origin are fully discussed. Finally, the suppression and utilization of TM migration are discussed, and the further exploration of TM migration and the future directions of suppressing/utilizing TM migration are outlooked. It is believed that this perspective will provide guidelines for the design of high‐performance layered oxide cathodes involving TM migration by turning the “rotten” into the “magical.”

Corner flow characteristics in a silicon-based ultra-thin flat-grooved heat pipe with double-end cooling

This study delves into the exploration of flow and heat transfer characteristics within a silicon-based ultra-thin flat-grooved heat pipe (UFHP) featuring double-end cooling based on a visual experimental platform. Ethanol is chosen as the working fluid due to its hydrophilic properties with the silicon substrate. The investigation focuses on the analysis of corner flow phenomena within microgrooves. In contrast to prior research associating corner flow with the subsequent thermal performance degradation, our experimental findings demonstrate that proper corner flow has better heat transfer performance in comparison with axial flow in the UFHP with double-end cooling. Optimal thermal resistance in the UFHP is achieved when corner flow dominates in the evaporator, underscoring the pivotal role of thin film evaporation in enhancing overall thermal efficiency. Additionally, the thermal performance of the UFHP is systematically investigated under diverse operational conditions, including variations in filling ratio, groove depth, and vapor space thickness. While a slight excess in filling ratio exhibits a restrained impact on the heat transfer limit, it effectively mitigates the temperature rise following complete dry-out at the evaporator. Notably, reductions in groove depth and vapor space thickness detrimentally affect the heat transfer limit, albeit a decrease in groove depth contributes to a reduction in thermal resistance.

Musical instruments, oral problems and prosthodontics: A review and a clinical report of a musician menopausal woman

The condition of teeth and the function of the oral organs are important when playing musical, especially brass or wind, instruments. This article describes the prosthodontic treatment provided for a musician who had lost a tooth and her subsequent musical performance. The relevant literature is also discussed. A 49-year-old professional clarinet player who fractured and avulsed the upper left central incisor during a fall sought maxillofacial rehabilitation for the missing tooth to maintain her ability to play the clarinet. Her treatment consisted of a provisional removable prosthesis with an acrylic base and clasps followed by a final fixed implant and conventional prostheses, designed accordingly. Her satisfaction with the prostheses was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. The dental treatment helps to ensure that the musicians with oral, mainly prosthodontic, problems can continue playing the wind or brass instrument, especially the clarinet at their previous performance level professionally.

Conversion of a medical implant into a versatile computer-brain interface

BackgroundInformation transmission into the human nervous system is the basis for a variety of prosthetic applications. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) systems are widely available, have a well documented safety record, can be implanted minimally invasively, and are known to stimulate afferent pathways. Nonetheless, SCS devices are not yet used for computer-brain-interfacing applications. ObjectiveHere we aimed to establish computer-to-brain communication via medical SCS implants in a group of 20 individuals who had been operated for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. MethodsIn the initial phase, we conducted interface calibration with the aim of determining personalized stimulation settings that yielded distinct and reproducible sensations. These settings were subsequently utilized to generate inputs for a range of behavioral tasks. We evaluated the required calibration time, task training duration, and the subsequent performance in each task. ResultsWe could establish a stable spinal computer-brain interface in 18 of the 20 participants. Each of the 18 then performed one or more of the following tasks: A rhythm-discrimination task (n = 13), a Morse-decoding task (n = 3), and/or two different balance/body-posture tasks (n = 18; n = 5). The median calibration time was 79 min. The median training time for learning to use the interface in a subsequent task was 1:40 min. In each task, every participant demonstrated successful performance, surpassing chance levels. ConclusionThe results constitute the first proof-of-concept of a general purpose computer-brain interface paradigm that could be deployed on present-day medical SCS platforms.

Determination of the relative sensitivity of polyaniline inks and films to deprotonation by ammonia using UV–Vis spectroscopy

The deprotonation behavior of conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) is an important functional parameter in the design of novel printed electronic devices, particularly for sensors and energy storage. PANI can be fabricated into films from precursor liquid-processable ‘ink’ formulations. The effective determination and comparison of the deprotonation behavior of such inks is critical to understanding their subsequent functional performance. While protonation can be measured by titration with protonating and deprotonating agents using UV–vis spectroscopy, comparative analysis has proven challenging due to complexities in the measurement of polymer concentration and consequent lack of comparability. This work introduced a coherent approach to establishing the arbitrary concentration of PANI ink formulations. Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA)-micellar doped PANI nanoparticles suspended in sodium dodecyl sulfate were prepared using various monomer, oxidant, and dopant ratios, titrated with ammonia and analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy. Isosbestic points unaffected by doping or protonation state were used to establish arbitrary polymer concentration. Similar titrations on films prepared from these formulations were performed using ammonia in the gas phase and were based on calculations of deposited mass. Parameters such as a ‘doping capacity’, and their relative sensitivity to ammonia could be determined, which could in turn be related to the physical and chemical compositions of the resulting inks and films. The developed methodology has the potential to be a simple and convenient means with which to compare and optimize the functional deprotonation behavior of conducting polymer inks and films for device development and production optimization.

Comparing the cognitive performance of action video game players and age-matched controls following a cognitively fatiguing task: A stage 2 registered report.

Recent work demonstrates that those who regularly play action video games (AVGs) consistently outperform non-gamer (NG) controls on tests of various cognitive abilities. AVGs place high demands on several cognitive functions and are often engaged with for long periods of time (e.g., over 2 h), predisposing players to experiencing cognitive fatigue. The detrimental effects of cognitive fatigue have been widely studied in various contexts where accurate performance is crucial, including aviation, military, and sport. Even though AVG players may be prone to experiencing cognitive fatigue, this topic has received little research attention to date. In this study, we compared the effect of a cognitively fatiguing task on the subsequent cognitive performance of action video game players and NG control participants. Our results indicated AVGs showed superior spatial working memory and complex attention abilities while showing no difference from NGs on simple attention performance. Additionally, we found that our cognitive fatigue and control interventions did not differentially affect the cognitive performance of AVGs and NGs in this study. This pre-registered study provides evidence that AVGs show superior cognitive abilities in comparison to a non-gaming population, but do not appear more resilient to cognitive fatigue.

DTR-GAN: An Unsupervised Bidirectional Translation Generative Adversarial Network for MRI-CT Registration

Medical image registration is a fundamental and indispensable element in medical image analysis, which can establish spatial consistency among corresponding anatomical structures across various medical images. Since images with different modalities exhibit different features, it remains a challenge to find their exact correspondence. Most of the current methods based on image-to-image translation cannot fully leverage the available information, which will affect the subsequent registration performance. To solve the problem, we develop an unsupervised multimodal image registration method named DTR-GAN. Firstly, we design a multimodal registration framework via a bidirectional translation network to transform the multimodal image registration into a unimodal registration, which can effectively use the complementary information of different modalities. Then, to enhance the quality of the transformed images in the translation network, we design a multiscale encoder–decoder network that effectively captures both local and global features in images. Finally, we propose a mixed similarity loss to encourage the warped image to be closer to the target image in deep features. We extensively evaluate methods for MRI-CT image registration tasks of the abdominal cavity with advanced unsupervised multimodal image registration approaches. The results indicate that DTR-GAN obtains a competitive performance compared to other methods in MRI-CT registration. Compared with DFR, DTR-GAN has not only obtained performance improvements of 2.35% and 2.08% in the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of MRI-CT registration and CT-MRI registration on the Learn2Reg dataset but has also decreased the average symmetric surface distance (ASD) by 0.33 mm and 0.12 mm on the Learn2Reg dataset.

The Influence of Unstable Load and Traditional Free-Weight Back Squat Exercise on Subsequent Countermovement Jump Performance.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a back squat exercise with unstable load (UN) and traditional free-weight resistance (FWR) on subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. After familiarisation, thirteen physically active males with experience in resistance training visited the laboratory on two occasions during either experimental (UN) or control (FWR) conditions separated by at least 72 h. In both sessions, participants completed a task-specific warm-up routine followed by three maximum CMJs (pre-intervention; baseline) and a set of three repetitions of either UN or FWR back squat exercise at 85% 1-RM. During the UN condition, the unstable load was suspended from the bar with elastic bands and accounted for 15% of the total load. Post-intervention, three maximum CMJs were performed at 30 s, 4 min, 8 min and 12 min after the last repetition of the intervention. The highest CMJ for each participant was identified for each timepoint. No significant increases (p > 0.05) in jump height, peak concentric power, or peak rate of force development (RFD) were found after the FWR or UN conditions at any timepoint. The lack of improvements following both FWR and UN conditions may be a consequence of the low percentage of unstable load and the inclusion of a comprehensive task-specific warm-up. Further research is required to explore higher UN load percentages (>15%) and the chronic effects following the implementation of a resistance training programme.