Subjective Reasons Research Articles

Respect for Constitutional Rights of Individuals in Platform Economy

The paper dwells on the issue of respect for labor and social rights of individuals enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in sectors of the economy that are partially or completely switching to activities in an economic model based on the use of digital platforms (platform economy). The strengths and weaknesses of this method of organizing activities for workers employed in the industries under consideration are elucidated in the context of both labor and civil law relations, including workers having the status of self-employed workers. The main possible reasons for the transition of economic entities to activities within the framework of the platform economy, including with a change in the nature of legal relations, are justified through a set of objective (economic and social) and subjective (related to the education, abilities and motivation of a potential employee) reasons. Avito.ru Internet platform is monitored to find job vacancies, within which ensuring the proper implementation of сonstitutional rights of citizens is possible exclusively within the framework of labor legal relations. The analysis of the conditions of employment offered by actual employers reveals typical potential and actual violations of human rights in relation to both an employee and third parties. Based on the results of the analysis of practice, the author offers a number of measures aimed at eliminating the identified prerequisites for violating the constitutional rights of citizens. In particular, the ban on attracting persons as self-employed to perform work or provide services that pose a threat of violation of their rights or the rights of third parties in the event of this activity outside the framework of labor legal relations, as well as the possibility of recognizing civil law relations between the actual employer and an individual in the status of self-employed actual labor relations.

FEATURES OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND LYMPHOTROPIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PLEURAL EMPYEMA

Abstract. Acute empyema belongs to the category of severe surgical pathology. The difficulty of its treatment is caused by a number of objective and subjective reasons, in particular such as wide spread of antibiotic-resistant microflora and population allergy. Carefully collected analysis, patient’s examination, study of lungs function indicators, data of laboratory and X-ray studies, performing of serological, immunological and allergic tests do not always allow to identify the cause of acute empyema and are often not sufficient to identify its etiology. In spite of a great number of proposed methods of acute pleural empyema treatment, study of long-term results of all types of treatment shows that they do not guarantee 100% success. The outlined data indicates the necessity of improvement of etiotropic therapy in patients with pleural empyema. Constant search for new effective methods of treatment of the aimed pathology proves the relevance of the theme. The data outlined in this article indicates the necessity of improvement of etiotropic therapy in patients with pleural empyema.

Problems of applying incentives in civil law

The article notes that incentives are rarely used in civil law due to both objective and subjective reasons. The objective reason is the peculiarities of the law-regulatory methodology of civil law itself, but they are not an obstacle to the use of incentives in civil law. The specifics of the civil law methodology only determine a certain secondary importance of incentives as legal means of regulating civil relations, but do not exclude the possibility and necessity of their application in general. The subjective reasons are the lack of sufficiently developed general provisions in the civil law doctrine and the lack of provisions of similar content in civil law. Elimination of the latter two subjective obstacles will in the future allow intensifying the use of incentives in the self-regulation of civil relations. Based on the principles of freedom of contract and freedom of unilateral transactions, civil law subjects are free to choose the methods of regulating their relations. This freedom also applies to their choice of incentives as legal means of regulating their individual relations. Increased use of incentives in civil law should be expected primarily in self-regulatory relations. The advantage of using incentives, as compared to the methods of ensuring proper performance of obligations (pledge, surety, retention, etc.), as well as measures of civil liability or other legal consequences, is that incentives are positive sanctions by their nature, i.e. a reward for making maximum efforts to achieve a certain legal result by the subject. This circumstance allows the parties to contractual legal relations to strengthen their ties and create an atmosphere of trust rather than suspicion. This is especially important for contractual relations in the business sector, where the duration of economic and legal relations is one of the determining factors of business success. The use of methods to ensure the proper fulfilment of contractual obligations, and even more so, measures of liability or other legal consequences for breach of obligations, generates negative tension or even leads to the termination of business relations.

REDUCING FLOOD RISK THROUGH DESIGN SCENARIOS FOR HEAVY RAIN, TIDES, AND UR-BANIZATION IN CAI RANG DISTRICT, CAN THO CITY: PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

Urbanization often comes with flooding problems. The objective and subjective reasons why this situation persists and becomes increasingly serious are climate change and the concretization process. Currently, many studies have proposed solutions to forecast and warn of rain and tide causing urban flooding or methods to reduce flooding with sustainable green buildings. However, these solutions are all built on the old urban foundation, so flooding continues and the effectiveness of flood reduction is not high. In this article, the authors research the new urban area of Nam Can Tho, Cai Rang district, Can Tho City. This area is in the process of planning for infrastructure construction, so initial solutions have been proposed. Preventing flood risks caused by uncontrolled and unsynchronized urbanization is extremely necessary.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR FORMING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF SENIOR PRESCHOOLERS DURING GAMING ACTIVITIES

The interpersonal relationships of senior preschoolers with their peers are constantly changing for objective and subjective reasons related to the educational features of the kindergarten and the relationships that have developed in the family. The nature of interpersonal relationships and the features of their manifestation are subject to additional study, especially when these relationships are manifested during gaming activities. While studying interpersonal relationships, we have taken into account children’s communicative abilities, trust towards each other, their desires, the ability to react to peers, their preferences, interests in play and other factors, which in our opinion, are more significant for obtaining a more complete view of interpersonal relationships. The adjustment of methods for diagnosing interpersonal relationships are emphasized in the article, and targeted game situations, game performances are suggested.

Development trends in the management consulting industry in dental medical organizations

The evolution of healthcare industry management corresponds to management trends in the global economy. Reforming medicine within the framework of the concepts of sustainable development, value-oriented approach, person-centeredness, as well as challenges due to the pandemic provide a number of relevant tasks and subjects for management consulting. A comparison of the market volumes of domestic and foreign medical management consulting shows a significant difference in the demand for this field of activity. It is necessary to explore the objective and subjective reasons for the restrictions on the development of domestic management consulting. The purpose of the study is to identify problems of management consulting in dental practice. The authors set the task of reviewing foreign and domestic sources of scientific literature and analytical reporting on the management consulting market, clarifying the main economic trends in domestic and foreign consulting services in healthcare, and identifying indicators and performance factors for management consulting in dental institutions. The methodology of content analysis of scientific information made it possible to draw conclusions about the state of the industry and formulate recommendations for its scaling. The results of the study confirmed the relevance of management consulting for the management and staff of dental organizations and the need for the development of the industry. The challenges of modern management increase the need to attract experts and professional management consultants to dental organizations.

Internet addiction in late adolescence: profile and patterns of use

Introduction: Cross-sectional school-based epidemiological survey, conducted in 2016 and 2017, from a representative sample of 15 to 19-year-old students enrolled in the Greater Vitória Metropolitan Region (RMGV-ES), Espírito Santo, Brazil. Objectives: To verify the association between Internet Addiction, sociodemographic characteristics and the pattern of Internet and social media use. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 2293 students. The sociodemographic data of the individuals and information on internet and social media dependence were verified using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Frequencies were calculated and Chi-square and Binomial Logistic Regression tests were applied. Results: Internet addiction was associated with adolescents in the early years (p = 0.001), those with less-educated household heads (p = 0.018), and those who spent four or more hours a day surfing the internet (p < 0.001) and those who used the Internet every day of the week (p = 0.004). Internet addiction was also associated with the use of Twitter (p-value = 0.040), subjective reasons for use (p = 0.001) and those who stopped using it for social reasons (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Public policies that envision the education of adolescents and their families, as well as protection focused on the most susceptible individuals, should be developed. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent adolescents from having daily access to the Internet, not exceeding four hours of use, in order to reduce the risk of dependence and protect the individual from this situation.

Comparison of the effects of child-centered playful companionship and pharmacological sedation in alleviating preoperative anxiety in preschool children

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of child-centered playful companionship and sedative medication in alleviating preoperative anxiety in preschool children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3 825 preschool children (3-6 years) who underwent elective surgery at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from April 2021 to March 2022. The children were divided into three groups based on the preoperative anxiolytic intervention: child-centered playful companionship group (n=2 198), pharmacological sedation group (n=1 281), and no intervention group (n=346). The pharmacological sedation group received intranasal dexmedetomidine at 2 μg/kg or oral midazolam syrup at 0.5 mg/kg. The child-centered playful companionship group received care from certified preoperative sedation nurses using a child-centered playful nursing model. The no intervention group did not receive any anti-anxiety measures due to various subjective and objective reasons. Preoperative separation anxiety scores (PSAS), sedation medication usage, and Ramsay sedation scores were recorded for all children. The primary outcome was the success rate of separation based on PSAS scores across different anxiolytic intervention groups, while the secondary outcome was the Ramsay sedation score. Results: The child-centered playful companionship group included 1 462 boys and 736 girls, with a median age [M (Q1, Q3)]of 59 (49, 69) months. The pharmacological sedation group included 824 boys and 457 girls, with a median age of 52 (42, 61) months; and the no intervention group included 212 boys and 134 girls, with a median age of 57 (48, 69) months. The success rate of separation in the child-centered playful companionship group was 95.6% (2 102/2 198), and in the pharmacological sedation group was 93.8% (1 202/1 281), both significantly higher than the 43.6% (151/346) of the no intervention group (all P<0.05). Among the 1 281 children in the pharmacological sedation group, 785 received oral midazolam and 496 received intranasal dexmedetomidine. Compared to the intranasal dexmedetomidine group, the oral midazolam group was younger, had a lower body weight and a higher proportion of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class Ⅲ (all P<0.05). The success rate of separation was 93.4% (733/785) in the oral midazolam group and 94.6% (469/496) in the intranasal dexmedetomidine group, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.392). The Ramsay sedation score was 2 (2, 2) in the intranasal dexmedetomidine group, better than the 2 (2, 2) of the oral midazolam group (P=0.024). Conclusion: Both child-centered playful companionship and pharmacological sedation effectively alleviate preoperative anxiety in preschool children.

Breast Implant Removal-Only: The Role of Targeted Compression.

The number of women seeking explantation of their breast implants has increased in recent years. Anxiety due to potential health problems has been one of the major catalysts. Mastopexy with or without autoaugmentation and fat grafting are the main techniques used in breast implant removal surgery. To analyse the aesthetic and satisfactory outcomes after simple breast implant removal assisted by targeted compression. Twenty-eight patients were included in the series. Targeted compression of the breast after implant removal was performed during the 1st month. A satisfaction survey using a Likert scale was used before and after the final visit. The patients were followed up for 1year. The mean age of the patients was 41years old, and the mean time between implantation and removal was 10years. Subjective reasons for removal (46.4% of the patients) were more frequent in women with less time since implantation (5 years) versus 15years for implant-related problems. A total of 57.14% of the women were satisfied with the aesthetic result, and 42.86% were very satisfied. Only 17.8% of the total would consider an aesthetic refinement. Simple breast implant removal yields good aesthetic outcomes, and patients are satisfied with the results. Good management of compression of the breast and close follow-up to treat any collection in the pocket provides good adhesion and allows for effective management of the process of deflation and setting of the breast mound. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Health Problems of Professional Ballet Dancers: an Analysis of 1627 Weekly Self-Reports on Injuries, Illnesses and Mental Health Problems During One Season

BackgroundSeveral studies have investigated injuries of (pre-)professional ballet dancers, however most used a medical-attention and/or time-loss definition and did not analyse the prevalence of all health problems. The aim was to analyse the frequency and characteristics of all self-reported physical and mental health complaints (i.e. injuries, illnesses and mental health problems) of professional ballet dancers during one season.MethodsThree professional ballet companies were prospectively monitored weekly during one season with the Performing artist and Athlete Health Monitor (PAHM). Numerical rating scales (ranging 0–10) were used for severity of musculoskeletal pain, all health problems and impairment of the ability to dance at full potential in the previous seven days. If dancers rated the severity of their health problems or their impairment greater than 0, they were asked to answer specific questions on the characteristics of each health problem.ResultsOver a period of 44 weeks, 57 dancers (57.9% female) filled in 1627 weekly reports (response rate of 64.9%), in which 1020 (62.7%) health problem were registered. The dancers reported musculoskeletal pain in 82.2% of the weeks. They felt that their ability to dance at their full potential was affected due to a health problem in about every second week (52.6%) or on at least 29.1% of the days documented in the weekly reports. Almost all dancers (96.5%) reported at least one injury, almost two thirds (64.9%) an illness and more than a quarter (28.1%) a mental health problem. On average, every dancer reported 5.6 health problems during the season. Most of the 320 health problems were injuries (73.1%), 16.9% illnesses and 10.0% mental health problems. Injuries affected mainly ankle, thigh, foot, and lower back and were mostly incurred during rehearsal (41.6%) or training (26.1%). The most frequent subjective reasons of injury were “too much workload” (35.3%), “tiredness/exhaustion” (n = 22.4%) and “stress/overload/insufficient regeneration” (n = 21.6%).ConclusionPreventive interventions are urgently required to reduce the prevalence of health problems and especially injuries of professional dancers. Injury prevention measures should regard the balance of the load capacity of professional dancers and the workload in training, rehearsals and performances.

PROBLEMS OF ELIMINATING LEGAL CONFLICTS OF LEGISLATION REGARDING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH PROTECTION

Introduction. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the problem of legal conflicts regarding the activities of public administration in the field of health care is extremely important for any legal democratic society that is in the process of building or reforming its state system. The issue of collisions becomes especially important in the context of the reform of the administrative system and public administration in Ukraine, which has been going on for ten years, as well as in the conditions of bringing the legal framework into compliance with the requirements of martial law and European integration processes. Legal disputes can lead to inconsistencies in legislation, delays in decision-making, and even legal confusion, which is unacceptable in wartime. Understanding how to overcome legal conflicts can lead to faster and more efficient governance, especially between authorities in different countries and regions. This ensures not only better coordination, but also protection of the rights of citizens who may suffer from unclear legislation. The aim of the study. Identify and characterize conflicting points in the current legislation that regulate the activities of public administration in the field of health care. Materials and methods. In the course of conducting an in-depth study on the regulatory and legal regulation of the activities of the public administration in the field of health care, as a result of which 250 workers in the field of health care were interviewed, which confirm the imperfection of the current legislation in the field of health care. The results showed that the majority of medical workers do not support making any amendments to the legislation – 86% of them, 2% – support the global change of the current legislation, 2% refrained from answering. Results and discussion. The authors comprehensively define legal disputes in the field of healthcare as legal contradictions that arise due to subjective or objective reasons or errors during the implementation by patients of their rights and obligations due to the adoption of legal acts containing conflicting norms. In addition, legal disputes have the following features. First, they depend on the national legal system and, accordingly, on the legal regulation in the field of health care. Secondly, the sphere of public medical legal relations, in which legal disputes most often arise, is the question of medical significance. Thirdly, legal disputes most often arise when regulating typical issues, such as establishing the quality and efficiency of the provision of medical services; management of medical teams; possession, use and disposal of communal property. Conclusions. the proposed reforms of public administration in the field of health care have the potential to further guarantee the realization of everyone's right to health care. Summarizing the key directions of solving legal conflicts in the field of health care, the following tasks can be identified: 1) state guarantees of free medical care for socially vulnerable population groups; 2) introduction of adequate health care financing and an effective system of mandatory health insurance; 3) creation of conditions for the free development of entrepreneurship in the field of health care and formation of the basis for competition between medical institutions and formation of the basis for fair competition between health care institutions; 4) improvement of the country's legislation in the field of health care in accordance with international legal standards; 5) create optimal conditions for healthy childbirth, primarily in terms of living conditions, education and nutrition; 6) implement an active demographic policy aimed at increasing the birth rate and reducing the mortality rate; 7) ensure the ability to meet the needs of the population, primarily in the sphere of health care, education and nutrition.

ŞƏXSİYYƏTLƏRARASI ZİDDİYYƏTLƏRİN PSİXO-PEDAQOJİ VƏ GENDER SƏBƏBLƏRİ

Psychopedagogical and Gender Causes of Interpersonal Conflicts Summary Analysis of the problem showed that in the psychology of both Azerbaijan and foreign countries there are different approaches to the interpretation, justification and classification of the problem of interpersonal conflict. Along with this, a generalization of the existing approach allows us to understand interpersonal conflict as a complex, psychological pattern in the development of personality, which represents a confrontation between the value-semantic spheres of the individual, arising at the motivational-cognitive, emotional-behavioral levels. Key words: interpersonal conflicts, gender features, personality development, objective and subjective reason of contradictions, theory of education

P-143 Comparison of clinical outcomes between overnight warmed and embryo transfer day warmed blastocysts in frozen embryo transfer cycles

Abstract Study question Is there any difference between clinical outcomes of overnight warmed (ONW) and embryo transfer day warmed (ETDW) blastocysts in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles? Summary answer ETDW blastocysts had better clinical outcomes compared to ONW blastocysts in FET cycles. What is known already Some studies reported that the resumption of mitosis in thawed cleavage-stage embryos resulted in significantly better clinical outcomes in FET cycles. Unnecessary transfer of non-functioning embryos can be avoided by incubating thawed embryos overnight to deselect embryos that developed abnormally or failed to undergo additional cleavage. The synchronisation between a viable embryo and a receptive endometrium is vital for successful implantation to take place. The optimal implantation rates occur with embryo-endometrial developmental asynchrony of ± 1.5 days or less. The implantation rates are progressively reduced when embryo-endometrial development asynchrony is greater than 3 days. Study design, size, duration This was a retrospective study involving 2368 FET cycles in KKIVF Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore from Jan 2021 to Dec 2022. The transfer of embryos or blastocysts derived from thawed oocytes, cleavage-stage embryos, double blastocysts and cultured blastocysts from thawed cleavage-stage embryos were excluded. Only single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfers (n = 1445) were included in this study. Participants/materials, setting, methods Cryopreserved blastocysts were routinely warmed one day before embryo transfer (ET) using Vit Kit - Warm (FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific®) and incubated overnight (ONW group). However, when ETs fell on Monday or post public holiday, vitrified blastocysts were warmed on ET day (ETDW group). Regardless of blastocyst age, surviving blastocysts were transferred into day 5 endometrium. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test or Chi-square test. Differences with P &amp;lt; 0.05 were considered as significant. Main results and the role of chance No statistical significant difference was observed in terms of maternal age distribution at the time of oocyte retrieval between ONW and ETDW groups (34.26 ± 3.29 vs. 34.49 ± 3.22, P = 0.221). Overall, clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) and live birth rates (LBR) were significantly higher in the ETDW group (CPR: 47.47% vs. 40.47%, P &amp;lt; 0.01; LBR: 34.99% vs. 28.78%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Clinical outcomes were comparable in both ONW and ETDW groups for vitrified-warmed day 5 blastocyst transfers (CPR: 51.27% vs. 58.44%, P = 0.11; LBR: 37.06% vs. 44.81%, P = 0.07). CPR (45.02% vs. 25.71%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and LBR (32.03% vs. 17.45%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) were significantly increased when vitrified day 6 blastocysts were warmed and transferred on the actual day of ET. 18.42% CPR and 13.16% LBR were achieved when vitrified-warmed day 7 blastocysts were transferred on the ET day itself. However, transfer of vitrified-warmed day 7 blastocysts in the ONW group did not result in any pregnancy. Limitations, reasons for caution Study subjects were not stratified according to patient’s age band and blastocyst quality. Age itself is an independent determinant of blastocyst quality which can affect clinical outcomes. Wider implications of the findings Warming of a vitrified blastocyst on ET day is preferred regardless of blastocyst age. However, to facilitate seamless operation in laboratory, overnight warming for vitrified day 5 blastocysts is feasible without compromising clinical outcomes. Trial registration number Not applicable

Subiektywny, obiektywny czy mieszany charakter rozboju kwalifikowanego?,

"The aim of this article was to address the issue of an object similarly dangerous to a knife or a firearm within the meaning of Article 280 § 2 of Penal Code to answer the question whether the qualified nature of this type of an offence originates from objective, subjective or mixed reasons. The focus was on what is meant by the concept of danger to which Article 280 § 2 of Penal Code refers, an analysis of which was carried out taking into account the doctrine and jurisprudence. It was emphasised that for the purposes of the cited type of prohibited act, it is necessary to examine the characteristics of a specific object which is evidence in the case, including a knife and a firearm, as the presumption of dangerousness covering them can be rebutted. Subsequently, it was considered which legal good is protected by the sanctioned norm of the Article 280 § 2 of Penal Code and juxtaposed with exemplary situational cases. As a result of this analysis, the conclusion was drawn that the qualified nature of robbery under Article 280 § 2 of Penal Code originates from objective factors, while subjective factors are not relevant for the fulfillment of the elements of this type of criminal act."

Students' Mathematical Argumentation with the Visualizer Cognitive Style in Proving the Congruence of Triangles

The use of axiomatic deductiveism, perception problems, mathematical visual representations and how students convey arguments as a bridge in proving geometric problems are obstacles that are often faced by students. This research aims to describe how prospective mathematics teacher students who have a visualiser cognitive style convey their mathematical arguments in explaining proofs related to triangle congruence. The subjects of this research were selected from students who have a visualizer cognitive style who had previously been given a cognitive style questionnaire. The research subjects consisted of 3 subjects, each with high (S1), medium (S2) and low (S3) mathematics abilities. Data were analyzed using Toulmin argumentation components. The research results show that S1 provides proof based on correct claims, providing fairly complete data both from the question statement and additional data resulting from the subject's reasoning which is used to decide on the claim. The subject uses several warrants and is supported by logical backing to connect the data with the claim. For S2 and S3 to provide final answers or false claims, they have incomplete data as a basis for deciding claims because the subject is mistaken in representing the image and is deep in mathematical literacy related to errors in describing the visualization in the image.

직업선택의 자유의 제한과 자격제도

This article begins with a fundamental question about the level of qualifications required by the qualification system and conducts a constitutional review of the unconstitutionality of the quota system selection method in the qualification system. While the qualification system is essentially intended to evaluate qualifications and abilities, the quota system is seen as being determined by a complex combination of social demands and other interests. However, in the 2008 Heonba 110 decision, the Constitutional Court ruled that the quota system (relative evaluation) selection method under the bar examination system did not violate the principle of prohibition of excess, and this article examines the arguments of the existing Constitutional Court decision to discuss the various qualification systems currently in progress. In this regard, the intention was to proceed with a constitutional explanation regarding the quota system. In the main text, the review criteria for freedom of occupational choice are identified as a prerequisite, the German three-stage theory and the Constitutional Court are compared and reviewed, and then the Constitutional Court decision is reviewed. In conclusion, this article believes that the quota selection method contains objective factors that are unrelated to the ability or talent of the person involved. Even if some subjective reasons are acknowledged, it would be necessary to conduct a more rigorous review of the restrictions on occupational choice in the case, at least in the sense that objective reasons are also present. Furthermore, as a result of a new review of the Constitutional Court's argument, we looked at the quota system from the perspective that it violates the principle of prohibition of excess and has the potential to infringe on occupational freedom. In order to reduce the unconstitutionality of the quorum system, it is believed that there is a need to reform the qualification system by at least incorporating the method of absolute evaluation so that it can be objectively recognized as a verification to evaluate ability or qualifications.

Analysis of the Causes of the Formation of the “Involution” of Chinese Family Education

Starting from the influence of Chinese traditional reading culture on contemporary Chinese family education, this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of the “involution” of Chinese family education. The involution means to have fierce competition but no good feedbacks. This study found that the objective reasons include China's national education policy, and the subjective reasons come from the current family education; there are problems such as incomplete awareness of parents' education, lack of educational ability, education comparison and so on. It is proposed that the correct values and competition views should be cultivated among family members so that parents can take the initiative to break the barriers of education and promote the all-around development and healthy growth of children. This article focuses on the role of family education and the educational methods to prevent “involution”, which may provide another way for China's family education.

Worry as Important “Feelers” in Clinical Anesthesia Practice: A Mixed-Methods Study

PurposeWorry is an intuitive sense that goes beyond logical reasoning and is valuable in situations where patients’ conditions are rapidly changing or when objective data may not fully capture the complexity of a patient’s situation. Nurse anesthetists’ subjective reasons for worry are quite vague as they are valued inconsistently and not accurately expressed. This study aimed to identify factors playing a role in the emergence of worry during anesthesia practice to clarify its concept. DesignMixed-methods design consisting of quantitative online surveys followed by qualitative focus group interviews including Dutch nurse anesthetists. MethodsBoth quantitative and qualitative thematic analyses were performed, followed by data and methodological triangulation to enhance the validity and credibility of findings and mitigate the presence of bias. FindingsSurveys (N = 102) were analyzed, and 14 nurse anesthetists participated in the focus group interviews. A total of 89% of the survey respondents reported that at least once have had the feeling of worry, of which 92% use worry during clinical anesthesia practice. Worry was mentioned to be a vital element during anesthesia practice that makes it possible to take precautionary actions to change the anesthetic care plan in a changing situation or patient deterioration. ConclusionsWhile a clear definition of worry could not be given, it is a valuable element of anesthesia practice as it serves as a catalyst for critical thinking, problem-solving, clinical reasoning, and decision-making. Use of the feeling of worry alongside technological systems to make an informed decision is crucial. Technology has significantly improved the ability of health care providers to detect and respond to patient deterioration promptly, but it is crucial for nurse anesthetists to use their feeling of worry or intuition alongside technological systems and evidence-based practice to ensure quick assessments or judgments based on experience, knowledge, and observations in clinical practice.

The Perception of Fascist and National Socialist Ideologies During the Second World War in Albania

The Albanian Communist Party was born as a Bolshevik-style party, endowed with a non-Bolshevik but social democratic program, such as popular democracy. To shed light on the factors that determined the arrival of the communist regime in Albania, it is necessary to start the analysis from its roots, that is, since the establishment of the communist regime in Albania. For his part, although the communist regime was established in Albania immediately after the end of World War II, the roots of the phenomenon must be sought from the beginning of the war, even a few months earlier when Albania was invaded on April 7, 1939, by fascist Italy. When Albania was invaded by fascist Italy, no one inside or outside the country predicted, nor could have predicted, that at the end of World War II, the Albanian Communist Party would take power into its own hands. There were subjective and objective reasons for this. First of all, when World War II broke out, Albania was the only country in the Balkans that did not have a Communist Party. However, the absence of the Communist Party was largely a subjective factor. The establishment of the communist regime in Albania was for objective reasons a completely paradoxical phenomenon. Albania, the youngest state in Europe, at the same time its most backward state, with a population of one million and forty thousand inhabitants, had no developed industry, ie no working class in the eyes of the proletariat, as conceived by Marxist doctrine. According to Marxist definitions, Albania was a micro-bourgeois country, that is, without capitalist owners and capitalist institutions, to the extent that they justified the socialist revolution. In addition, the Albanian population was overwhelmingly still illiterate. There were only a few isolated nuclei or communist groups with few members composed mainly of artisans and students, who were further characterized by ideological perversion and worse still by political rivalries between them. The question before historians is this: How can it be explained that despite all these disadvantages, the Albanian Communist Party, which was founded two and a half years after the occupation of the country by fascist Italy, on November 8, 1941, managed to face the war against the occupiers within three years. Nazi fascists and against internal nationalist factors, to take political power in Albania at the end of the Second World War? In addition, how is it that the Albanian Communist Party, unlike its Eastern European counterparts, seized political power on its own, without the presence of Soviet armies, which are not known to have invaded Albania? Albania's position during the Second World War and especially the National Liberation War must be judged by ourselves, regardless of who led it. We must judge it as we do in every historical event. The communist dictatorship that was established in Albania should not blind us to the judgment we give in the national liberation war. The communist regime is not a necessary offspring of the National Liberation War. In my opinion, the establishment of the communist regime is the result of mistakes made during the national liberation war, it is a consequence of the poverty of the political culture of the Albanian people, the lack of traditional political parties, the naivety of the Communist Party leaders, the illusions of united nationalists with the National Liberation Front, of myopia, of the leaders of the National Front, which were used by Enver Hoxha to realize under the umbrella of patriotic war his dictatorial ambitions. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024

A Brief Analysis of the Subjective Reasons for Chris’s Success in The Pursuit of Happyness

In life, opportunities and challenges coexist, and success and failure are linked. In today's society, it is difficult to figure out the factors that affect people's success or failure; however, there is always a way to succeed and a reason to fail. In an environment where people aspire to success and seek to realize their self-worth, it is a long and arduous process to learn to overcome the causes of failure, uphold one's beliefs, and ultimately achieve success, and the American film The Pursuit of Happyness can bring inspiration accordingly. The film is based on a true incident, and the main character, Chris, is modeled after African-American investment expert Chris Gardner. In the film, despite the misfortunes of both his career and his family, Chris is able to create his own happiness through his struggle and enterprising spirit in the end. The success of Chris in the film can be attributed to several factors. Based on the analysis of the direction Chris chooses to struggle, his beliefs, willpower, love for his son, and attitude, this article explores the subjective factors that lead to his eventual career success. Through the analysis of the subjective reasons for Chris’s success, it will positively impact people’s lives and help them to shape positive values, so that even in adversity, people will still struggle and work hard to get their own achievements.