Group SU Research Articles

Radial oscillations in neutron stars with delta baryons

We investigate the effect of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ baryons on the radial oscillations of neutron and hyperon stars, employing a density-dependent relativistic mean-field model. The spin-$3/2$ baryons are described by the Rarita-Schwinger Lagrangian density. The baryon-meson coupling constants for the spin-$3/2$ decuplet and the spin-$1/2$ baryonic octet are calculated using a unified approach relying on the fact that the Yukawa couplings present in the Lagrangian density of the mean-field models must be invariant under the SU(3) and SU(6) group transformations. We calculate the 20 lowest eigenfrequencies and corresponding oscillation functions of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$-inclusive nuclear ($\mathrm{N}+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$) and hyperonic matter ($\mathrm{N}+\mathrm{H}+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$) by solving the Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem and also verifying its validity. We see that the lowest mode frequencies for $\mathrm{N}+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ and $\mathrm{N}+\mathrm{H}$ EoSs are higher as compared to the pure nucleonic matter because of the deltas and hyperons present. Furthermore, the separation between consecutive modes increases with the addition of hyperons and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$s.

Defect correlators in a mathcal{N} = 2 SCFT at strong coupling

We study the correlation function between one single-trace scalar operator and a circular Wilson loop in the 4d mathcal{N} = 2 superconformal field theory with gauge group SU(N) and matter transforming in the symmetric and anti-symmetric representations. By exploiting supersymmetric localization, we resum the perturbative expansion of this correlator in the large-N ’t Hooft limit. Furthermore, using both analytical and numerical techniques, we provide a prediction for the leading term of its strong coupling expansion and we compare this prediction to numerical Padé resummations of the perturbative series.

An asymptotic formula for the number of $n$-dimensional representations of SU(3)

We prove an asymptotic formula for the number of n -dimensional representations of the group SU(3) Main tools for the proof are Wright’s circle method and the saddle point method.

Emergent N=4 Supersymmetry from N=1.

We discover a four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric field theory that is dual to the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(2n+1) for each n. The dual theory is constructed through the diagonal gauging of the SU(2n+1) flavor symmetry of three copies of a strongly coupled superconformal field theory (SCFT) of Argyres-Douglas type. We find that this theory flows in the infrared to a strongly coupled N=1 SCFT that lies on the same conformal manifold as N=4 super Yang-Mills with gauge group SU(2n+1). Our construction provides a hint on why certain N=1, 2 SCFTs have identical central charges (a=c).

$${\hat{Z}}$$-Invariant for SO(3) and OSp(1|2) Groups

Three-manifold invariants $${\hat{Z}}$$ (“Z-hat”), also known as homological blocks, are q-series with integer coefficients. Explicit q-series form for $${\hat{Z}}$$ is known for SU(2) group, supergroup SU(2|1) and orthosymplectic supergroup OSp(2|2). We focus on $${\hat{Z}}$$ for SO(3) group and orthosymplectic supergroup OSp(1|2) in this paper. Particularly, the change of variable relating SU(2) link invariants to the SO(3) and OSp(1|2) link invariants plays a crucial role in explicitly writing the q-series.

A Novel Gene List Identifies Tumors with a Stromal-Mesenchymal Phenotype and Worse Prognosis in Gastric Cancer.

Molecular biomarkers that predict disease progression can help identify tumor subtypes and shape treatment plans. In this study, we aimed to identify robust biomarkers of prognosis in gastric cancer based on transcriptomic data obtained from primary gastric tumors. Microarray, RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing-based gene expression data from gastric tumors were obtained from public databases. Freshly frozen gastric tumors (n = 42) and matched FFPE (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) (n = 40) tissues from a Turkish gastric cancer cohort were used for quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry-based assessments of gene expression, respectively. A novel list of 20 prognostic genes was identified and used for the classification of gastric tumors into two major tumor subgroups with differential stromal gene expression ("Stromal-UP" (SU) and "Stromal-DOWN" (SD)). The SU group had a more mesenchymal profile with an enrichment of extracellular matrix-related gene sets and a poor prognosis compared to the SD group. Expression of the genes within the signature correlated with the expression of mesenchymal markers ex vivo. A higher stromal content in FFPE tissues was associated with shorter overall survival. A stroma-rich, mesenchymal subgroup among gastric tumors identifies an unfavorable clinical outcome in all cohorts tested.

Geometry of SU(3)-character varieties of torus knots

We describe the geometry of the character variety of representations of the knot group Γm,n=〈x,y|xn=ym〉 into the group SU(3), by stratifying the character variety into strata corresponding to totally reducible representations, representations decomposing into a 2-dimensional and a 1-dimensional representation, and irreducible representations, the latter of two types depending on whether the matrices have distinct eigenvalues, or one of the matrices has one eigenvalue of multiplicity 2. We describe how the closure of each stratum meets lower strata, and use this to compute the compactly supported Euler characteristic, and to prove that the inclusion of the character variety for SU(3) into the character variety for SL(3,C) is a homotopy equivalence.

Free energy on the sphere for non-abelian gauge theories

We compute the Sd partition function of the fixed point of non-abelian gauge theories in continuous d, using the ϵ-expansion around d = 4. We illustrate in detail the technical aspects of the calculation, including all the factors arising from the gauge-fixing procedure, and the method to deal with the zero-modes of the ghosts. We obtain the result up to NLO, i.e. including two-loop vacuum diagrams. Depending on the sign of the one-loop beta function, there is a fixed point with real gauge coupling in d > 4 or d < 4. In the first case we extrapolate to d = 5 to test a recently proposed construction of the UV fixed point of 5d SU(2) Yang-Mills via a susy-breaking deformation of the E1 SCFT. We find that the F theorem allows the proposed RG flow. In the second case we extrapolate to d = 3 to test whether QCD3 with gauge group SU(nc) and nf fundamental matter fields flows to a CFT or to a symmetry-breaking case. We find that within the regime with a real gauge coupling near d = 4 the CFT phase is always favored. For lower values of nf we compare the average of F between the two complex fixed points with its value at the symmetry-breaking phase to give an upper bound of the critical value {n}_f^{ast } below which the symmetry-breaking phase takes over.

MP61-09 PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING SUPRAUMBILICAL VERSUS TRANSUMBILICAL CAMERA PORT IN ROBOTIC ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP61-09 PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING SUPRAUMBILICAL VERSUS TRANSUMBILICAL CAMERA PORT IN ROBOTIC ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY Ryuta Tanimoto, Shota Inoue, Yuho Sano, Satoko Kamada, Kenji Sugino, and Katsumi Sasaki Ryuta TanimotoRyuta Tanimoto More articles by this author , Shota InoueShota Inoue More articles by this author , Yuho SanoYuho Sano More articles by this author , Satoko KamadaSatoko Kamada More articles by this author , Kenji SuginoKenji Sugino More articles by this author , and Katsumi SasakiKatsumi Sasaki More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003319.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Supraumbilical camera port (SU) has generally been used in robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). Transumbilical camera port (TU) may have cosmetic advantages. In this study, we compared the patient-reported outcomes including cosmetic outcomes, postoperative pain and QOL. METHODS: This study was registered with UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry (protocol ID: UMIN000035259). Between January 2019 and February 2022, 98 patients with localized prostate cancer were enrolled in this study and randomized to SU and TU group (n=50, 48, respectively) based on prostate volume, Gleason score and BMI. In SU group, camera port was inserted through a 12 mm midline incision at 2 cm above umbilicus with Veress needle access, and in TU group, through the umbilicus with Hasson open technique. Body image questionnaire (BIQ), cosmetic scale (CS) on postoperative day (POD) 7, pain score (numeric rating scale; NRS) on POD 1 and 7 and QOL questions (MOS 36 Item short form health survey; SF-36) in postoperative month 3 were collected and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Demographic data and clinical outcomes were comparable between both groups. BIQ (8-44: 8-least satisfied, 44-most satisfied; median, SU vs. TU, 33 vs. 35, p = 0.2254) and Cosmetic Score (2-24: 2-least satisfied, 24-most satisfied; median, SU vs. TU, 17 vs. 18, p = 0.2743) were similar in both groups. NRS on POD 1 (0-10: 0-no pain, 10-worst pain; median (IQR), SU vs. TU, 3 (2 - 4) vs. 3 (2.25 - 5), p=0.0165) was significantly worse in the TU group (Figure. 1), but NRS on POD 7 (median (IQR), SU vs. TU, 0 (0 - 1) vs. 1 (0 - 1), p=0.5252) was not. SF-36 (22-least satisfied, 100-most satisfied; SU vs. TU, 77.6 vs. 80.4, p=0.4035) was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent RALP with TU did not report cosmetic advantage compared to patients with SU, but they reported significantly worse pain on POD 1. The port placement in RALP should be considered based on not only cosmetic outcomes but postoperative pain. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e855 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ryuta Tanimoto More articles by this author Shota Inoue More articles by this author Yuho Sano More articles by this author Satoko Kamada More articles by this author Kenji Sugino More articles by this author Katsumi Sasaki More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Particle-like solutions in the generalized SU(2) Proca theory

The generalized SU(2) Proca theory is a vector-tensor modified gravity theory where the action is invariant under both diffeomorphisms and global internal transformations of the SU(2) group. This work constitutes the first approach to investigate the physical properties of the theory at astrophysical scales.We have found solutions that naturally generalize the particle-like solutions of the Einstein-Yang-Mills equations, also known as gauge boson stars.Under the requirement that the solutions must be static, asymptotically flat, and globally regular, the t'Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopole configuration for the vector field rises as one viable possibility. The solutions have been obtained analytically through asymptotic expansions and numerically by solving the boundary value problem. We have found new features in the solutions such as regions with negative effective energy density and imaginary effective charge. We have also obtained a new kind of globally charged solutions for some region in the parameter space of the theory. Furthermore, we have constructed equilibrium sequences and found turning points in some cases. These results hint towards the existence of stable solutions which are absent in the Einstein-Yang-Mills case.

Hamiltonian Learning from Time Dynamics Using Variational Algorithms.

The Hamiltonian of a quantum system governs the dynamics of the system via the Schrodinger equation. In this paper, the Hamiltonian is reconstructed in the Pauli basis using measurables on random states forming a time series data set. The time propagation is implemented through Trotterization and optimized variationally with gradients computed on the quantum circuit. We validate our output by reproducing the dynamics of unseen observables on a randomly chosen state not used for the optimization. Unlike existing techniques that try and exploit the structure/properties of the Hamiltonian, our scheme is general and provides freedom with regard to what observables or initial states can be used while still remaining efficient with regard to implementation. We extend our protocol to doing quantum state learning where we solve the reverse problem of doing state learning given time series data of observables generated against several Hamiltonian dynamics. We show results on Hamiltonians involving XX, ZZ couplings along with transverse field Ising Hamiltonians and propose an analytical method for the learning of Hamiltonians consisting of generators of the SU(3) group. This paper is likely to pave the way toward using Hamiltonian learning for time series prediction within the context of quantum machine learning algorithms.

331 model predictions for rare B and K decays, and ∆F = 2 processes: an update

Motivated by the improved results from the HPQCD lattice collaboration on the hadronic matrix elements entering ∆Ms,d in {B}_{s,d}^0-{overline{B}}_{s,d}^0 mixings and the increase of the experimental branching ratio for Bs→ μ+μ−, we update our 2016 analysis of various flavour observables in four 331 models, M1, M3, M13 and M16 based on the gauge group SU(3)C× SU(3)L× U(1)X. These four models, which are distinguished by the quantum numbers, are selected among 24 331 models through their consistency with the electroweak precision tests and simultaneously by the relation {C}_9^{textrm{NP}}=-{bC}_{10}^{textrm{NP}} with 2 ≤ b ≤ 5, which after new result on Bs→ μ+μ− from CMS is favoured over the popular relation {C}_9^{textrm{NP}}=-{C}_{10}^{textrm{NP}} predicted by several leptoquark models. In this context we investigate in particular the dependence of various observables on |Vcb|, varying it in the broad range [0.0386, 0.043], that encompasses both its inclusive and exclusive determinations. Imposing the experimental constraints from εK, ∆Ms, ∆Md and the mixing induced CP asymmetries {S}_{psi {K}_S} and {S}_{psi {K}_S} , we investigate for which values of |Vcb| the four models can be made compatible with these data and what is the impact on B and K branching ratios. In particular we analyse NP contributions to the Wilson coefficients C9 and C10 and the decays Bs,d→ μ+μ−, {K}^{+}to {pi}^{+}nu overline{nu} and {K}_Lto {pi}^0nu overline{nu} . This allows us to illustrate how the value of |Vcb| determined together with other parameters of these models is infected by NP contributions and compare it with the one obtained recently under the assumption of the absence of NP in εK, ∆Ms, ∆Md and {S}_{psi {K}_S} .

Algebra of the spinor invariants and the relativistic hydrogen atom

It is shown that the Dirac equation with the Coulomb potential can be solved using the algebra of the three spinor invariants of the Dirac equation without the involvement of the methods of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The Dirac Hamiltonian is invariant with respect to the rotation transformation, which indicates the dynamical (hidden) symmetry SU(2) of the Dirac equation. The total symmetry of the Dirac equation is the symmetry SO(3)⊗SU(2). The generator of the SO(3) symmetry group is given by the total momentum operator, and the generator of SU(2) group is given by the rotation of the vector-states in the spinor space, determined by the Dirac, Johnson–Lippmann, and the new spinor invariants. It is shown that using algebraic approach to the Dirac problem allows one to calculate the eigenstates and eigenenergies of the relativistic hydrogen atom and reveals the fundamental role of the principal quantum number as an independent number, even though it is represented as the combination of other quantum numbers.

Inherent color symmetry in quantum Yang-Mills theory

We present the basic non-perturbative structure of the space of classical dynamical solutions and corresponding one particle quantum states in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. It has been demonstrated that the Weyl group of su(3) algebra plays an important role in constructing non-perturbative solutions and leads to profound changes in the structure of the classical and quantum Yang-Mills theory. We show that the Weyl group as a non-trivial color subgroup of SU(3) admits singlet irreducible representations on a space of classical dynamical solutions which lead to strict concepts of one particle quantum states for gluons and quarks. The Yang-Mills theory is a non-linear theory and, in general, it is not possible to construct a Hilbert space of classical solutions and quantum states as a linear vector space, so, usually, a perturbative approach is applied. We propose a non-perturbative approach based on Weyl symmetric solutions to full non-linear equations of motion and construct a full space of dynamical solutions representing an infinite but countable solution space classified by a finite set of integer numbers. It has been proved that the Weyl singlet structure of classical solutions provides the existence of a stable non-degenerate vacuum which serves as a main precondition of the color confinement phenomenon. Some physical implications in quantum chromodynamics are considered.

Quantum walk for SU(1,1)

We propose a scheme to implement the quantum walk for SU(1,1) in the phase space, which generalizes those associated with the Heisenberg-Weyl group. The movement of the walker described by the SU(1,1) coherent states can be visualized on the hyperboloid or the Poincar\'{e} disk. In both one-mode and two-mode realizations, we introduce the corresponding coin-flip and conditional-shift operators for the SU(1,1) group, whose relations with those for Heisenberg-Weyl group are analyzed. The probability distribution, standard deviation and the von Neumann entropy are employed to describe the walking process. The nonorthogonality of the SU(1,1) coherent states precludes the quantum walk for SU(1,1) from the idealized one. However, the overlap between different SU(1,1) coherent states can be reduced by increasing the Bargmann index $k$, which indicates that the two-mode realization provides more possibilities to simulate the idealized quantum walk.

The axion flavour connection

A local flavour symmetry acting on the quarks of the Standard Model can automatically give rise to an accidental global U(1) which remains preserved from sources of explicit breaking up to a large operator dimension, while it gets spontaneously broken together with the flavour symmetry. Such non-fundamental symmetries are often endowed with a mixed QCD anomaly, so that the strong CP problem is automatically solved via the axion mechanism. We illustrate the general features required to realise this scenario, and we discuss a simple construction based on the flavour group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)F to illustrate how mass hierarchies can arise while ensuring at the same time a high quality Peccei-Quinn symmetry.

Baryon coupling scheme in a unified SU(3) and SU(6) symmetry formalism

We calculate the baryon-meson coupling constants for the spin-1/2 baryonic octet and spin-3/2 decuplet in a unified approach relying on symmetry arguments such as the fact that the Yukawa couplings, present in the Lagrangian density of the Walecka-type models, must be an invariant under SU(3) and SU(6) group transformations. The coupling constants of the baryon with the scalar $\sigma$ meson are fixed to reproduce the known potential depths for the hyperons and $\Delta$ resonances, in an approach that can be extended to all particles. We then apply the calculated coupling constants to study neutron star matter with hyperons and deltas admixed to its composition. We conclude that the $\Delta^-$ is by far the most important exotic particle that can be present in the neutron star interior. It is always present, independent of the chosen parameterization, and might appear in almost every known neutron star, once its onset happens at very low density. Yet, its presence affects the astrophysical properties of the canonical 1.4 M$_\odot$ star, and, in some cases, it can even contribute to an increase in the maximum mass reached.

Sunitinib versus imatinib dose escalation after failure of imatinib standard dose in patients with advanced Gastrointestinal stromal tumors – a real-world multi-center study

BackgroundWhether to escalate imatinib dosage or directly switch to sunitinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) failing on standard dose 400 mg/d of imatinib is still controversial. MethodsWe evaluated progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and time to sunitinib failure (TTSF) of patients selecting imatinib dose escalation or directly switching to sunitinib after the failure of imatinib 400 mg/d therapy from 3 tertery referring centers between January 2008 to December 2016. ResultsA total of 240 patients receiving sunitinib (37.5 mg continuous daily dose or 50 mg 4 weeks on with 2 weeks off) for at least 8 weeks were examined. After failure on imatinib 400 mg/d, 100 (49.3%) patients had dose escalation to 600 mg or 800 mg per day (IM group, imatinib group), and 103 (50.7%) directly switched to sunitinib (SU group, sunitinib group). The PFS in the SU and IM groups was 12 months and 5.0 months (P < 0.001), respectively. TTSF or OS in both groups was not statistically significantly different. ConclusionsAfter the progression of imatinib standard-dose treatment in recurrent/metastatic GISTs, the PFS of patients directly switching to sunitinib was significantly longer compared with the PFS of patients with imatinib dose escalation. However, when the patients continued with sunitinib therapy after the failure of IM dose escalation, TTSF and OS in the IM group were similar to those in the SU group. Further exploration of the characteristics of the population benefiting from imatinib dose escalation are warranted.

A New Route to Symmetries through the Extended Dirac Equation

A new route to the Dirac equation and its symmetries is outlined on the basis of the four-vector representation of the Lorentz group (LG). This way permits one to linearize the first Casimir operator of the LG in terms of the energy–momentum four-vector and enables one to derive an extended Dirac equation that naturally reveals the SU(2) symmetry in connection with an isospin associated with the LG. The procedure gives a spin-one-half fermion doublet, which we interpret as the electron and neutrino or the up-and-down quark doublet. Similarly, the second Casimir operator can be linearized by invoking an abstract isospin that is not connected with the LG, but with the two basic empirical fermion types. Application of the spinor helicity formalism yields two independent singlet and triplet fermion states—which we interpret as being related to U(1) and the lepton, respectively—to the SU(3) symmetry group of the three colors of the quarks. The way in which we obtain these results indicates the genuine yet very different physical natures of these basic symmetries. This new notion does not need the idea of grand unification. However, by still combining them in the product group SU(4)=SU(3)⊗U(1) and then further combining all groups into SU(2)⊗SU(4), one may get a symmetry scheme that perhaps supports the notion of unification by the group SU(8). We also argue that the simpler SO(4) group—instead of SU(4)—seems more appropriate for achieving unification.

Words to describe a black hole

We revamp the constructive enumeration of 1/16-BPS states in the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills in four dimensions, and search for ones that are not of multi-graviton form. A handful of such states are found for gauge group SU(2) at relatively high energies, resolving a decade-old enigma. Along the way, we clarify various subtleties in the literature, and prove a non-renormalization theorem about the exactness of the cohomological enumeration in perturbation theory. We point out a giant-graviton-like feature in our results, and envision that a deep analysis of our data will elucidate the fundamental properties of black hole microstates.