Communication Style Research Articles

Avoidant Parent-Child Communication About COVID-19: A Longitudinal Investigation of Associations with Youth Adjustment Across the First 6 Months of the Pandemic.

In the aftermath of discrete disasters, how families discuss the event has been linked with child well-being. There is less understanding, however, of how family communication affects adjustment to a protracted and ongoing public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research leveraged a large longitudinal sample of families (N = 1884) across the United States and Canada to investigate factors that predicted family communication styles (active versus avoidant communication) about the COVID-19 pandemic and examined the longitudinal sequelae of mental health outcomes for youth associated with different family communication styles. Parents of youth between 5 to 17years old completed surveys about their own mental health, their child's mental health, and family communication about the COVID-19 pandemic at two time points 6 months apart. Overall, findings indicated that poorer parental mental health was related to greater use of avoidant communication, and avoidant communication styles were associated with poorer youth mental health over time. Findings suggest potential perils of avoidant family communication about ongoing threats and can help identify families at risk of negative mental health outcomes.

"I am Young, Why Should I Vaccinate?" How empathetic and aggressive communication on social media impact young adults' attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination.

To combat the current COVID-19 pandemic, high vaccination rates are of crucial value. However, young people in particular tend to be hesitant toward vaccination. On social media, young adults are often called to vaccinate in an aggressive tone, arguing that there is no choice than to vaccinate and that all else is wrong. In an experimental study (N = 410), we investigated the effects of (a) empathetic vs. aggressive communication styles in social media postings and (b) the origin of the communicator on young adults' supportive attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinations. We treated the gender of the communicator as a moderator, and expectancy violation, psychological distance as well as the perceived credibility of the communicator as mediators. Findings showed that an aggressive communication style generally had a negative impact on young adults' COVID-19 vaccination attitudes, fully mediated by expectancy violation and perceived credibility of the communicator. Gender and the origin of the communicator did not moderate this mediation processes. Further implications for online health communication strategies are discussed.

High-Hanging Fruit: How Gender Bias Remains Entrenched in Performance Evaluations

Abstract Organizations are increasingly engaging in concerted efforts to mitigate bias in processes such as performance evaluations. However, little research examines what makes bias easier for organizations to address through formal initiatives and what makes bias more resistant to such change. When organizations shed light on the biases embedded in a particular organizational process, where are interventions successful, and where do they fall short? Using a longitudinal sample of performance evaluations from an elite professional services firm, we find that managers have an easier time reducing gender differences in the way they view employees’ behaviors, as compared to the way managers value those behaviors. Managers successfully decreased gendered descriptions of personality and communication style. However, when we examine the relationship between language patterns and rating, we find that the same behaviors correspond with a different payoff for women and men. Our findings add to the literature on organizational change by identifying the successes and challenges of bias mitigation efforts aimed at training managers, and we contribute to research on status and stereotypes by identifying new pathways through which cultural ideas about gender impact the evaluation of employees.

Culture and Communication Styles: Collectivism vs Individualism Cultural Orientations from Malaysian Perspectives

Culture and Communication Styles: Collectivism vs Individualism Cultural Orientations from Malaysian Perspectives

How do US corporations communicate interculturally with their Chinese stakeholders: Analysis of GM Company's social media posts from the cultural value perspective.

Social Media is an important means of communication with audiences around the world. The purpose of this study was to explore whether GM-a famous US auto company adapts its US Cultural values to suit the prevalent cultural values of its Chinese stakeholders on Chinese social media. Content analysis was used to evaluate the cultural content of GM Company's posts on Weibo and Twitter. Although influenced by the special features of the car industry, there is still enough evidence that the communication style of the US auto Company makes cultural adaption on Chinese social media, reflecting more Chinese prevalent cultural values.

Independent and Interdependent Self-construal on Communication Styles among the Malaysian Young Adults

Independent and Interdependent Self-construal on Communication Styles among the Malaysian Young Adults

The Differences in Ethnic and Gender on Communication Styles among Public University Students in Klang Valley, Malaysia

The Differences in Ethnic and Gender on Communication Styles among Public University Students in Klang Valley, Malaysia

DERIVING TRUST-SUPPORTING DESIGN KNOWLEDGE FOR AI-BASED CHATBOTS IN CUSTOMER SERVICE: A USE CASE FROM THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

ABSTRACTIn the automotive industry, companies are increasingly implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based chatbots to support various processes, especially in the context of customer service. However, there currently is a lack of knowledge, especially systematically derived design knowledge, regarding customer trust in interacting with AI-based chatbots. In this context, a lack of security and transparency, limited social features, and the communication style and quality-related issues of AI-based chatbots are just a few aspects that inhibit customer trust in interacting with this innovative technology, thereby hindering the adoption of chatbots. To address this knowledge gap, we adopted a design theory-based approach and developed a design concept for trust-supporting design knowledge regarding customer interaction with an AI-based chatbot. Design science provides a structured development and evaluation process to support, for example, the adoption of AI-based chatbots. Drawing on trust-based literature, a use case in customer service in the automotive industry, and seven semi-structured expert interviews, we propose 10 meta/user requirements and four design principles for trust-supporting design elements as (e.g. social) signals (stimuli) regarding the interaction with AI-based chatbots. We developed two click prototypes over two evaluation cycles. Each evaluation included an online survey with 180 participants. The findings that were obtained make a valuable contribution to solving the described lack of design knowledge by developing and evaluating different design approaches in the form of prototypical user interfaces. Moreover, the results show that visible design elements such as transparent and factual security signals (stimuli) and trust seals have a significant impact on customer trust.

Populist discourses of political leaders in Turkey on Twitter: “you can’t, I will”

ABSTRACT In Turkey, populism has a homogeneous structure that includes opposing ideologies stuck between right-wing and left-wing views. In the political structure in Turkey, ‘us’ and ‘the other’ are created through populism and an exclusionary attitude towards political rivals is adopted. The present study analyzes the populist issues and populism communication processes of 4 candidates on Twitter ahead of the presidential elections in Turkey. The posts (n = 727) made by the candidates on their Twitter accounts between March 10 and 10 April 2023 were analysed using the content analysis method. As a result of the study, the approaches of the political candidates towards economic, political, cultural and social issues on Twitter were analysed within the framework of populism. The topics addressed by the candidates on Twitter during the election process varied according to the candidates’ positions in power and opposition. On the other hand, it was found that the political candidates defined their populist communication style on Twitter based on the themes of ‘champion of the people’, ‘the man on the street’ and ‘sincerity’.

Development and validation of the Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS).

Immediacy is a skill therapists use to process the therapeutic relationship in the here and now. Although immediacy has been shown to enhance the therapeutic process, therapists are often reluctant to use it (Hill et al., 2018). In three studies, we developed and tested a measure to assess reasons that therapists avoid using this skill: the Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS). In Study 1, 185 North American therapist trainees completed the 45-item pilot measure. Exploratory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure (Concerns About Client Reactions, Concerns About Therapist Reactions, Negative Beliefs About Immediacy, Lack of Skills for Using Immediacy). In Study 2, with an international sample of 352 therapist trainees and professionals, confirmatory factor analyses supported the original four correlated factors model, as well as alternative models. In Study 3, 89 undergraduate students in a helping skills class completed the BUIS at three points during the semester. Students' total barriers and barriers due to a lack of skills decreased, but other perceived barriers did not decrease after training. Across all three studies, predicted correlations of BUIS scores were found with measures of self-efficacy for using immediacy, adherence to different theoretical orientations, communication style, and attachment style. Incremental validity was supported by the association of BUIS scores with measures of open communication and attachment style, after accounting for self-efficacy for immediacy. Limitations and future directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Adaptation of communication styles inventory to Russian context

Communication style refers to the distinct ways individuals exhibit verbal, paraverbal, and nonverbal communication patterns in social interactions. It involves receiving, interpreting, and delivering feedback and messages. Factors like culture and personality affect communication styles, and tools like communication styles inventory (CSI) help evaluate and improve individuals’ communication skills. Cultural differences significantly impact communication styles, so it’s important to adapt and validate measurement instruments for diverse cultural settings, such as adapting CSI for the Russian context. This study aims to adapt CSI for use in the Russian context. The research follows a quantitative approach, collecting data from 407 undergraduate and graduate students across different universities. CSI is a questionnaire assessing six distinct communication patterns with 96 items. The researchers conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to examine CSI’s validity and reliability in the Russian context. The analyses yielded an eight-factor model explaining 59.5% of the total variance. Although two factors from the original scale were preserved, other factors were newly named. The confirmatory factor analysis tested the relationship between the original sub-dimensions and the new dimensions, resulting in a better-adapted model with significant relationships between items and factors. The findings indicate the scale’s suitability for different cultures and sample groups, supporting its validity and reliability. Further research should adapt the scale to other cultures and utilize it in studies in the Russian context.

Principal's Communication Style and its Impact on the Performance of State Civil Apparatus

The leader is an authority figure in which case every gesture pattern and behavior can have an impact on the conditions and responses of subordinates and employees. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact and influence of the communication style and work motivation that the Principal of State Senior High School 57 Jakarta applies and has on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) there. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with the type of case study, the use of case studies because researchers can understand in depth the context, process, and complexity of the phenomenon being studied. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the research found in the field show that the communication that exists between the Principal and all Teachers at SMAN 57 Jakarta is an effective communication style. Effective communication style allows the Principal to convey vision and goals, provide support to Teachers, promote collaboration, build trust, and solve problems together. In addition, based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that effective communication style is a manifestation of one of Horald-Lasswell's communication theories.

BARRIERS TO HARMONIZATION OF THE SUB-SYSTEMS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN THE LITTORAL AND SOUTH WEST REGIONS OF CAMEROON

This study was designed to examine barriers to harmonization of the sub-systems of primary education in the Littoral and South West Regions of Cameroon. The study was guided by two objectives which where to inquire whether bicultural traditions of the country is a hindrance to the harmonization process of the curriculum of primary education and to find out if the fear of assimilation is a barrier to harmonization of the curriculum of primary education. The concurrent mixed-methods research approach specifically the descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The sample population for the study was made up of 20 pedagogic staff from the Regional Delegation, 20 from the Divisional Delegation, 20 from the Inspectorates, 200 head teachers and 300 teachers from both regions. The purposive and simple random sampling techniques was adopted for the study. The instruments use for data collection were a questionnaire (closed ended questions) for Teachers and Head teachers and an interview guide for regional delegation staff, divisional delegation staff and inspectorate staff. Data from the close ended questions was analysed using SPSS 23.0, with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical tools while open ended questions were analysed thematically. The hypotheses of the study were tested using Chi-square test. Statistically, findings showed that head teachers and teachers did not significantly differ in their perception on the bi-cultural tradition of the country acting as a barrier to the harmonization of the curriculum for primary education (P=0.270, >0.05) whereby majority of the head teachers 154 (76.9%) and teachers 214 (71.4%) strongly agree and agree that the bi-cultural tradition of the country is a barrier to the harmonization of the curriculum for primary education while a minority of the head teachers 46 (23.1%) and teachers 86 (28.6%) disagree and strongly disagree. Statistically, findings showed that head teachers and teachers did not significantly differ in their perception on the fear of assimilation acting as a barrier to the harmonization of the curriculum for primary education. (P=0.555, >0.05) whereby, majority of the head teachers 144 (71.8%) and teachers 222 (74.1%) of almost the same proportion strongly agree and agree that the fear of assimilation is a barrier to the harmonization of the curriculum for primary education while a minority of the head teachers 56 (28.2%) and teachers 78 (25.9%) disagree and strongly disagree. It is generally recommended that, harmonization in its context of preserving cultural patrimony as an objective of multicultural education. Cultural patrimony refers to the sum total of ways of living, including values, beliefs, aesthetic standards, linguistic expression, and patterns of thinking, behavioural norms and styles of communication, which a group of people have developed to assure its survival in a particular physical and human environment.

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL PARTNERSHIP IN HEALTH TOURISM

The mechanism of organizational partnership is a complex process. In the scientific literature, there are factors that can influence the existence of an effective organizational partnership. These factors are usually associated with power relations established between stakeholders; not finding a common vision; different and sometimes competing interests; lack of dialogue and leadership and different communication styles and culture etc. The authors formulate the purpose of the research - to identify opportunities for improving regional partnership in the health tourism industry during the expert evaluation. The authors of the article assume that regional partnership management is initiated by applying and creating various instruments. The role of the state in initiating regional cooperation (e.g. in the health tourism industry, using the available resources of each region to create health and wellness services) and the importance of the regional management of the region itself, in organizing cooperation and networking, identifying and involving significant actors, is emphasized. In order to determine the effectiveness of regional cooperation, efforts towards the goal of movement, and the allocation of resources, it is useful to carry out evaluations.

Analisis Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transaksional dan Gaya Komunikasi terhadap Komitmen Organisasi pada Kantor Sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Konawe Utara

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of transactional leadership style and communication style on organizational commitment at the Secretariat Office of the North Konawe Regency DPRD. The sample in this study consists of all employees at the Secretariat Office of the North Konawe Regency DPRD, totaling 65 people. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that: (1) Transactional leadership style and communication style have a positive and significant influence on the organizational commitment of employees at the Secretariat Office of the North Konawe Regency DPRD. (2) Transactional leadership style has a positive and significant influence on the organizational commitment of employees at the Secretariat Office of the North Konawe Regency DPRD. (3) Communication style has a positive and significant influence on the organizational commitment of employees at the Secretariat Office of the North Konawe Regency DPRD.

The Influence of Communication and Leadership Style on The Employee Performance of Population and Civil Registration Service Office in Pamekasan Regency

An organization is a forum where people gather to work together to achieve the same goal. In organizations, of course, there needs to be a hierarchy of leaders and subordinates. Therefore, it is necessary to have quality human resources to become leaders and subordinates. The role of a leader in influencing his subordinates is very important for the progress of the organization. Leaders usually apply a certain leadership style to influence the performance of their subordinates. This research aims to determine the influence of communication and leadership style on employee performance. This research uses a survey method. The data source used is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression test analysis. The sample for this research was 90 employees of the Population and Civil Registration Service Office in Pamekasan Regency. The research results are that communication has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and leadership style has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

Combating Polio Vaccine Hesitancy: An Evaluation of Mediated Polio Eradication Campaigns in Pakistan

Health campaign initiatives are especially tailored to the needs of their target audience and encourage vaccination adoption for polio eradication. Vaccination resistance, however, remains a serious barrier in Pakistan. The content analysis method was used to examine message appeals and message characteristics used in Pakistan's Polio National Immunization Campaigns from 2020 to 2022. Polio advertisements were obtained from the Pakistan Polio Eradication Program's internet archives. Advertisements range in duration from 40 to 60 seconds on average. The quantitative results provided to a deeper understanding of the message characteristics (credibility of message presenters, appeals, style, slogan, language) used in anti-polio advertisements broadcasted via cable and television channels during the Polio National Immunization Campaigns. It was evident that attempts were made to effectively engage the target audience via the employment of 31% knowledgeable speakers, a range of message appeals 34%, and a diversity of communication styles 72%. The necessity for ongoing evaluation and improvement of campaign message techniques was highlighted by variations in the use of slogans and regional languages. Keywords: Mediated Polio Immunization Campaigns, Message Appeals, Polio Vaccination, Polio vaccine hesitancy

Болашақ мұғалімдердің желілік коммуникативтік мәдениетін жетілдірудің педагогикалық негіздері

Білім беру үдерісін цифрлық түрлендіру жағдайында мұғалімнің желілік коммуникативтік мәдениетін қалыптастыру мәселесі қазіргі уақытта білім беруде өте өзекті болып отырған маңызды бағыт ретінде қарастырылады. Сонымен қатар болашақ мұғалімдердің желілік коммуникативтік мәдениетін жетілдірудің педагогикалық негіздері зерттелген. Мақалада желілік коммуникативтік мәдениеттің өзгеріске ұшырауы, қарым-қатынас тілі мен стилінің өзгерісі жөнінде, қазіргі өмірдің жылдам қарқынына сәйкес келетін қарым-қатынастың жаңа формалары мен арналарының пайда болуы туралы айтылған, бұл көп нәрсені алмасуға мүмкіндік береді. Яғни ақпарат алу, жылдам кері байланыс алу, нәтижелі диалог пен ынтымақтастық құру. Осылайша, дамып келе жатқан желілік коммуникативтік мәдениет трансформациялық процестерді түсінуді, қоғамның цифрлық трансформациясының жаңа жағдайында оның даму деңгейін бағалаудың қолданыстағы үлгілері мен критерийлерін әзірлеуді талап етеді. Қазіргі кезде болашақ мұғалімдердің желілік коммуникативтік мәдениетін дамытуда тек сыртқы факторлар жүйесінің әсер етуінен емес, сонымен қатар өзін-өзі дамыту әдістемесі арқылы да іске асыруға болады. Педагогикада білім беру өнімділігінің дәрежесі оқу-танымдық іс-әрекеттің белсенділік деңгейіне тікелей байланысты.

Does age similarity between board chair and CEO matter for R&D investments? Evidence from China

Psychology literature suggests that the similarity in age between individuals can influence their communication style, interactions, and information exchange. Given that the relationship between board chairperson (Chair) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) involves extensive interactions and information-sharing with the aim to maintain shareholders’ interests, this study seeks an answer as to whether age similarity between Chair and CEO affects R&D investment. Using data from A-share Chinese companies, we find that a similarity in age between the Chair and CEO had a negative impact on R&D intensity. Beyond its valuable contribution to the literature, the finding of this study is significant and relevant for practical applications, as it highlights the importance of considering the age gap between the Chair and CEO for companies looking to enhance corporate governance and maintain innovation.

TEAMRO: TEAching Mentorship in Radiation Oncology, a Multicenter Prospective Phase 2 Intervention Study on Teaching Mentorship Skills to Residents Working with Medical Students

While formal curriculum on resident teaching have been associated with improved career growth and sustained positive impact on patient care, mentorship skills are rarely taught in academic medicine. We hypothesized that a formalized resident mentorship curriculum coupled with a near-peer resident-medical student mentoring program would improve resident career growth. A multi-institutional, prospective, phase 2 intervention study, approved by each participating center's institutional review board, was conducted from 4/2022-10/2022 among interested residents in the Radiation Oncology Education Collaborative Study Group Graduate Medical Education. Intervention included: 1) a 4-week mentorship curriculum (utilizing a Six Steps approach) composed of self-guided readings, didactic lecture, and 30-minute faculty check-in, and 2) a formalized 1:1 resident-medical student mentorship program during an existing radiation oncology sub-internship with weekly meetings. Resident participants completed the Mentorship Competency Assessment (MCA), a 26-item validated survey on mentorship skills in medicine scored from 0 (most unprepared) to 7 (most prepared) before and after the intervention. The primary endpoint was average change in MCA skill from pre- to post-intervention survey, with score ranges from -7 (a decrease in 7 points) to +7 (an increase of 7 points). A total of 8 residents participated and all completed pre- and post-intervention surveys. Most residents were PGY-4/5 (75%), from programs with >10 residents (68%), and did not have prior training in teaching (88%) or mentorship (88%). Residents met students on average twice weekly (range 1-3) for an average of 2 hours a week (range 1-5). After the program, most residents felt confident in being a future mentor to students (100%), their overall well-being was positively impacted (63%), and their mentorship relationships were positively impacted (50%). All 26 mentorship skills increased on MCA after intervention (average +1.3/7 per skill). Skills that showed greatest improvement were helping mentees network effectively (+2.6/7), acquire resources (+2.1/7), negotiate a path to professional independence (+2.0/7), set career goals (+1.8/7), and balance work and personal life (+1.7/7). Skills that showed least improvement were establishing a relationship based on trust (+0.4/7), identifying and accommodating different communication styles (+0.6/7), providing constructive feedback (+0.7/7), and aligning mentor-mentee expectations (+0.8/7). The formalized mentorship program improved mentorship skills among residents, translating to increased satisfaction in residents' own mentorship relations and overall well-being. Further studies are needed to assess the sustainability of these skills, as well as impact on career growth and satisfaction.