Style Matching Research Articles

The Study on Visual Style Preferences of Automotive Printing Interior Board in Mainland China

With the highly developed science and technology, people's quality of life requirements are getting higher and higher, the quality of the automotive demand is also increasing year by year. In order to emphasize the performance of people's personality style, many manufacturers began to provide interior visual style matching, and even material and surface texture processing, can increase the user's personality demand and life tastes. Samples are mainly from the mainland China. The questionnaire was analyzed by this study can be obtained in the following conclusions: in the four aspects of the visual form of automotive printing interior board: color, texture, appearance and style, etc. to analyze the overall facets and find the preferences: in color aspect is pure; in texture aspect is natural, exquisite and flat; in appearance aspect is streamline and soft; in style aspect is leisure. Males prefer a deep color, and females prefer a cold color; in texture aspect, Males prefer exquisite and embossing; in appearance aspect, Males prefer streamline, soft and cured surface, in style aspect, males prefer informed. Unmarried people prefer turbid color, and those who are married prefer pure color; in texture aspect, unmarried ones prefer natural; in appearance aspect, there are no differences; in style aspect, unmarried people prefer modern and vitality. Among demographic variables of the subjects: sex, marriage, age, education level, occupation and annual income, etc., preference for automotive printing interior board are all displayed differently depending on the subject's background.

Identifying design process patterns: a sequential analysis study of design thinking

Design is a key element of both the teaching and learning of engineering and technology. However, the process of engineering design has yielded limited research results. This study explored the iterative design process by searching for sequential design thinking patterns. The researchers collected nine concurrent think-aloud protocols from fourth-grade elementary students. The study identified that idea generation plays a central role in design that features the dominant use of time. In addition, the researchers revealed significant pathways in design thinking and built a design pattern model. The results will not only help engineering and technology educators the understanding of design behavior, but also support the harmonious matching of learning and teaching styles in engineering and technology education.

Interaction between the Opioid Receptor OPRM1 Gene and Mother-Child Language Style Matching Prospectively Predicts Children’s Separation Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

Recent research suggests that lower mother-child language style matching (LSM) is associated with greater physiological reactivity and insecure attachment in school-aged children, but to date no studies have explored this measure of parent-child behavioral matching for its association with children’s anxiety symptoms, a well-known correlate of attachment insecurity and heightened physiological reactivity. There is also considerable evidence of genetic risk for anxiety, including possession of the OPRM1 minor allele, 118G. In the current study (N = 44), we expand upon what is known about children’s genetic and environmental risk for anxiety by examining the unique and interactive effects of mother-child LSM and the OPRM1 polymorphism A118G on school-aged children’s separation anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms. SAD symptoms were measured both concurrently with LSM and OPRM1 genotype and two years later through self-report. No significant associations emerged between LSM or OPRM1 and concurrent Time 1 SAD symptoms. However, lower LSM and 118G minor allele possession were both associated with greater SAD symptoms at Time 2; further, the interaction between LSM and OPRM1 genotype significantly predicted SAD symptoms beyond the main effects of the two variables. Possession of the minor allele was only associated with greater SAD symptoms among children in low LSM dyads, whereas children with the minor allele in high LSM dyads showed non-significantly lower SAD symptoms. These findings and a proportion affected analysis provide support for a differential susceptibility model of gene by environment interactions for the OPRM1 gene. We discuss the implications for predicting children’s separation anxiety across development.

Emotional Self-Disclosure in Online Breast Cancer Support Groups: Examining Theme, Reciprocity, and Linguistic Style Matching

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated emotional self-disclosure (ESD) patterns and their effects in online support groups specific to different stages of breast cancer. Linguistic features of messages posted to an online breast cancer support group were analyzed. ESD was common, and was consistent across four stage forums. Emotional talk was linked to a variety of themes, but most prominently in the context of discussions about social connections rather than health or death. Linguistic style matching mediated the relationship between ESD in posts and reciprocal ESD in comments, suggesting a key role for mutual understanding and engagement between posters and commenters. Implications for health communication theory and practice were discussed.

Linguistic Coordination as an Unobtrusive, Dynamic Indicator of Rapport, Prosocial Team Processes, and Performance in Team Communication

Language style matching ( LSM; the extent to which individuals match others’ function or “filler” words in communication) has been investigated as a potential predictor of rapport and team processes (e.g., trust). We examined the potential of LSM as an unobtrusive bottom-up indicator of rapport, trust, cohesion, and performance using a distributed, team problem-solving task. We found a dynamic relationship between LSM and performance. The relationship changes over time as team interaction progresses, but LSM also interacts with trust and rapport to affect performance. We introduce a model to explain the relationship between LSM, rapport, trust, and performance in this context.

How online consumer reviews are influenced by the language and valence of prior reviews: A construal level perspective

Online reviews are a commonly used source of product information to guide consumers in their purchase decisions. This source of information helps them to make better-informed decisions. Communicators on online review platforms have multiple goals, but only one of them is to provide accurate information. Before posting comments, they could read previous reviews which will in turn influence their written comments. The impact of previous reviews on readers has been demonstrated. However, its influence on writers has hardly been studied. We examined how language abstraction in reviews is influenced by language abstraction in prior reviews, and whether this biased language use may have a subsequent effect on the persuasiveness of reviews. Building on literature about linguistic style matching and construal level theory, the present paper reports two experiments (N = 101 and N = 189) showing that people use more concrete language when prior reviews also use concrete language (i.e. words that refer to tangible, qualities or characteristics), and that this concreteness leads to more favorable attitudes towards the reviewer and the product. These findings suggest that language abstraction is contagious, review platforms could capitalize on this by seeding concrete reviews.

The Influence of Romantic Attachment Style Matching and Combination on Conflict Resolution and Relationship Quality Among Romantic Couples

The Influence of Romantic Attachment Style Matching and Combination on Conflict Resolution and Relationship Quality Among Romantic Couples

Mother-child language style matching predicts children’s and mothers’ emotion reactivity

Co-regulation of behavior occurring within parent-child attachment relationships is thought to be the primary means through which children develop the capacity to regulate emotion, an ability that is protective across development. Existing research on parent-child co-regulation focuses predominantly on parent-infant dyads, and operationalizes co-regulation as the matching of facial expressions; however, matching can occur on other behaviors, including vocal tone, body movement, and language. Studies with young children find that greater matching is associated with children’s lower emotion reactivity, but with unknown impacts on parents. In this study we examine a recently-developed metric of behavioral matching, language style matching (LSM), a composite measure of the similarity of function word use in spoken or written language between two or more people. We test whether LSM between mothers and their school-aged children is associated with children’s and mothers’ physiological and subjective emotion reactivity. Children completed a standardized stressor task while their mothers observed; children’s and mother’s cortisol and cardiovascular reactivity were assessed, as were their subjective reports of emotion reactivity. Following the stressor, children and mothers completed independent interviews about the experience, later assessed for LSM. Higher mother-child LSM was associated with lower emotion reactivity (lower cortisol reactivity, lower reports of negative emotion) for children, and with higher maternal cardiovascular but not cortisol or subjective reactivity. Further, higher LSM was more strongly associated with lower child cortisol reactivity when mothers were more reactive themselves. We conclude that mother-child LSM, thought to reflect a history of co-regulated interaction, confers protective benefits for children, but heightened reactivity for mothers.

Language Style Matching in Romantic Partners’ Conflict and Support Interactions

This study examined the association between language style matching (LSM), subjective perceptions of interaction quality (perceived responsiveness and affect), and partner behavior in two communication contexts: conflict and social support. Romantic couples ( N = 91) engaged in a video-recorded discussion of either a relationship stressor or one partner’s personal stressor (a social support discussion). LSM was associated with unique outcomes in each communication setting. Higher LSM was associated with lower subjective perceptions of responsiveness and less positive emotion for partners discussing relationship stressors but more positive emotion for partners in social support discussions. Furthermore, higher LSM was associated with more critical and negative interpersonal behavior and less responsive and caring behavior during discussions of relationship stressors but was unrelated to behavior in support discussions. Findings suggest that LSM does not uniformly signal interpersonal rapport (as often assumed) and may instead amplify the positive or negative tone of an interaction.

Language Matching Among Mother‐child Dyads: Associations with Child Attachment and Emotion Reactivity

AbstractLinks between mother‐infant affective matching and attachment security are well‐documented, but research on other types of behavioral matching and attachment security are lacking, as are studies that examine these constructs later in children's development. We examine language style matching (LSM) between mothers and their school‐aged children (N = 68), using interviews with each dyad member. As predicted, regressions revealed that higher mother‐child relational LSM was associated with greater child attachment security (operationalized as high security, low dismissal), and that higher LSM predicted smaller increases in children's electrodermal response to a relational probe 1.5 years later. Further, mother‐child relational LSM was a mediator in the indirect path between children's attachment security and children's reactivity. We discuss the potential utility of LSM as a measure of relationship quality and future studies that could refine our understanding of parent‐child language matching.

Language use and style matching in supportive conversations between strangers and friends

Using data from individuals disclosing a personally relevant and problematic event to either a stranger ( N = 151) or friend ( N = 119), this study explored whether emotion and cognitive mechanism words produced by the discloser and the language style matching (LSM) of interlocutors influenced the reappraisal process necessary to feel better. Results showed that positive emotion words and LSM influenced reported emotional improvement through the mechanism of cognitive reappraisal (CR). This model was supported for friends and strangers who also did not appreciably differ with respect to language use or style matching. The discussion highlights the role of CR as well as the potential for other emotion regulation strategies in the conversational coping process.

Mortality salience increases language style matching and well-being

The present research examined whether people imitate the language style of others (i.e., the use of function words) as a form of liking when mortality concerns are salient. In Study 1, participants answered questions about death or public speaking and then engaged in an instant messaging conversation with a confederate. In Study 2, participant pairs verbally discussed a news article about increasing homicide rates or the rise in academic pressure. Next, everyone completed measures of self-esteem, life satisfaction, and relationship need satisfaction. The results revealed that, in comparison to the control conditions, participants exhibited greater language style matching (LSM) following reminders of death (Studies 1 & 2). Further, mediational analyses showed that higher LSM after mortality salience was associated with better psychological and social well-being (Study 2). Although the threat of death has been shown to make people more hostile and disparaging toward dissimilar others, the present work suggests that individuals, even strangers, may feel closer through language coordination following thoughts of mortality.

Key Learning Styles of Teaching English to Students from the Asian-Pacific Region

This article examines key styles of learning English as the second language, particularly for students from Asian-Pacific countries. It deals with the methods of improving their learning skills and abilities. The most traditional and popular ways of learning styles are pointed out. The authors also discuss teaching approaches for matching and interaction of learning styles in different cultures. The authors also discuss teaching approaches to matching and interaction of learning styles in different cultures.

How Do Interpersonal Behaviors and Social Categories Affect Language Use?: The Case of Virtual Teams

The present study examined how interpersonal behaviors (i.e., negative communication vs. positive communication) and social categories (i.e., in-group vs. out-group status) influenced language use in short-term virtual teams. One-hundred-sixty participants interacted in four-person teams using a synchronous chat program. The results suggested that having a negatively communicating member in the group was associated with higher linguistic style matching compared to having a positively communicating group member. Negative behaviors were strongly associated with increased word counts and negations (e.g., “no”), whereas positive behaviors were associated with increased use of assents (e.g., “yes,” “ok”). Social categories had no significant effects on linguistic style matching, thus suggesting that language use depended on interpersonal behaviors instead of in-group or out-group status.

Mimicry Is Presidential: Linguistic Style Matching in Presidential Debates and Improved Polling Numbers.

The current research used the contexts of U.S. presidential debates and negotiations to examine whether matching the linguistic style of an opponent in a two-party exchange affects the reactions of third-party observers. Building off communication accommodation theory (CAT), interaction alignment theory (IAT), and processing fluency, we propose that language style matching (LSM) will improve subsequent third-party evaluations because matching an opponent's linguistic style reflects greater perspective taking and will make one's arguments easier to process. In contrast, research on status inferences predicts that LSM will negatively impact third-party evaluations because LSM implies followership. We conduct two studies to test these competing hypotheses. Study 1 analyzed transcripts of U.S. presidential debates between 1976 and 2012 and found that candidates who matched their opponent's linguistic style increased their standing in the polls. Study 2 demonstrated a causal relationship between LSM and third-party observer evaluations using negotiation transcripts.

What You Do and How You Speak Matter

The primary goal of the present study is to investigate complex relationships among interpersonal behaviors, language use, and group performance in short-term virtual teams. Thirty-four, four-person groups completed a decision-making task in real time using an online chat program. The findings suggest that having a negatively communicating collaborator in the group is associated with higher group performance compared with having a positively communicating collaborator. Also, linguistic style matching is a stronger predictor of group performance for groups with a positively communicating confederate compared with groups with a negatively communicating confederate. The findings are discussed within the theoretical framework of shared mental models, minority influence, and communication accommodation theory.

Language Style Matching as a Predictor of Perceived Social Support in Computer-Mediated Interaction Among Individuals Coping With Illness

Several forms of computer-mediated communication (e.g., online support groups, blogs, social network sites) have been shown to be important resources for social support among individuals coping with illness. The reported study attempts to better understand social support processes in these settings by examining the implications of language style matching—a form of interpersonal coordination involving the degree to which speakers match one another’s use of function words (e.g., articles, prepositions, pronouns). Language style matching among a sample of health bloggers and their readers over a 3-month period was tested as a predictor of bloggers’ perceptions of support available from their readers. The results show that language style matching contributed to bloggers’ perceptions that their readers are willing and able to serve as a resource for specific forms of social support.

IJARCCE - Computer and Communication Engineering

Data mining is a highly evolving and developing frontier in data and information systems and their applications. Its a concept of extracting data from large data set and converts into understandable format. Automated prospective analysis and knowledge driven decisions make data more proactive. Pattern matching used for control flow of patterns, checks similarity between already stored templates with input template. Patterns are procedure for converting input data. The existing system pay-as-you-go style matching technique has poor discriminative feature were this technique depend mainly on time. So it will affect 1: n matching for events and when matching events with heterogeneous data it may result in duplication of data. In proposed system, as Generic Pattern Matching technique implies to validate similarity between two events. Number of events internally stores and maintains all the characteristics of events. Patterns are compared with all stored patterns with in the data set. Pattern matching enhances several events to improve the performance and efficiency of events. This is independent of time so 1 : n issue can be sorted out. It will also retrieve exact result without any approximate value.

Minimizing the Pain and Probability of Rejection

Some studies have revealed evidence for proximity seeking following interpersonal rejection, whereas other studies have found evidence of relational distancing (Williams, 2007). This study examined whether both processes could occur simultaneously within face-to-face interactions. Participants were accepted or rejected by one person and then interacted with a new partner for the purposes of an impression-formation task. Conversations were recorded and transcribed. Dyads containing a previously rejected compared to accepted participant exhibited higher levels of linguistic style matching and reciprocated conversational content, suggestive of proximity seeking. However, rejected targets also rated their new partners as less kind and reported lower levels of rapport/liking for their partners, consistent with relational distancing. Partner evaluations were statistically mediated by targets’ expectations of rejection. We suggest that automatic proximity seeking and the appraisal-mediated devaluation of new partners reflect efforts to minimize the potential for and pain of future rejection. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Take Their Word for It: The Symbolic Role of Linguistic Style Matches in User Communities

User communities are increasingly becoming an essential element of companies’ business processes. However, reaping the benefits of such social systems does not always prove effective, often because companies fail to stimulate members’ collaboration con