Gender Differences In Students Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FACTORS ON THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ HEALTH

The aim is to analyze the factors that affect the students' health both positively and negatively and to evaluate the real health status of Ukrainian student youth. Materials and methods: The research was conducted at Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University and University of State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, 647 students of the 1st - 4th years of study were examined. To study both negative and positive factors, we conducted a survey of the students of different genders of several education departments, using original questionnaires. To analyze the results of the students' self-assessment of their health state, the methodology of V. P. Voitenko, which contains 27 questions that characterize the most important aspects of well-being, mood, activity, sleep quality, pain senses and lifestyle of students, was applied. Results: It was determined that the most important factors for the preservation of health included nutrition, physical activity, active leisure, sleep, love and sex. 56.3 % of male students and 49.9 % of female ones indicated that motor activity is of great importance for health care. The students stated that the most dangerous health factors included drug use, radioactive contamination of the environment, smoking, alcohol abuse, stress, etc. It was found that the highest percentage of students had satisfactory and poor health levels - 44.8-54.9 % and 17.8-29.5 % respectively. Conclusions: A wide range of specific components of the educational process and the healthy lifestyle of students can have different effects on life. Lifestyle is one of the many factors that affect students' health. The students' self-assessment of their health state lets to manage the educational process of physical education efficiently, allocate physical activity and apply individual tasks rationally.

The Influence of the Professional Orientation of Students of Different Gender on Their Ideas of Happiness

In the conditions of unstable political, economic and social development of society the problem of quality of life, well-being, satisfaction of each citizen of the country acquires special importance. Research has shown that happiness is determined by various factors (age, marital, social and financial status, physiological status, social relations, personal characteristics), its level changes throughout life and can be corrected by certain psychological methods of influence. The purpose of our study was to study the state of development of the problem of happiness and study the content of the ideas of young people about happiness, their characteristics depending on gender and professional orientation. In order to study the peculiarities of the young generation's ideas about happiness, we studied 250 third-year students aged 20 to 22 years of various specialties. The researched questionnaire was asked to answer the questions, the analysis of which helped to make generalized conclusions about their ideas about happiness. The most of students rate their level of happiness as high or medium. But their level of happiness is much higher than their level of success, which can lead to a contradiction between the desire for success and happiness. This state of affairs requires correction of the content of ideas about happiness in adolescence by providing educational information about awareness of success as a process of self-realization and a component of happiness, the desire for integrated satisfaction of both material and spiritual needs for full personal development.

Investigation on the Consumption Situation of Sports Goods of Costumes, Footwear and Bags for Students in Sports College of Jiangxi Normal University

By using the methods of documentation, questionnaire and mathematical statistics, this paper takes the consumption of clothing, footwear and bags of the students in the Institute of Physical Education of Jiang xi Normal University as the research object, and investigates and analyses the basic situation, consumption concept, consumption motivation, consumption level and factors affecting consumption of the students in the Institute of Physical Education through the issuance of questionnaires. This paper summarizes the consumption process of sports clothing, footwear and sporting goods of sports college students, and draws the following conclusions: sports clothing and footwear are popular among sports college students. They think that their consumption can reach the pursuit of aesthetics and is considered as part of daily consumption, and can improve their sports level to varying degrees. The Factors Affecting Sports clothing, footwear and bags consumption of students in physical education institutes are: students' economic conditions, personal sports specialties, personal preferences, product prices, quality and appearance, people around or environmental impact. By means of mathematical analysis and conventional percentage analysis, it is concluded that there are significant differences in the consumption level of sports goods among students of different genders, different places of origin and different grades. Finally, some reasonable suggestions are put forward.

Student Perceptions on Gender differences of ELT Teachers

The effect of teacher gender on students of different gender is often shrugged off, as a lot of teachers themselves are not aware of gender biases and stereotyping in particular when these issues may not have been addressed effectively in their training programs, as not much research has been done on this particular aspect in recent years. Hence, it is an area that needs to be addressed in a more vigorous style particularly in the language learning arena, in order to explore and overcome any shortcomings that may exist with regard to gender differences. The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of teacher gender on students in terms of their perceptions as learners and thus cater to the following research question. Which teacher gender is preferred over the other by students among their language teachers and why? In order to do this, qualitative research design has been incorporated and data collected over a period of 2 months were analyzed and triangulated to accumulate the results which indicated that with regard to content delivery, female teachers topped off while male teachers flourished being spontaneous and more approachable in class. Furthermore, it was also found that both male and female students preferred male language teachers over female teachers due to the fact that they were perceived to be more “friendly” towards their students.

Research on Adult English Learning Model and Implementation Mechanism Based on Wisdom Learning

This study selected adult students of different gender and age as subjects, and through them，the study on adult English learning mechanism for empirical research, as to understand the adult students of different gender, age, whether have significant differences in foreign language learning beliefs and learning strategies, and explores the relationship between learning strategies and learning results in adult students’ English learning with the use of language learning beliefs. Results show that: (1) the adult students with different sex had no significant differences in learning belief, but had a significant difference in terms of learning strategies. Different age adult students have significant differences in learning belief and learning strategies.(2) learning belief has a moderate correlation between learning strategies as a whole, and all the parts of the learning beliefs and learning strategies are reached significant level. Learning strategies has low positive correlation with learning effects, reached extremely significant level. In all parts of learning strategies and learning effect present positive correlation, and reached significant level.

THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONAL STATE AS THE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF THE STUDENTS’ HEALTH

Introduction: The level of health and physical fitness of the students of Ukrainian higher educational institutions has worsened in recent years. It conditions the search for effective solutions to this problem and determines the significance of the investigation. The aim: To investigate the level of physical development and functional state of the students of agricultural educational institutions during study. Materials and methods: The investigation was conducted in Zhytomyr National Agroecological University in 2016-2018. Seventy three students (38 male and 35 female students) took part in the investigation. The level of physical development and functional state of students was defined according to the next tests: body length, body weight, wrist dynamometry, lung capacity, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The level of students' physical health was examined according to the methodology by G. L. Apanasenko and determined the interrelation of the levels of physical health of the students of different genders during the investigation. Results: It is determined that the majority of the students' investigated indicators are not improved during the first and the second years of study (p>0.05). The level of the students' physical health remained unchanged during study. Moreover, the health level of both male and female students is rated as low during all stages of the investigation. Сonclusions: The conducted analysis proves the necessity of the current physical education system improvement at Ukrainian higher educational institutions in order to improve the students' physical development and functional state, health and efficiency of the educational and future professional activity.

ПРЕДУЗЕТНИЧКА ОРИЈЕНТАЦИЈА СТУДЕНАТА У ОДНОСУ НА ЊИХОВЕ ПСИХОЛОШКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ, ПОЛ И СТУДИЈСКИ ПРОГРАМ ФАКУЛТЕТА

The aim of the paper is to identify the entrepreneurial tendency of students of the Faculty of Economics in Subotica. The subject of the research is the analysis of relationship between students’ personality traits and their intention to start their own business, as well as the existence of a difference in entrepreneurial intent, depending on gender and chosen study program attended by the student. For this purpose, an empirical research was conducted on a sample of 517 final year students at the Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad. The research hypotheses were tested using the Spearman's correlation and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test within the SPSS 20.0 program. Empirical results highlight the existence of a statistically significant correlation between personality traits such as need for achievement and need for independence on one hand and the inclination of students to start their own business on the other. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between students of different genders and study orientation and their entrepreneurial intentions. The male students and those attending the Department of Management are more oriented towards implementation of entrepreneurial activities in some period of life in comparison to female students and students who attend other study programs. The set research framework points to further guidance in encouraging the entrepreneurial spirit, as well as the key drivers for a higher level of entrepreneurial intention of students after graduating from the Faculty of Economics.

DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES BETWEEN FEMALE AND MALE STUDENTS OF THE HIGH SCHOOL IN ARILJE

Cognitive (intellectual) processes are, on the basis of Plato's psychological trinoma (cognition - affection - connection), the most intensively studied processes in psychology. Intelligence, as the center of these processes, despite serious efforts, remained insufficiently known. The proof of this statement is the existence of numerous conceptions about the types of cognitive functioning.Cognitive abilities were measured in the first lessons,the presence of psychologists, subject teachers and authors of this research. All of the administered tests are essentially speed tests, so respondents do not have time to contact and communicate with other respondents. A battery of KOG-3 tests was used to assess cognitive ability (Wolf, Momirović, and Džamonja 1992).The KOG-3 battery is the minimum battery for evaluating the performance of a perceptual, serial, and parallel processor. The version of that battery was used to achieve the basic goal, ie. to determine the level of general cognitive ability. The battery consists of three tests:Image Comparison Test (IT1), the basic version was designed by Thurstone. The test is designed as a test of the general perceptual factor, which is in fact a synthesis of primary factors of perceptual identification, perceptual analysis and perceptual structuring. The completiontime is limited to 4 minutes.Synonym test (AL4), the basic version was designed by Wels. The test is constructed as a test of verbal comprehension. The completiontime is limited to 2 minutes andVisual Specialization Test(S1), the basic version was designed by Reuchlin and Valin. The test is designed as a classical multiple choice special test. The completiontime is limited to 8 minutes.The aim of this research is to identify and determine the specificity of the cognitive abilities of latent dimensions, as well as their differences, between female and male students in relation to gender.On the basis of the formulated problem, the subject matter and the established general and partial goals, the basic alternative hypothesis was put forward:H2. The structure of female and male students' cognitive abilities will provide unambiguous evidence thatis of hierarchical type, with thegeneral cognitive factor at the top, below which are the three primary cognitive factors, defined as:efficiency of perceptual processor (perceptual reasoning), IT-1; parallel processor efficiency (ability to spot, relate, and correlate), SI-1, and serial processor efficiency (symbolic reasoning). AL-4.H5 - No statistically significant differences in the analyzed cognitive abilities are expected between students of different gender and age.

Gender-Specific Risk Factors of Physical Activity-Related Injuries among Middle School Students in Southern China.

This cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the potential risk factors of physical activity-related injuries (PARI) among middle-school students of different genders. Selected by the random cluster sampling method, students aged from 12 to 16 years old in grades 7–8 from six middle schools in Shantou, southern China, were recruited for this investigation in November 2017. Information about socio-demographics, physical activity (PA) exposure time, individual exercise behaviors, risk-taking behaviors, and PARI experiences in the past 12 months was collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors of PARI. A total of 1270 students completed valid questionnaires, with an overall injury incidence of 33.6% (boys: 42.0%; girls: 25.0%), an injury risk of 0.68 injuries/student/year, and an injury rate of 1.43 injuries per 1000 PA exposure hours. For boys, living in a school dormitory, participating in sports teams, exercising on a wet floor, rebellious behavior, and having longer PA exposure time were the risk factors of PARI. For girls, those who were sports team members, whose parents were divorced or separated, and those with longer PA exposure time were more vulnerable to suffer from PARI. In conclusion, PARI was a health problem among middle school students in southern China. Boys and girls differed in PARI occurrence and were affected by different risk factors, which provides a basis for targeted gender-specific intervention programs to reduce the occurrence of PARI among middle-school students.

Development and Validation of a Script Concordance Test (SCT) to Evaluate Ethical Reasoning Ability Among First and Fifth Year Students in a Medical School

A script concordance test (SCT) was developed as an innovative tool for assessing ethical reasoning ability. An SCT of 12 medical ethical vignettes were constructed from the UNESCO Casebook on Human Dignity and Human Rights. The vignettes were reviewed by a panel of 15 medical experts before administration to a panel of 18 clinicians. The clinician’s answers were used to constitute the scoring key. The SCT was then administered to first and final year medical students. Data were analysed using SPSS. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. SCT performance was tested for association with sex, year of study and race by comparing the mean SCT scores between categories within each variable. Internal consistency as measured by Cronbach’s alpha values, ranging from 0.597 to 0.902, indicated high intra-vignette reliability for 10 of the vignettes. Inter-vignette reliability was high at 0.797. Mean SCT scores were not significantly different between students of different gender, year of study and ethnicity. However, each vignette was able to distinguish between overall poor and good test performers. The SCT was able to differentiate between students with varying degrees of ethical reasoning ability.

ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF RESERVE CAPABILITIES OF THE ORGANISM OF STUDENTS ACCORDING TO INDICES OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY

Introduction. Currently, there is a deterioration trend in the health of the younger generation, in particular, an increasing number of persons with functional disorders of the cardiovascular system. Regarding this it is important to develop an comprehensive approach to the study of the circulatory indices in the young age with informative clinical diagnostic techniques and new ways to analyze the data. Material and methods. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices in 200 students at rest and during exercise were studied. For a more complete assessment of the functional reserves of cardiovascular system after the load the index of the normal heart rhythm restoration (SDNN) was calculated. Moreover, we built logistic models and curves of the operating characteristics. Results. At rest, no significant differences in indices of both HRV and autonomic regulation of heart rate have been identified between boys and girls aged of 16-18 years. Students of the different gender, aged of 19-22 years showed significant differences in spectral parameters of HRV, there was noted the dominance of the sympathetic component of heart rate regulation in boys and parasympathetic - in girls. In terms of physical activity in undergraduate students there is observed mainly the activation of vagal influences on the heart, in senior students the vegetative balance shifted to the direction of the increased activity of mechanisms of the sympathetic regulation. The revealed decrease of NHRR reflects the low level of the reserve capacity of the cardiovascular system in 41% out of observed students. Part of students with an increased probability of the reduction of functional cardiac disorders accounted for 42% of boys and 39% of girls among students aged 16-18 years and 36% of boys and 44% of girls among students aged of 19-22 years. Conclusion. There is a change in the nature of autonomous regulation of heart rate in students of different gender and ages from 16-18 to 19-22 years. The optimal cardiac response to stress test is observed at low baseline values of heart rate and the prevalence of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic regulation of the heart rate at rest. To assess the functional reserve of the cardiovascular system in HRV indices we recommend the calculation of NHRR and the analysis of the SDNN coefficient for the effective prediction of heart rate recovery rate after exercise testing.

Influence of Social Media on Sexual Behaviour of Youth in Kwara State, Nigeria: Implications for Counselling Practice

This study investigated the influence of social media on the sexual behaviour of youth in Kwara State. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. A total of 395 youth participated in the study. One research question was raised while three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The instrument used for data collection for this study was a researcher-designed questionnaire entitled “Influence of Social Media Questionnaire” (ISMQ). The findings revealed that social media has considerable influence on the sexual behaviour of youth in Kwara State. Social media leads students to the act of sending erotic messages, watching pornographic films and movies, and also increases risky sexual behaviour such as masturbation. There were no significant differences in the influence of social media on sexual behaviour of youth in Kwara State based on gender, age and university attended. It was therefore recommended that counsellors should expose students to the danger inherent in negative uses of social media and analyze the possible result of proper usage of social media. Counsellors should also provide information specifically on the safe and respectful use of technology, as well as consequences of the negative use of social media to students of different genders, ages and universities attended.

Learning style preferences of architecture and interior design students in Saudi Arabia: A survey

This method article examines the Felder and Soloman’s (1999) Index of Learning Styles (ILS) questionnaire in the context of Saudi Arabian higher education. Specifically, it aims at exploring the learning styles preferences among the students in Interior Design and Architecture program. Clustering approach is used by grouping students based on the similarities measure of their learning style. The findings reveal that students in both programs share learning style of Reflective, Intuitive, Verbal and Global at 57% or higher.•Little research has focused on the Learning Styles preferences in higher education.•There is no significant difference of learning style preferences between Interior Design and Architecture students.•Reflecting learning style in university is reinforced by local elementary and high schools•The data can be used by the scientific community to explore differences in learning style preferences (e.g. students of different genders).

Does teaching qualification matter in higher education in the UK? An analysis of National Student Survey data

This article investigates the relationship between the teaching quality and student satisfaction in higher education institutions in the United Kingdom (UK). 121 universities were randomly selected for this data article. The findings reveal that a higher percentage of Higher Education Academy (HEA) qualification among universities’ staff is positively associated with higher ratings of student satisfaction. Non-Russell Group universities have a greater proportion of HEA qualified teachers than do Russell Group universities. Of the 10 highest-ranking universities for student satisfaction, only two are Russell Group Universities (Newcastle University and University of Oxford). The findings may inform policy implications.•Little research has focused on the relationship between teaching qualification and student satisfaction. This article adds value by identifying an association between teaching qualifications and student satisfaction in UK higher education institutions.•The validity of the data was assured through its collection from various sources, including a survey questionnaire from the National Student Survey (NSS), The Russell Group (UK), The Higher Education Academy (HEA), and Higher Education Funding Council for England (Hefce), UK.•The data can be used by the scientific community to understand the prevalence of teaching qualification in higher education, and factors associated with student satisfaction in the UK. The data can also be useful for higher education policymakers in the UK. The data could be applied to exploring differences in student perceptions of teaching quality (e.g. between local and international students, or students of different genders).

Assessment of knowledge and attitude of medical students for organ donation

Background: Organ transplantation is the most preferred treatment for many of the end-stage organ diseases as it increases life expectancy. Besides long-term survival benefits, organ donation also improves quality of life in many circumstances. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge and attitude of medical students for organ donation. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine of the mental institutions. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among undergraduate dental students of the medical institute. The study sample comprised of first-, second-, third-and fourth-year medical students. Anonymity and confidentiality of respondents were maintained and participation was voluntary. Results: We observed that knowledge scores were similar among students of different genders, years of study and different religions. Knowledge scores were high as compared to other parameters. Mean scores for attitude were lower as compared to knowledge scores, however, were similar in different groups. Mean scores for practice were quite low in all the groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, knowledge, attitude and practice of organ donation was significantly correlated for medical students. However, our study was limited to healthcare professionals and thus, cannot be summed up for the community.

Effect of Gender, Age, Grade Level, Subjects, and Family Income on the Locus of Control of Secondary School Students

The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of different variables on the locus of control of secondary school students. About 520 students participated in the study. Brown Locus of Control Scale (BLOCS) was used to assess the internal, external social, and external other loci of control of students. The t-test and ANOVA were applied to find out the difference in locus of control of students of different gender, age, grade level, subjects, and family income. Results revealed that external social and external other loci of control of female students were significantly higher than the male students. External other locus of control of younger age group (12-to-14-year) and lower grade level (9th) students was significantly higher than the students of older age groups (16-to-17 and 18-to-19-year-old) and higher grade level (10th) students. Internality and other externality of arts group students were significantly higher than the science group students. Family income was found to have significant effect on external social locus of control. However, the effect was not decisive as social externality of students of only one low-income group was significantly higher than the students of a high family income group.

Teachers’ beliefs about creative students’ characteristics: A qualitative study

The aim of the present study was to examine teachers’ beliefs about creative students’ characteristics and the possible gender differences in this respect. The study took the form of in-depth individual interviews conducted with 15 Polish secondary school teachers. We found that the interviewed teachers described a creative student mainly in terms of his or her personality traits relevant from the perspective of creativity, cognitive predisposition towards creativity, and motivation. Moreover, a creative student was described in terms of characteristics relating to artistic abilities, intelligence, and functioning at school. The interviewed teachers described a creative boy differently than they described a creative girl. As opposed to a creative girl, a creative boy was described as impulsive, independent, rule-breaking, courageous, willing to take risks, capable of defending his opinion, self-confident, individualistic, spontaneous, go-getting, and quickly getting down to action, whereas a creative girl was described mainly as diligent, conscientious, systematic, persistent, calm, acting according to plan, consistent, and well-behaved, but also as submissive and conformist, obeying all kinds of rules and regulations, avoiding risk, and acting according to instructions or a plan. The causes of these differences are discussed in the context of creativity types and styles, gender stereotypes, and different educational expectations for students of different genders.

Influence of an Interactive e-Book on the Reading Comprehension of Different Ethnic Groups Using Indigenous Culture as Content

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to determine whether interactive e-books on indigenous culture influence the reading comprehension of learners from different cultural backgrounds. The study analyses the factors involved in learning comprehension among participants with different cultural backgrounds when reading interactive e-books on indigenous culture. The experiment was conducted over a 9-week period, and 168 students (ages 16–18) completed tests on prior knowledge, reading comprehension, reading attitude, reading motivation, cognitive strategies, and metacognitive strategies. This study determined that in reading activities using interactive e-books on indigenous culture, indigenous students achieved significantly better reading comprehension performance than Han students. Another significant difference was observed in the reading comprehension performance among Han students of different genders. Furthermore, cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies effectively predicted the reading comprehension performance of indigenous students, while reading attitude and prior knowledge effectively predicted the reading comprehension performance of Han students.

"Boy Crisis" or "Girl Risk"? The Gender Difference in Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Behavior Among Middle-School Students in China and its Relationship to Gender Role Conflict and Violent Experiences.

Purpose:We attempted to test if there were gender differences in nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors among Chinese middle-school students, and analyze the impact of gender role conflict and violent experiences on these behaviors among middle-school students of different genders.Method:Based on the survey data from seven middle schools in Xi’an region of China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and its associated factors were analyzed in this study.Results:There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among middle-school students; however, female middle-school students were more likely to experience gender role conflicts while male students were more likely to experience all kinds of violence earlier. Gender role conflicts and violent experiences can explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors by gender, to some extent.Conclusions:The hypothesis on gender patterns of “boy crisis” or “girl risk” on NSSI prevalence was not verified; however, a “girl risk” for gender role conflicts and a “boy crisis” in violent experiences were found. The gender role conflicts were significantly associated with NSSI prevalence among middle-school students to some extent; however, this relationship was adjusted by variables of violent experiences. The different variables of violent experiences were the important predictors of NSSI prevalence among male and female middle-school students with specific contents varying across genders.

Stavovi studenata zdravstvene njege o ulozi medicinske sestre u zdravstvenom timu

Objective. The public image of nursing appears as a positive but has a negative aspect as well. It is based on myths, misconceptions and stereotypes, which may influence the choice of nursing as a profession, the employment and the work of nurses. The aim of this study is to explore what the attitudes and opinions of students about health care identity and respectability of the profession are, the role of the health care team, possibility to leave the country and satisfaction with nursing positions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The study was designed according to the type of cross-sectional study. An epidemiological survey was conducted at the Medical Faculty in Foca during the period 1st to 31st May 2017. The study included 60 students of nursing from the first to the fourth-year, students of different gender and age from 19 to 24 years, who, at the time of examination, attended study. Results. Most respondents, 90% are women, while the study involved only 10% of male students. Of the total num­ber of examined nursing students, 43.4% disagree or generally disagree with the statement that other members of the team value nurses. The highest percentage of subjects (93.4%) agrees with the statement that the continuous improvement is required. Ninety percent of respondents agree with the state­ment that the nurses' job is just as responsible as the other members of the healthcare team. When it comes to the desire to go abroad, the majority (86.6%) would like to do so. Conclusion. Based on the survey results, we can conclude that among students prevail discontent with the position of a nurse in the healthcare team and the country, as well as the great interest in going abroad.