Gender Differences In Students Research Articles

Unintended pregnancy and associated risk factors among college students in the 31 provinces/ municipalities of China.

SynopsisDifferences exist in unintended pregnancy rates among Chinese students of different genders, majors, school locations, ethnic groups, and ages. Non‐Han ethnicity was the strongest factor.

The Current Health Belief of Exercise Conditions of Chinese College Students and Ways of Improvements: An Analysis Based on the Health Belief Model.

The purpose of this study was to discuss the differences in the parameters of exercise health beliefs among college students of different genders, and assess the relationship between demographic factors and parameters of exercise health beliefs, and examine the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and internal components of exercise health beliefs. A total of 313 Chinese college students from the Sichuan University of Arts and Science completed the exercise health belief scale voluntarily under the tutor’s explanation. The results showed that compared with female students, male students have higher perceived benefits and self-efficacy of exercise and lower perceived subjective and objective barriers. Monthly family income has a significant positive correlation with exercise self-efficacy and a negative correlation with perceived subjective barriers to exercise disorder. Exercise self-efficacy has a positively correlated with perceived benefits and perceived severity and a significant negative correlation with perceived subjective and objective barriers. From the structural equation model, we found that family income no longer significantly impacted exercise self-efficacy. Within the exercise health belief items, we found only that there were negative relationship between perceived subjective barriers and exercise self-efficacy. According to the study, our findings provide a new psychological angle for understanding the exercise condition of college students and the restraining factors and provide new insights into increasing exercise self-efficacy to lower the subjective barriers to exercise. Future studies will focus on evaluating the relationship between exercise health belief components and college Students’ physical activity levels and exercise behaviors.

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF ANXIETY SENSITIVITY ON COLLEGE ENGLISH LEARNING -BASED ON THE LEARNING ATTACHMENT STYLES

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF ANXIETY SENSITIVITY ON COLLEGE ENGLISH LEARNING -BASED ON THE LEARNING ATTACHMENT STYLES

Grice Maxims Breaking in the Teacher and Students’ Online Interaction

Grice promotes four maxims to obey as the requirements for successful communication, including quality, quantity, relevance, and manner. However, several conditions require breaking the maxims to make communication more effective, including an interaction between teachers and students. The gender of the students and the practice of online classes also contribute to the breaking of maxims. Hence, this study aims to examine the breaking of Grice maxims in the online classroom interaction between the teacher and students of different genders. The communication between an English teacher and her students in an online class was observed to gather the data. Then, the results were analyzed qualitatively. Finally, this study found that teachers’ interaction with students of both genders produced flouting of quantity maxim. The teacher’s interaction with the female students flouted quantity, relevance, and manner maxims which is caused by the cooperative communication leading females to talk a lot, while the teacher's interaction with male students flouted the quality, relevance, and manner maxims, which is caused by the dominance that males tend to show to female. Moreover, the flouting of maxims made positive and negative results in the communication. Lastly, a more extended period study is suggested to produce further findings.

Shedding Light on the Effects of Orienteering Exercise on Spatial Memory Performance in College Students of Different Genders: An fNIRS Study.

Objective: To investigate the intervention effect of orienteering exercises on the spatial memory ability of college students of different genders and its underlying mechanism. Methods: Forty-eight college students were randomly screened into experimental and control groups, 12 each of male and female, by SBSOD scale. The effects of 12 weeks of orienteering exercises on the behavioral performance and brain activation patterns during the spatial memory tasks of college students of different genders were explored by behavioral tests and the fNIRS technique. Results: After the orienteering exercise intervention in the experimental group, the male students had significantly greater correct rates and significantly lower reaction times than the female students; left and right dorsolateral prefrontal activation was significantly reduced in the experimental group, and the male students had a significantly greater reduction in the left dorsolateral prefrontal than the female students. The degree of activation in the left and right dorsolateral prefrontals of the male students and the right dorsolateral prefrontals of the female students correlated significantly with behavioral performance, and the functional coupling between the brain regions showed an enhanced performance. Discussion: Orienteering exercises improve the spatial memory ability of college students, more significantly in male students. The degree of activation of different brain regions correlated with behavioral performance and showed some gender differences.

Environmental Education Learning for Enhancing Wetlands Management in the Northeast of Thailand Using Cooperative-Based Learning

The purposes of this research were to develop environmental education learning plans to enhance wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand by using cooperative-based learning for being efficient and effective, to study and compare knowledge about wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand, attitudes and environmental ethics before and after learning of undergraduate students and to compare knowledge, attitudes and environmental ethics of undergraduate students with a different gender. The sample used in the research was 107 undergraduate students selected by purposive sampling in the 1st semester of the academic year 2020. The research tools were learning plans on wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand using cooperative-based learning, a knowledge test on wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand, an attitude test, and an environmental ethics test. The statistics used in the research were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, including hypothesis testing using Paired t-test and F-test (One-Way ANOVA). The results showed that: the efficiency of the learning plans on wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand using cooperative-based learning was 97.78/92.36 and the effectiveness index (E.I.) was 0.9430, indicating that the student’s learning progress increased by 94.30%. The undergraduate students had an average score of knowledge about wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand, attitudes and environmental ethics in the post-test was higher than the pretest statistical significance (p < .05). There was no difference in the knowledge score of wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand and attitudes of undergraduate students of different gender (p > .05). And there was a statistically significant difference in environmental ethics of undergraduate students of different gender (p < .05). Male’ score of environmental ethics about wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand was higher than females.

The Re-integration of College Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Under Young Entrepreneurs' Enterprising Spirit and Professional Music Education.

The purpose is to coordinate the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship education (IEE) and professional education. This exploration is based on the entrepreneurial spirit of young entrepreneurs and the re-integration of IEE and music education in colleges. First, the IEE is studied in theory. Then, the basic criteria for integrating IEE and professional education are studied, and 305 students from a music college in Xi’an are taken as the survey sample. The questionnaire is adopted to investigate the current situation of the integration of IEE and professional education. The results show that 52.1% of students believe that IEE is closely related to professional education. In terms of self entrepreneurship awareness, males’ awareness of self entrepreneurship is higher than females’, and the willingness of self entrepreneurship from freshman to senior is 3.1, 15.5, 26.1, and 30.8%, respectively. For the dominant position in the integrated curriculum, 55.6% hold that professional courses should dominate innovative professional courses, and 25.9% believe that innovation and entrepreneurship courses should be dominated. Besides, 16.5% think that the proportion of the two should be the same, and 2% hold that it doesn’t matter. For the enthusiasm of innovative professional courses, only 14.1% of students are very positive. The survey results show that the integration of IEE and professional education needs to be improved, and there is a lack of pertinence and guidance for students of different genders and grades. Students are not clear about the position of IEE and lack enthusiasm. Finally, reasonable suggestions are put forward in view of the above problems. The results are conducive to promoting and accelerating the process of talent training mode combining professional education and IEE. It has a certain reference value for college education and teaching reform.

The Environmental Public Mind Behavior of Undergraduate Students

This research aimed to study the environmental public mind behavior of undergraduate students and compare the environmental public mind behavior of undergraduate students of different gender and year level. The sample used in the research were 230 students of 1-4 years in the Environmental Education program, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, being selected by voluntarily sampling. The research tools were questionnaires on environmental public mind behavior. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and hypothesis testing using correlation and One-Way ANOVA. The result was found that; environmental public mind behavior was to: environmental public mind model (x̄ = 3.93), cultivating environmental responsibility (x̄ = 3.83), environmental conservation (x̄ = 3.81), environmental sacrifice (x̄ = 3.80), environmental sustainable development (x̄ = 3.74) and environmental participation respectively (x̄ = 3.65). The relationship level of environmental public mind behavior of students in all 6 aspects was positively correlated statistically significant at the .05 level. There was no difference in environmental public mind behavior of students of different gender and year level.

Practical Research on the Development of Physical Exercise and Physical Education Training Based on 5G Technology.

The traditional physical education teaching model in colleges and universities is basically based on “teaching” to teach learning, to cultivate the knowledge and skills of college students, and to master some scientific physical exercise methods and skills. This article was aimed at conducting research based on the practice of 5G technology to help physical exercise development and physical education training. This article first discusses the importance of outreach training in physical education. It is feasible to implement expansion training in physical education, and it can have a profound impact. It can have a great impact on students' personality, psychology, and work attitude and will greatly help them enter the society in the future. At the same time, this article introduces the human movement data monitoring method based on 5G technology. It expounds on the two aspects of human body posture description method and exercise data parameter calculation and analyzes and discusses the exercise time, exercise frequency, exercise intensity, exercise items, and exercise persistence of college students of different genders, disciplines, and grades. The results of the study show that the proportion of college students who take part in physical exercise every time “within 0.5 hours” is the highest, which is 40% of the total sample size. The option of “1.5 hours or more” is the least, only 11% of the total number of people. There is a significant difference between the two, indicating that college students should strengthen physical exercise.

Individual Differences in Digital Game-Based Supply Chains Management Learning: Evidence from Higher Vocational Education in Taiwan

This study aims to investigate the differences in the learning path and value between students of different genders and educational backgrounds in digital game-based learning in Taiwan’s higher vocational education. A game-based digital Supply Chains Learning System was used to explore the value network based on “system attributes—learning consequences—target value” from the perspective of the student. To investigate the research question, this study conducted a cross-analysis of differences in gender and education background. Findings from the study revealed that irrespective of gender and educational background in higher vocational education in Taiwan, students developed distinctively different learning paths, values, and emphasis from specific system attributes. These findings will not only enable trainers and educators to learn more about the differences in learning by individuals but will also serve as useful guidelines for the improvement of the teaching strategy used by digital games developers.

The Innovation of Entrepreneurship Education for Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance From the Perspective of Entrepreneurial Psychology.

The purpose is to help college students start their own businesses and protect and develop China’s intangible cultural heritage. The entrepreneurship of college students in the field of intangible culture is studied from the perspective of entrepreneurial psychology. First, the related characteristics, main content, and research status of college entrepreneurship education are described in detail. Entrepreneurial psychology is divided into entrepreneurial cognition, entrepreneurial emotion and entrepreneurial will. Then, the concept and development status of intangible cultural heritage are briefly summarized to illustrate the importance of inheriting and developing intangible cultural heritage. A questionnaire is designed based on intangible cultural heritage development mode to interview local college students randomly. Finally, the results are analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results show that massive students do not understand the entrepreneurial policy, and only 16% of them know it very well. More than 30% of the students think that entrepreneurship will improve personal responsibility. Nearly 50% of the students believe that entrepreneurship can increase their life experience. Almost 50% of the students have the psychological quality of persistence and courage in entrepreneurship. The final results show that there are great differences in entrepreneurial cognition among students of different grades. Regarding entrepreneurial emotion, there are obvious differences among students of different genders, disciplines, and grades. Regarding the entrepreneurial will, there are only differences among students with different grades. In entrepreneurship education, different teaching methods should be adopted for different ages to comprehensively improve the effect of entrepreneurship education for students of all grades and help them obtain good entrepreneurship results. This exploration provides technical support for the inheritance of material and cultural inheritance and contributes to the entrepreneurship education of college students.

The Role of Literature in Boosting EFL University Students’ Critical Thinking: Case of First-year Students in Algeria

The integration of critical thinking within the learning process is considered a crucial indicator of education’s quality. Nevertheless, with the reforms introduced in higher education, less importance was given to this skill; consequently, most Algerian EFL learners cannot think critically and creatively. To fill the gap, this study suggests using literature as a bridge between the teaching of the foreign language and the enhancement of learners’ critical thinking abilities. The research also proposes strategies and approaches to motivate students to use their critical thinking skills in literature class. To this end, the researcher raised the following research question: How do we enhance learners’ critical thinking abilities while teaching literature? And what strategies and approaches to adopt to motivate students using their critical thinking abilities within a literature class? The researcher adopted semi-structured interviews with teachers and classroom observations as instruments to collect necessary data. The participants are EFL university teachers and first-year students of different genders from the department of English language at the University of Dr. Moulay Tahar, Saida (Algeria). Obtained results show positive feedback from the students towards the critical thinking approaches used by the teacher-researcher in literature class. It also revealed that teachers are aware of the effectiveness of critical thinking when teaching literature to improve the learners’ proficiency in English as a foreign language and enhance their critical thinking abilities. This study recommended using high order of thinking as a strategy when teaching literature. Keywords: Algeria University, critical thinking, EFL learners at Saida University, high-order thinking, literature teaching

Reforms and inequalities in selective fields of higher education in France: Measuring the impacts using a dual approach

AbstractOne of the specificities of French higher education is that there is no single higher education system but two compartmentalised and hierarchical higher education systems comprising (1) universities and (2) grande école higher education institutions. Competing for a place in the latter requires that students have succeeded in classe préparatoire studies at the undergraduate level (an intensive foundation degree). While access to university is open to all students, access to classe préparatoire is very selective and remains the source of many inequalities. Thus, in 2018, only 7% of students studying in classe préparatoire programmes had a working‐class father, compared with 50% whose father was a manager, and less than 43% were women, 30% of whom were in the science stream (RERS, 2018). Numerous reforms have been implemented over the past thirty years to mitigate inequalities associated with gender, social and cultural status, as well as geographical location. This study analysed the impact of reforms on the evolution of inequalities. With focus on social and gender inequalities, I use a dual approach to analyse questions pertaining to access and the impact of reforms; specifically, (1) a cliometric approach, based on a quantitative historical analysis of long time series, and (2) a microeconomic approach that relies on individual series. I show that despite measures aimed at opening access to students of different gender and social backgrounds, the grandes écoles higher education institutions remain a relatively compartmentalised system that perpetuates the reproduction of social and gender inequalities.

Do Gender or Major Influence the Performance in Programming Learning? Teaching Mode Decision Based on Exercise Series Analysis.

Both traditional teaching and online teaching advocate individualized education. One of the difficulties on exploring possible improvements of instructional design is the challenging process of data collection. Existing research mainly focuses on the exam score of students but pays little attention to students' daily practice. As an effective method to handle time-series dataset, the generalized estimating equations (GEE) have not been used in this research field. Considering above issues, we first propose an experimental paradigm of programming performance analysis based on the performance record of students' daily practice-exam and finish collecting a complete time-series dataset in one semester, including students' individual attributes, learning behavior, and learning performance. Then, we propose an approach that analyzes practice-exam time-series dataset based on GEE to study the influence of individual attributes and learning behavior on learning performance. It is the first time to apply the GEE method for ordinal multinomial responses in this research field, by which we conclude several results that gender or major does have a certain difference on the programming learning. The longer the answer time and the less the cost time, the better the students' performance. Regardless of gender, students tend to cram for the exam and perform a little worse in the daily exercise. Finally, targeting at two important individual attributes, we give corresponding teaching mode decisions that university should teach students programming by major and teacher should give different teaching methods to students of different genders at different time points.

Student motivational profiles in science: TIMSS 2019 in Serbia

Understanding motivation for learning as a complex construct allows for education to be tailored to students? individual characteristics and needs. Although different combinations of motivational factors lead to different outcomes, there is still a remarkable scarcity of research on students? motivational profiles in science. To identify groups of fourth-graders characterized by different levels of intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy in science, we applied the person-centered approach. By conducting secondary analyses of data obtained via student questionnaires and science knowledge tests in TIMSS 2019 in Serbia, we examined motivational profiles? structure and relations to achievement as well as the membership of students of different genders and profile stability across two research cycles. The cluster analysis revealed four profiles characterized by different levels of intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and achievement. Students who reported higher levels of motivation and self-efficacy were more successful than students with lower scores on these variables. Students who reported the highest levels of self-efficacy and moderate levels of motivation demonstrated the highest achievement levels. This finding indicates that teachers need to use strategies for improving competencies and enhancing students? self-efficacy. It is necessary to examine contextual factors that might have contributed to the increase in the number of students who demonstrated low levels of intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy, and the lowest levels of achievement.

Investigation on Anxiety and Coping Style of College Students During COVID-19 Epidemic.

To investigate the current situation of anxiety and coping style of college students during COVID-19 epidemic. In February, 2021, 620 college students studying at home were investigated by online questionnaire, and the data were collected by self-rating anxiety scale and simple coping style questionnaire. Some students had behavioral reactions and somatization symptoms such as panic, anxiety, depression, boredom and depression. There are differences in coping styles among college students of different genders and grades, and some coping styles are related to anxiety. The better the knowledge of epidemic prevention or the more active the coping style, the lower the anxiety level. The more negative the coping style, the higher the anxiety. During COVID-19 epidemic, there are differences in coping styles among college students of different genders and grades, and some coping styles are related to anxiety. Schools and society should pay attention to the coping style and mental health counseling of candidates while preventing and controlling the epidemic.

Research on the Drivers of Entrepreneurship Education Performance of Medical Students in the Digital Age

COVID-19 has made the entire society pay more attention to medical students training. Medicine development is inseparable from the spirit of innovation, focusing on cultivating medical students' innovative awareness and improving entrepreneurship education performance, which has an irreplaceable effect on both the students themselves and the society. This study is based on the ridge regression model to study the driving factors of the entrepreneurship education performance of medical students. Compared with traditional multiple regression, it can improve the consistency of parameter estimation and obtain more realistic results. Based on a large sample of empirical survey data of 24,677 medical students in China, this study analyzed the driving factors of the entrepreneurship education performance of medical students and found that medical students of different genders have differences in entrepreneurship education performance; the digital economy impacts entrepreneurship education performance of medical students; entrepreneurship course, entrepreneurship faculty, entrepreneurship competition, entrepreneurship practice, and entrepreneurship policy have a driving effect on the entrepreneurship education performance of medical students. Meanwhile, the impact of entrepreneurship policy is the most obvious, followed by entrepreneurship practice and entrepreneurship competition, followed by entrepreneurship course and entrepreneurship faculty.

Higher education students' perceptions of sustainable development in Portugal

Higher education institutions play an increasingly important role in advancing sustainable development. Various studies have demonstrated the key contribution made by teachers to achieving sustainable development. However, few works have addressed students' perceptions in this regard and given that the students of today will be the main influencers and decision-makers of the future, a greater understanding of their beliefs and attitudes towards sustainable development should be gleaned. The aim of this research is to analyse the perceptions of sustainable development held by students at Portuguese public higher education institutions. To this end, a descriptive and exploratory study was conducted by administering an online questionnaire. The sample is made up of 1257 students from different Portuguese public higher education institutions (68.6% women; average age 24.96 years). The results show that although the students recognise the importance of sustainable development and most of them have already heard about the sustainable development goals (16% never heard about them), they believe that the higher education institutions could and should give more training on this matter. Most students state that they would accept a lower salary from a company with a good social and environmental performance in some circumstances. The majority also have pro-sustainability habits and behaviours. Most of the students are concerned about climate change, most speak of some reusing, reducing and recycling practices, but fewer students contribute to sustainable development by participating in activities (e.g., environmental or community volunteering) organised by environmental organisations or the higher education institution. Differences in the behaviours and habits related to sustainability were observed between the students of different genders, ages and scientific areas. The results further present four clusters of students regarding their perception of sustainable development and related practices. The largest cluster (about 45%) includes students who are more concerned about climate change, actively contribute to sustainable development with reuse, reduction and recycling practices, and participate in organised activities to promote the protection of the environment or society. The smallest cluster (about 8%) includes students who are still sceptical about climate change and therefore adopt less environmentally friendly practices. Five years after the publication of the sustainable development goals, students feel that sustainability is starting to be integrated in education. However, the impact on their behaviours and attitudes remains moderate.

Raising Awareness of the Impact of Guilt and Shame on Counselor Education Students

ABSTRACT A purposive sample of 560 counselor education students from 12 CACREP-accredited programs completed the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP), an emotional and behavioral assessment of shame and guilt. Results indicated that participants were unlikely to withdraw from others and unlikely to behave in immoral, non-empathic, and socially irresponsible ways. However, students in this study may struggle with low self-esteem, high levels of anxiety, perfectionism, and fear of failure when experiencing shame. Students in this study experiencing guilt were likely to behave ethically, empathically, and use socially responsible behaviors. Counselor education students of different genders, races, ages, and counseling specialties experienced shame and guilt in similar ways. Several recommendations are made to help train counselor education students to understand how shame and guilt can impact counseling outcomes.

More Alike than Different: Student Perceptions of Academic Librarians by Genders and Subject Areas

ABSTRACT This study explored differences in how undergraduate students of different genders and academic disciplines perceived academic librarians at a U.S. public university. No evidence indicated differences between students identifying as male or female, and few statistically significant differences were found among four Subject Areas (Arts, Humanities + Social Sciences, Business, Health + Education, and STEM). Our results have implications for local practice though they are not generalizable to other institutions. Despite a lack of significant findings, librarians should continue to explore ways to measure how students of different disciplines perceive academic libraries and/or librarians as valuable to their academic success.