Text Structure Research Articles

SYAIR CERMIN ISLAM DALAM KAJIAN SASTRA PROFETIK

Syair Cermin Islam is a Malay oral text which contains Islamic teachings related to amar ma'ruf and nahi mungkar. This poetry text has elements of transcendence, namely going beyond human experience which is prophetic in nature. This research aims to describe the prophetic reality in the text of Syair Cermin Islam which is still relevant in today's modern world. This research uses a dynamic-structuralism (semiotic) approach and data analysis is carried out using content analysis techniques. The semiotic approach is a sign system approach. Signs in literary literature come in the form of texts, both within the text structure and outside the text structure. Of course it will contribute to the understanding of prophetic reality. The data analysis method refers to the process of determining the unit of analysis which consists of poetry text. The main findings in this research are: Firstly, prophetic reality in the aspect of meaning reconstruction and interpretation related to the transcendence of amar ma'ruf and nahi munkar, with divine awareness and longing for eternal life. Second, the prophetic reality in the liberation aspect is related to the relationship between actions and the consequences received for those actions. The essence of the findings from the analysis of the text of Syair Cermin Islam is in the form of a command to do good deeds and abandon bad deeds so that humans are safe in this world and in the afterlife.

Struktur, Isi, dan Kebahasaan Teks Posedur Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sutera

The purpose of this research is to describe the structure, to describe the contents, and to describe the language of procedure text for seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Sutera. This research applied qualitative with descriptive methods. The source of the data is written procedure text for seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Sutera. The data are collected through documentation studies. The data validation technique in this study is a triangulation technique (cross-check). The data were analyzed based on the aspects of structure, content, and linguistics of the procedure text. The results of the study concluded as follows. First, all the procedure texts have titles, only 23 have objectives, all 30 texts have tools or materials and steps, and on the closing part, students were not able to write a good closing of a procedure text. Second, in terms of content, it was found that there are 20 complete procedure texts and 10 incomplete procedure texts. Third, there are 113 appropriate imperative and 45 inappropriate imperative sentences, 63 correct adverbs, and 3 incorrect adverbs, and there are 385 correct conjunctions and 19 incorrect conjunctions.

Doing Manual Paraphrasing: What Should the Students Do in Paraphrasing or Rewriting English Writing?

The issue of plagiarism and students' writing difficulties appeared to be a difficulty for teachers, so the existence of paraphrasing is a means to prevent plagiarizing. The objective of this study is to describe manual paraphrasing for students in paraphrasing or rewriting English writing. This research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis shows that manual paraphrasing is the activity of rewriting a text into another form manually without the help of online tools. In teaching paraphrasing manually, ten several strategies can be used by students, including using synonyms, changing the word form, changing active or passive sentences, changing transitions/connectors, changing/rearranging the order of ideas, changing or modifying text structure, simplifying or summarizing sentence, changing the double negative into a positive form, adding quotation marks for important points, and combining paraphrasing techniques. Students need to combine these strategies by applying more than two strategies than a single paraphraseIn manual paraphrasing, students must carefully study the source material, comprehend its meaning, attempt to explain it, and then rewrite it using their words while preserving the same meaning. Manual paraphrasing requires more effort and takes time than using automated tools, but the results may be better than expected.

Exploring on the Poetic Pragmatic Structure in Chinese Classical Philosophical Texts

In Chinese classical philosophical texts, the use of poetic explications to convey concepts is a unique and fascinating phenomenon. Unlike Western philosophy, where conceptions are often explained by definition of connotation and extension. Classical Chinese philosophy relies on direct experiential understanding through poetry and metaphorical language. This pragmatic structure in Classical Chinese allows for a deeper connection between the reader and the text, even opening up the possibility of personal interpretation. By recalling or forming certain experiences, even mystical ones, readers can gain a more profound understanding of the concepts being discussed. This article explores the ontology of the unity of heaven and man() that is preset in these texts and makes this process (what people called tiwu()) possible. Taking the Five Elements as an example, this article reveals unique concepts born on the basis of this pragmatic structure that is different from Western philosophy.

WHAT IS TEXT-BASED LEARNING AND ITS TYPES IN EDUCATIONAL PLACES

Text-based Learning (TBL) has been extensively employed in EFL classrooms in Uzbekistan. The curriculum requires teachers to exploit the structure of various texts for communicative purposes. Similarly, in tertiary level, lecturers do the same thing for teaching reading, speaking, writing, and even listening. It is true that some literature offer the merits of using text-based learning. However, we also need to listen to EFL teachers’ real practice, so when implementing it in our own classroom, we, teachers, can anticipate the problem and implement the text-based learning well. This paper is aimed at presenting EFL pre-service teachers’ problems and strategies in their first-time teaching English using Text-based learning viewed from the sociocultural approach. By so doing, the problems and strategies are not only individually developed but also socially developed through social interaction or what so-called the sociocultural approach. This study is useful for secondary school teachers, lecturers, student-teachers, and policymakers in planning and implementing text-based learning.

The Influence of the Picture and Picture Model on the Students’ Ability of Class VIII to Determine Explanatory Text Structure at MTs Al Washliyah Perpaudangan, Indonesia

This research was conducted with the aim of finding out how the picture and picture learning model affects the students’ abilities of class VIII at MTs Al-Washliyah in identifying the structure of explanatory text. For population as well as samples, there were 44 students taken randomly from class VIII-2 (22 students as the experimental group), and from VIII-1 (22 students as the control group). This research involved experimental methodology and an essay test as a data collection method was used. The findings showed that each student provided thoughtful and unique responses to each question. The experimental class got an average score of 82 (very good), while the average score in the control class was 63 (fair). The research data were calculated and processed, so that tcount > ttable (8.23 > 1.682) was obtained; therefore, Ha agreed. In other words, the students’ ability to recognize the structure of explanatory text was greatly influenced by the model. Keywords: explanatory text, learning model, picture and picture

The rhetoric of war on the pages of the magazine “Vitchyzna” in the 1940s

The subject of the study is the military rhetoric on the pages of the “Vitchyzna” magazine of the 1940s. The author processed two issues of the magazines “Soviet Literature” and “Ukrainian Literature” from 1941, researched and analyzed the content of each periodical according to chronology. The novelty lies in the use of a different toolkit for the analysis of Soviet periodicals, in particular, the less-studied magazine “Vitchyzna” and the determination of its leading role both in publishing and in the literary and artistic space of the 40s of the 20th century. The goal is to analyze the magazine’s system-typological features with the help of the historical context; to determine the specifics of military rhetoric at all its structural levels. The main methods of the study were comparative and systematic-typological, which were used to identify and interpret rhetorical features in the structure of texts and the literary and artistic context of the “Vitchyzna” magazine of the pre-war and war periods. The scholar traced the history of the creation and development of the magazine in the 1940s, which during the studied period had three titles: “Soviet Literature”, “Ukrainian Literature”, “Vitchyzna”. The researcher focused on the constant changes in the editorial staff, chief editors (I. Kulyk, I. Le, I. Stebun and Yu. Yanovsky) and their influence on the magazine’s rhetoric. Having singled out the most important structural and semantic features of both individual artistic texts and various headings (Poetry, Prose, Criticism, Literary and Artistic Chronicle, Bibliography) that unite these texts, she offered to consider the selected material through the prism of war rhetoric. The results of the research confirmed that war narratives were an integral part of Soviet society both before and during World War II. To reproduce a complete picture of the narratives of the Soviet government, the scholar in the study turns to 1939, which marks the beginning of the full-scale German invasion of Poland (September 1) and the “Winter” Soviet-Finnish War (November 30). Literary characters in poetry and prose from the content of magazines are characterized by excessive heroism and pathos. The system of figurative and poetic expression of the authors of the texts is diversified by rhetorical devices: metaphor, alliteration, anaphora, hyperbolization, juxtaposition of enemies / fighters of the Red Army, humor, identification with the audience (use of the pronoun “we”), appeal to authority. All works are designed for the Soviet reader of the time and are written according to the appropriate Soviet methods.

Analysis of Instructional Strategies Teachers use to Teach Reading Comprehension to Grade 3 Learners in Selected Primary Schools of Solwezi District

The study investigated instructional strategies teachers use to teach reading comprehension to grade 3 learners in the target language as they transitioned from learning in the local language. The main objective was to instructional strategies teachers used to teach reading comprehension to grade 3 learners in the target language in the primary schools of Solwezi district. A qualitative approach was used and a descriptive phenomenological research design was adopted. The sample included 5 primary schools, 8 senior teachers and 13 teachers. Data was collected using structured interview guides, classroom observation guides and document review checklists. Data was analysed thematically. The study found that teachers used strategies such as group work, pair work read and aloud and whole class to teach literacy in English. The study also found that teachers lacked understanding of how to use the instructional strategies to teach reading comprehension in grade 3 as they transitioned into learning English. The study further found that the use of systematic explicit instruction, making connections with text, teaching words in isolation, in context, graphic organisers, visual evidence, peer-assisted, translanguaging, text structure, summarising important points, scaffolding, visualizing, predicting, sandwiching, and read aloud were effective instructional strategies to teaching reading comprehension in English. The study recommended that school administrators should enhance capacity building for the teachers, as a continuous process, in all primary schools so that teachers have the competencies to handle reading comprehension lessons.

Еволюція форм вираження авторського модусу у французькому романі

The article is devoted to the problem of expressing the author's mode in artistic discourse, and specifically to the types of narrators and their change in French literature of the 19th-21st centuries. The main focus is on the internalized narrator as the leading form of the modern French novel, which receives a polymodal status due to the special contamination of the voices of the author, the narrator and the character. The article continues the development of the theory of textual modality, namely, the analysis of linguistic forms of its presentation in the text is made, the main means of expressing the modal meaning and showing the author's attitude are determined. Among them, the subjective epithet, the techniques of speech dislocation, and inserted elements that enhance the emotionality of the work deserve special attention. The evolution of the forms of presentation of the author's point of view, the linguistic personality of the author as a bearer of a certain culture is studied, the features of the new text structure with contaminated types of speech are highlighted. Attention is focused on the interconnectedness of the categories of modality, reference and axiologicality, their representation in different parts of the composition, as well as such categories as modalization and focalization, which are considered as meaning- and text-forming. Special attention is paid to expressive modality, forms of integral polylogue, subjective psychologism of the story. It turns out that a special role begins to be given to the mode of doubt, uncertainty of meaning, mechanisms of reflection, actualization of the communicative and discursive feature of the story, and subjective evaluation. It was found that the perceptive mode characteristic of the beginning of the story creates a split reference, to which the mode of subjective reflection is added. The assimilation of the author's voice to the character's voice leads to the disappearance of bright figurative forms, but the modality of accentuation and clarification appears. Modes of self-reflection, self-ignorance, contradictions to generally accepted stereotypes, the appearance of which was impossible in previous narrative types, deserve special attention. Keywords: modality, author's mode, narrator, subjectivization, interiorized narrative, novel, French language. Information about author: Smushchynska Iryna Viktorivna – doctor of philology, professor, head of the department of theory and practice of translation of Roman languages of Mykola Zerov; Educational and scientific institute of philology; Kyiv national Taras Shevchenko university.

Структурная поэтика Фортепианного трио Николая Корндорфа

The article is devoted to Nikolai Sergeyevich Korndorf’s Trio for Violin, Cello and Piano Are you ready, brother? (1996). Stemming from analytical observations of the structure of the musical text and the path of hermeneutic interpretation of the content-based aspect of the composition, the author of the article formulates important principles concerning the artistic structure of this composition. The peculiar architectonic aspects of the trio serve as a point of departure for analytic examination. At the same time, diverse structural particularities, revealed for the first time by the author of the article on the level of structural, rhythmic and timbral organization come within the focus of attention of research. Being remote from the ideas of abstract construction, the structural principles of Korndorf’s composition, many of which are discussed in the article, are closely connected with the artistic assignment. Korndorf’s style and compositional technique appear in the Piano Trio from a new side, demonstrating not only a refined structural logic of the musical text, but also the high poetical meaning conveyed in it.

Лексико-семантична структура діалектного тексту

The article substantiates the importance of the lexical-semantic structure of a dialect text as a basis for studying the real manifestations of the semantic spontaneous speech, the dynamics of the lexical structure, the lexical background and verbal content of various texts, and factage for spatial interpretations of contextual meanings. The author proves that dialect texts are characterized as a semantic phenomenon, and this thing actualizes the question of the lexical composition and semantic structure of lexemes of this phenomenon, which has central (obligatory) units and peripheral ones, as well as qualifiers that determine the tonality of speech. The article demonstrates that memoir texts about the country's political and social events contain colloquial names of the past (collectivization - driven into collective farms; decentralization – razkuǀlac'uvan'a, hunger strike – holoǀdovka, etc.), popular assessment of these phenomena. Tests in which the origin of toponyms or microtoponyms is explained have a clear structure (toponym or microtoponym – a motivator word and an interpretive part), they are considered as a text within a text. They have signs of language play.

ON STYLISTIC DIFFERENTIATION IN UKRAINIAN POETIC SPEECH BASED ON THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES

Background. The article is devoted to the stylistic differentiation of syntactic structures of Ukrainian-language poetic texts of the Ukrainian language corpus. The goal is to study the idiostyle on models of syntactic structures, graphically presented in the form of dependency trees, with the establishment of parameters for characterizing the author's style. The properties of the linear structure of 7,752 Ukrainian-language sentences in the verse style were studied. An "averaged" dependency graph was built for each author as a generalization of the syntactic parameters of dependency trees. Methods. Applied methods of structural linguistics included quantitative methods and modeling methods, distributive analysis, direct component method, method of constructing dependency trees (DT) and direct components in linguistic analysis modules: automatic morphological (distributive) and automatic syntactic (direct component and dependency tree method). Results. As a result of the study, it was established that the architecture of the phrase is important, that is, a scheme in the form of a graph that reflects the real sequence of syntactic elements of the statement. If the author has developed his individual writing style, this will inevitably affect the originality of the graphic drawings for the structures of his typical phrases. It is in syntactic stylistics that dependence graphs as a research method will find an unlimited field of application. Eight graph parameters are proposed, the choice of which is determined by the fact that they have stylistic distinguishing power. Conclusions. To justify the applied method of statistical analysis, it can be said that in stylistics each analysis gives only what it can give; the overall research picture consists of a comprehensive review of the results of all analyses. Qualitative methods can describe what is perceived from the text through its symbolic character, but only quantitative methods can explain why the text is constructed in the way it is. Qualitative characteristics consist of precisely those quantitative characteristics that cannot be seen by the average reader, and their detection is the task of science.

Transcriptions of Musical Texts in Work with Beginning Pianists

The article examines artistic tutorial assignments for transforming the primary authorial musical text in the conditions of ensemble music-making in a piano class. Their goal is the mastery of certain skills of free music-making in the context of the dialogic structures and intonational lexis of baroque music. Examination is made of such universal techniques of artistic transformation as registering and doubling, which were widely used in the 17th and 18th centuries upon the re-exposition of the clavier musical text into various instrumental ensemble textures. The technique of application presumes turning to the timbral possibilities of the contemporary piano or the keyboard synthesizer. On the basis of the tutorial assignments, fragments of J. S. Bach’s instructive compositions are presented, most notably, the introductory pieces to cycles (the preludes, fantasies and pieces written in dance genres). Role play is applied on the basis of analysis of the semantic structures of the musical text in the storylines of I am playing the organ, There is a rehearsal of early orchestra going on, and Trio for two flutes and cello.

Creativity as a Universal Phenomenon of Existence (About Olga Zhukova’s Authorial Conception)

This article is devoted to the issue of creativity, which is perceived by the example of the monograph Tvorchestvo i religioznost' v russkoi kul'ture. Filosofskie issledovaniya [Creativity and Religiosity in Russian Culture. Philosophical Studies] (2022) written by Russian philosopher and cultural scholar Olga Zhukova. Although the philosophical and cultural analysis of the artistic process is carried out in the researcher’s work mainly based on the material of literature, the universal nature of creativity allows the author to discover the parallels between the verbal, philosophical and musical modes of discourse. Since the provisions and ideas expounded in the monograph create the precedent for discussing the current topical theoretical and methodological issues of the art of music, the purpose of the article is determined by constructing a system of argumentation that ensures the legitimacy of the following statement: creativity acts as a phenomenon of existence, determining the self-justification of the artist’s personality, whether he or she is a poet, artist or composer, or a reader, viewer and/or listener (performer). At the same time, the central task of this article is to position music as a spiritual and intellectual type of creativity, the universal forms of which are the knowledge of reality and the creation of an image of meaning, revealed in the structure of an artistic text. Relying on the experience of well-known philosophers, cultural and art historians, word artists and performing musicians, the author expresses the necessity to tune the ear of every artist to the sounding entity, the essence of which is able to be revealed with the most completeness only by music.

A Study of Modern Poetry Translation under the Perspective of Discourse Function: T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land in Multiple Translations as an Example

From the discourse function perspective of Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper compares and analyzes two Chinese translations of The Waste Land by Zhao Luorui and Zha Liangzheng (Mudan), exploring how the different translations creatively interpret and reconstruct the original text in accordance with the cultural context and aesthetic preferences of the target language. It further investigates how this reconstruction impacts and shapes the target readers' understanding and acceptance process. The study reveals that the translators' distinct orientations in translation strategies lead to significant differences in the translations regarding expressive effects and readers' experiences. Zhao's translation effectively maintains the discourse structure and linguistic style of the original text through a conservative and traditional translation approach. Conversely, Mudan's translation notably enhances the readability and acceptability of the translation with a flexible and innovative translation style. Overall, the latter translation is better suited to the aesthetic habits and cultural background of Chinese readers.

Як помічник стає героєм, і як це впливає на текст: фентезійна трилогія Р. Гобб «Асасин»

The article analyzes the central character of Robin Hobb’s «Assassin» (originally titled trilogy «Farseer») Fitz Chivalry, according to morphological and functional characteristics, is identified in the monomyth structure of a fantasy text as an assistant / a friend. Introduced by Robin Hobb as a hero, he partially retains his assistant functions, while also being realized as a hero. Among the features that are preserved, the following stand out: a dramatic background and unique superhuman abilities. He is also realized as a defender, but this function is limited: he is not a typical warrior hero, therefore, he is not fearless, he naturally fears for his life. At the same time, there are characteristics, that are not fully realized by the character in the story. The character is not included in the struggle for the throne, does not seek power, is realized mainly in the service of the others and is not the one who directly defeats Evil. These structural changes in the character naturally lead to certain changes in the artistic concept of the «Assassin» fantasy trilogy by Robin Hobb. The author of the scientific article emphasizes that there are changes in the narrative perspective (the motive of self-search is emphasized, not two in a row: self-identification and struggle for power), structure of its key motifs (the importance of the power struggle for the characters is significantly reduced), and the way the hero, who defeats Evil, is interpreted, among other things.

Parody of the “Sensitive Traveller” Type in the Russian Travelogues of the First Third of the 19th Century

This article analyses Russian travelogues of the first third of the nineteenth century, which are variations of parodies of the “Karamzin canon”. The study focuses on the “sensitive traveller” as a type of the subject of narrative characteristic of the sentimental travel of the early nineteenth century. The author refers to both popular parody texts of travelogues (for example, My Journey, or the Adventures of One Day by N. P. Brusilov and A Sensitive Journey along Nevsky Prospekt by P. L. Yakovlev) and those unknown to the wider audience. The article presents an analysis of the anonymous text A Sensitive Journey to St Petersburg of a Village Nobleman, published in two issues of the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski for 1826 which has not been carried out before. The research aims to systematise the main approaches to the study of Russian parody travelogues of the first third of the nineteenth century, determine the functions of parody on the type of “sensitive traveller”, and identify the influence of parody texts on the evolution of the travelogue genre in the historical and literary process. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that the appearance of parody travelogues was associated with the crisis of sentimentalism as a mode in the Russian historical and literary process of the nineteenth century; the main objects of parodies were the key elements of the “Karamzin canon”, “common places”, which demonstrated the inconsistency of the principles of sentimental poetics of travel. Parodies of the “sensitive traveller” type demonstrated the authors’ excessive fascination with the description of sensitivity and subjectivity of perception of the travel event, which led to a distortion of the main parameters of the narrative structure of the travelogue, a lack of fabula, and leveling of the status of the travel event. In this connection, parody travelogues began to depict “a journey without a journey”, “a journey before a journey”, “an imaginary journey”, etc. Thus, parodies of the travelogue genre and the type of “sensitive traveller” turned out to be a popular phenomenon in the Russian historical and literary process in the first third of the nineteenth century and demonstrated the need to transform the narrative structure of the travel text.

Genre differentiation of small-format texts in modern English

A number of objective conditions that have formed in the modern society are reflected in language as the tendency to reduce the volume of communicative units – texts – that are used in the process of communication. Currently, short textual formations are characteristic of all types of discourse, including those of interpersonal and institutional communication in the media, scientific, official and business environments, as well as in the context of creative writing. The relevance of studying small texts is explained by the need to identify specific ways by which the pragmatic potential of a limited number of linguistic means is most efficiently realized within a small construct, allowing the text to successfully fulfill its complex communicative goal in the process of verbal interaction. Specifics of discursive interaction of linguistic instruments within the framework of the textual structure are closely related to the genre parameters of a particular text variety, however at the moment researchers have not yet adopted a unified approach to systematizing genre variations of small texts. The purpose of this article is to work out a set of classification parameters for systemic arrangement of various small-format texts, which will potentially bring them to a single standard of description. As a result, a number of classification criteria for genre systematization are proposed including ontological, functional stylistic, quantitative, semiotic, formalization and environmental ones. Within the framework of each criterion, variants of genre implementations are singled out with the latter being supported with linguistic illustrations in the form of contemporary English small-format texts.

Significance of Negaraku as a National Symbol: A Review of National Identity Concept

The existence of national symbols plays a crucial role in reflecting the identity of a nation. The national anthem is one of the national symbol categories that are commonly used by every nation in this world. The combination of syntactic (musical) and semantic (lyrical) structure make it unique from any other national symbols. Despite of tangibility of other national symbols, the national anthem is intangible, and the lack of transient makes it stronger towards the emotional attachment. Negaraku also faces the same problem as there is a lack of understanding regarding the significance of the national anthem as a symbol of national identity. The continuous issues of contempt regarding Negaraku from 1957 until 2022 show the lack of understanding of the anthem itself as a symbol of national identity. Therefore, this paper aims to emphasize the significance of Negaraku as a symbol of national identity as a foundation of knowledge for fellow citizens about Malaysia. An integrative literature review is used to analyze the significance of Negaraku towards national identity discussion. The analysis will review various sources of relevant information from international and local references which cover books, journals, websites as well as newspaper cutting. Based on the analysis drawn it proves that Negaraku textual structures indicate a direct interpretation of national identity through historical and cultural elements in political and economic perspectives. In conclusion, the conceptual discussion through Negaraku contextual analysis can widen the social sciences area through anthemology studies in Malaysia.

KONTINUITET PROŠLOG I BUDUĆEG U TEKSTOVIMA VREMENSKE PROGNOZE

The paper deals with the linguistic analysis of weather forecast texts in Serbian dailies in order to more closely characterize, describe and list the features of this genre from the aspect of expressing time continuity from the past to the future. In the paper, first of all, linguistic means for expressing temporality are apostrophized, as well as dominant units that represent the linguistic potential for expressing the prediction of upcoming weather conditions. The paper will point out some interesting features of the organization of the linguistic and textual structure of this unexplored and interesting genre of text for linguistics through the analysis of the content of this superordinate unit.