Abstract
The article substantiates the importance of the lexical-semantic structure of a dialect text as a basis for studying the real manifestations of the semantic spontaneous speech, the dynamics of the lexical structure, the lexical background and verbal content of various texts, and factage for spatial interpretations of contextual meanings. The author proves that dialect texts are characterized as a semantic phenomenon, and this thing actualizes the question of the lexical composition and semantic structure of lexemes of this phenomenon, which has central (obligatory) units and peripheral ones, as well as qualifiers that determine the tonality of speech. The article demonstrates that memoir texts about the country's political and social events contain colloquial names of the past (collectivization - driven into collective farms; decentralization – razkuǀlac'uvan'a, hunger strike – holoǀdovka, etc.), popular assessment of these phenomena. Tests in which the origin of toponyms or microtoponyms is explained have a clear structure (toponym or microtoponym – a motivator word and an interpretive part), they are considered as a text within a text. They have signs of language play.
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