Motivational Structure Research Articles

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of bases of formation of social activity of youth

The article reveals the concepts of activity, youth, social activity. The paper notes great attention to young people, especially to the problems of young people, because youth is the most active age group, that can realize itself in all spheres of life: cultural, social, political etc. The authors notice that young people, more than other socio-demographic groups, are focused on raising their social status and on mastering new social roles. The article analyses theoretical approaches to the study of the foundations of the formation of social activity of young people: philosophical, pedagogical, psychological, and sociological. In addition, the paper notes availability of a huge number of author’s interpretations of the definition of «social activity». A common feature of the authors’ study of the phenomenon of activity is the presence of a purposeful, conscious, motivated impact of the personality on society. In addition, social activity is an integral part of the motivational structure of the individual. Based on the author’s interpretations of various scientists, the paper emphasizes the General characteristic of the definition of «social activity» – the presence of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of an individual’s social interaction with the surrounding world.

Eco-social environment of labour process as a factor of labour life quality of employees in an organization

In article conceptual problems of ecology of labour process from the point of view of quality of labour life of workers of the organization are considered. Under quality of a working life the author understands degree of satisfaction of workers of the organization with the basic components of a working life, including both average, and personal components of industrial process, including social, spiritual, moral and psychological. Improving the quality of working life determines the high corporate loyalty of employees and contributes to the competitiveness of the enterprise in the market. On the basis of empirical research of social well-being of employees of the organization and their satisfaction with working conditions and production environment, the author concludes that environmental conditions of working activity are the determining factors of quality of working life of employees and play a significant role in their motivational structure.

The contribution of the driving forces in a person to the structure of motives in males and females

The work studied the participation of the driving forces in a person, some emotional characteristics and personality qualities in the structure of motives. Hypothesis: the driving forces in a person group certain motives, emotional and personal qualities around them. Grouping is influenced by the gender of the subject. Methods: portrait election method (Lyudmila Sobchik), method of colour metaphors (Igor’ Solomin), Max Lüscher's colour test, Manifest Anxiety Scale of Janet Allison Taylor Spence, “Five-factor personality questionnaireˮ, cluster analysis. Subjects include 203 males and 156 females. It was found that the “need for recognition and approval” is combined into one group with motives of social significance. Males and females have similar motivational formations in this case, but differ in implementation in specific motives. Women have a group of “personal and interpersonal significanceˮ based on “an actualised need for personal loveˮ. There is a combination with demonstrative behaviour, with motives of personal and interpersonal significance, with an energetic attitude towards activity. Personal motives of males “dissolve” in social significance, anxiety in males is also associated with motives of social significance. “Tendency to depressive states, emotional instabilityˮ of females is combined with motives reflecting negative events and stages of life, values and needs for self-affirmation. “Excitabilityˮ with the manifestation of socialised rough affects of females is accompanied by the significance of the power motive and the figure of the father. The “tendency to demonstrative behaviourˮ of males is grouped with the influence of socially significant people, negative events and stages of life, values and needs for self-affirmation.

Psychological analysis of professional activities of heads of state authorities

The article discusses the problem of specifics of professional activities of heads of state power in modern conditions and the role of subjective psychological factors in the success of its implementation. It is noted that along with the function of "normative control", the head of power must take independent management decisions in conditions of increased social responsibility. This can give rise to intrapersonal conflict, moral and intellectual overload of the politician, which affect the effectiveness of its activities. When the hierarchical status of the manager increases, its power, freedom to exercise power, and therefore personal responsibility for making managerial decisions increase too. In this regard, the importance of subjective factors when exercising power functions of the head is increasing. The concepts “power” and “management” are analysed in the article, the characterisation of the subject exercising power is given in comparison with the “manager”, the psychological concepts of power and the compensatory nature of the need for power are highlighted. The author draws attention to the variety of studies of power motivation, the presence of various approaches to the analysis of power motives, the possibility of highlighting the instrumental and value, personality-oriented and socio-oriented components of power motivation. The importance of the existence of socially-oriented motives in the structure of motivation of heads of government bodies is emphasised, as well as the need to form a system of prosocial value orientations, which can determine the qualitative specificity and effectiveness of heads' activities. The importance of improving the personnel selection system for positions of heads of state power, taking into account value-motivating factors, is discussed.

Онлайн-обучение: новые контуры страхов и волнений студентов в условиях пандемии

The paper examines online learning as an innovative practice, the frequency of which has increased dramatically during the pandemic. This caused significant changes in students’ assessment and perception of online technologies, and also caused the formation of new fears in the context of digitalization of education. A comparative analysis of two stages of the survey of Ural Federal University students (2019, n = 150 and 2020, n = 70) made it possible to demonstrate changes in the structure of motives for refusing to use online education and in highlighting its significant shortcomings against the background of the pandemic. The main areas of growth of social fears of students in online learning are highlighted: social isolation, changes in requirements for the students themselves, the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, a decrease in health potential, etc. The main field of activity of young people – education – becomes a source of growth of social fears and anxiety.

The Creative Trait Motivation Scales

Most studies investigating the effects of motivation on creativity have employed a social-psychological approach and used a dichotomous conceptualization of motivation (i.e., intrinsic and extrinsic). However, trait motivation may exist on a continuum and, although individual differences in motivation have also been found to predict creativity, no scales exist to directly assess creative trait motivation. The current report describes two studies examining the factor structure and psychometric properties of the creative trait motivation (CTM) scales. In the first study, participants (N = 580) completed three domain-specific scales (art, everyday, and science) and a well-established measure of creative self-perception. All three CTM scales demonstrated a similar factor structure, strong internal consistency for each of the factors, and evidence for construct validity. In the second study, the factor structures of the three scales were replicated employing a different sample (N = 597). The scales continued to demonstrate strong internal consistency and additional evidence for construct validity was provided, using well-established scales of both creativity and trait motivation. Together, the studies demonstrate that the domain-specific CTM scales are valuable tools for assessing creative trait motivation.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF STUFF MOTIVATION IN ETITIES

The article considers the formation of an effective system of labor motivation in the context of ensuring a high level of economic development of the enterprise. The organizational and economic mechanism of the process of personnel work motivation for enterprises has been developed. The methodological bases of the development of organizational and economic mechanism of personnel motivation are grounded on the basis of the methodology of determination of models of work motivation of employees with individual definition. The process of functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of the process of motivation of the personnel of the enterprise is presented, taking into account the subject and object of management of the system and criteria of performance evaluation. Recommendations on the implementation of organizational and economic mechanism of staff motivation were developed. The article describes a sequence of stages of a universal algorithm for evaluation and development of the process of motivation of the personnel of the enterprise a deep and comprehensive study, preparation and implementation of changes in the enterprise to increase its importance in the market. It is important for any mechanism to take into account the influence of the external and internal environment, and as a result of changing tasks and methods of work, there is a need to transform the structure of motivation of staff work in the enterprise. In this case, it is a constant process of determining the best organizational structure that facilitates the coordination of actions of individual units of enterprises, their information, rational distribution of tasks, responsibilities and powers. During the forming of the mechanism of the process of motivation, a commonly used classification of methods of motivation is taken into account. It has already been proven that an individual approach to motivation increases the productivity of each employee individually and the productivity of the enterprise as a whole.

Effective implementation of a food safety management system and its relationship with business motivations

PurposeA food safety management system (FSMS) is a dynamic resource with the potential to generate competitive advantages, whose implementation may be certified according to internationally recognised standards such as the Brand Reputation Compliance Global Standards (BRCGS). This research sets out to discover why companies implement these systems and the influence each one of them exerts.Design/methodology/approachData have been gathered via a questionnaire administered in Spanish-speaking countries on both sides of the Atlantic, compiling a sample of 574 companies certified to BRCGS. The hypotheses formulated were verified by structural equation modelling.FindingsThe analysis reveals a four-dimensional motivational structure (ethics, efficiency, commercial and legitimacy) and three dimensions for the implementation of the FSMS (food safety management, analysis of hazards and control points and best practices). Motivations of an ethical and commercial nature have a positive effect on the degree of effective implementation, while those based on the search for legitimacy reveal a negative relationship.Originality/valueWhile most of the studies on the implementation of management systems are based on a dichotomous measurement of this process (companies with a management system compared to those without one, or companies certified according to a standard compared to those that are not), this study uses a continuous variable of the degree of effective implementation of the system's different dimensions or components. Little has so far been reported about why companies implement an FSMS, and here we not only identify their reasons but also assess those dimensions with the greatest impact.

COMPARATIVE CATEGORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE THEORY OF INTEGRITY OF ORGANIZATIONS

The article is devoted to the definition of fundamental differences between the category "integrity of the social and labor structure", as a basis in the theory of the integrity of organizations, from synonymous categories of other scientific fields. To study the essence of the category "integrity of social and labor structures of the enterprise" the article focuses on three key theories that define various aspects of integrity: the theory of organization, the theory of social exchange and the theory of social capital. The following concepts of integrity of social and labor structures of the enterprise are offered: the concept of balance of structure of motivation; the concept of synergy of social interaction; the concept of coordination of social and labor interests of participants of organizational interaction; the concept of the integrity of social and labor structures. The managerial results of application of concepts of integrity of social and labor structures of the enterprises are defined. The fundamental differences between the concepts of "social cohesion", "national consolidation", "social solidarity", "integrity of social and labor structures" are determined.

МОТИВАЦІЯ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ГЕОГРАФІЇ ДО НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article presents a research of motives for choosing a profession and motives for educational activities of future teachers of geography. An anonymous survey was conducted among second- and fourth-year students majoring in Secondary Education (Geography) to determine the motives for choosing a profession. Summary data indicate, that the choice of profession of students was influenced by social motives, which are based on the importance of the graduate to get a higher education and preferably at the expense of the state. Fourth-year students have a positive inner motive, which is based on the fact that they like the profession and they made the right choice. In the structure of motives of the educational activities of second-year students prevail external factors, which are determined by the desire to receive positive grades for exams and as a result have a diploma of higher education. Fourth- year students note the importance of obtaining in-depth professional knowledge and the opportunity to become a highly qualified specialist, characterized by intrinsic motivation to study. Increasing students' motivation for learning activities is possible with taking into account the following factors: introduction of innovative teaching methods in the educational process of training future teachers of geography, which stimulate students' cognitive activity and ensure the application of theoretical knowledge in specific practical situations; ensuring the right to academic mobility by involving students in research, international internships, etc.; formation of interest in future professional activity through the use of various forms of education; activation of independent work of students during the implementation of research tasks that are closely related to future professional activities; conducting a systematic survey among students on the quality of education, taking into account student suggestions for improving the educational process; involvement of students in scientific circles, preparation of publications for participation in domestic and foreign conferences; conducting regular meetings with teachers-practitioners, teachers-innovators to increase the status of the chosen profession and understanding its tasks; conducting psychological trainings on the ability to restore their psycho-emotional state, control emotions, be tolerant, prevent conflict situations.

Evaluating Stable and Situational Expressions of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder: A Multimethod Experience Sampling Case Study

Passive-aggressive (PA) personality traits have received increasing attention in the research literature and are known to interfere with treatment engagement and recovery. Theoretical disagreements about PA, combined with its omission from the DSM-5, have left open many questions regarding its dynamic structure and temporal stability. Our goal in the present case study was to use a multimethod, experience sampling assessment framework for a single research subject enrolled in long-term residential treatment who exhibited significant PA traits to provide a complex portrait of daily interpersonal behaviors and experiences across a range of contexts. We review data gathered over a year of residential treatment to identify changes in self and interpersonal functioning and to deepen our understanding of the dynamic motivational structure of PA over time. Our findings expand understanding of both PA dynamics and provide support for integrating multimethod assessment into routine clinical practice.

MANAGEMENT OF STAFF MOTIVATION AT A TRADE ENTERPRISE

The main characteristics of the structure of motivation of employees of a trade organization are revealed. Difficulties of maintaining high motivation of lower-level workers are outlined. The influence of working conditions is considered, in particular, such a factor as the need for constant interaction with clients in the "person-to-person" system. The approaches developed both within the framework of the sociological paradigm and within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach are presented as a theoretical basis. Labor motivation is considered as the most important factor in a person's activity in an organization, ensuring the proper level of his interest and efforts, a guarantor of the stability of these actions. The authors substantiate the urgency of expanding the methods of non-material incentives as secondary, but important for regulating the activities of employees. The importance of an integrated approach to building a personnel motivation system is indicated. The results of an empirical study of the social and labor attitudes of employees of a trade organization are presented. Employees are primarily focused on high wages and professional and career growth. At the same time, the conditions of work are important, starting with a favorable psychological climate in the team and finishing with material and technical support. Measures of additional incentives within the framework of the “social package”, such as, for example, medical insurance, gym membership, are not in great demand. There is a relatively low level of loyalty to the organization. In general, the instrumental type of labor installation dominates. The development of a system of labor incentives in an organization presupposes a number of organizational-informational, organizational-managerial and regulatory measures.

Socio-Psychological Directions of Resocialization of Persons, Who are Located in Places of Imprisonment

The psycho-pedagogical and social rehabilitation of individuals before dismissal from the places of imprisonment is currently relevant, as it is a qualitative return to normal life that becomes an acute problem for people who are preparing to leave the places of imprisonment. The purpose of the article is to analyze the pilot psychological and pedagogical research of persons who are in places of imprisonment. For introduction of the developed social-pedagogical directions of resocialization of persons who are in the places of detention or getting ready to leave these places, the diagnostics of psychological characteristics which will become key signs of efficiency of the applied directions became relevant, namely: orientation to changing of the social environment; social-pedagogical therapy; professional orientation during teaching and educational process. Diagnostics of structure of intelligence, educational motivation, nonverbal creativity and level of self-assessment of persons who are in places of detention is performed. The analysis of results of motives of educational activity allows saying that educational activity of respondents is defined by motivation on achievement, cognitive motivation, and by motive of external stimulation. The highest indicator of the index of uniqueness that characterizes nonverbal creativity is met at most of respondents. The self-assured personality is guided by development of the his/her potential, he/she subordinates the existence to achievement of a condition of integrity, integration, spontaneity, humour, openness of experience. Creative, motivated, intelligently flexible and self-assured personality can achieve the objectives, far from creativity, for the sake of prospects in his/her life. He/she can be attracted to the activity necessary from some reasons, important for him/her, as, for example, participation of creative people in technical activity, in organizational work, for explanation of his/her purposes for other people.

Motivational structure of female and male dancers of different dance disciplines

Background: Success in the sport of dance is determined not only by physical and aesthetics factors but also with psychological preparation, where motivation is one of the most important dimensions. In motivated dance performances, athletes try harder than usual, put more attention on their sport and everything connected with it, choose to have longer trainings and compete better. Objective: The aim of our study was to explore the motivation structure of female and male dancers from four different dance disciplines (Latin American and ballroom, acrobatic rock'n'roll, modern-jazz, ballet) to determine the role of efficiency-oriented and competitive motivation on practice and results. Methods: A questionnaire of competitive motives was used to determine the motivational scale of motives of individual subjects. A total of 110 top female and male dancers were compared by gender and dance discipline with a two-way analysis of variance according to their motivation. Factor analysis was used to determine the latent factors of their motivation so as to more precisely explain what drives a dancer, since a large number of explicit variables is more clearly presented through its latent structure. Results: Females pay more attention to the motives of self-control, emotional relaxation, self-awareness, and to socially-oriented motives. Male dancers have significantly less negative competitive motivation. Sport dancers (Latin American and ballroom, rock'n'roll) have a bigger need for self-respect. Social needs are the most important for the Latin American and ballroom dancers, the motive for self-actualization is a priority of both modern-jazz dancers and sport dancers, the possibilities of self-control are very important for modern-jazz and ballet dancers. Conclusions: We found that male dancers tend to be dominating and leading with a strong power motive, while female dancers are more focused on motives like emotional relaxation, self-control and social understanding.

THE PROBLEM OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL MOTIVATION OF FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE TRAINING PROCESS

The article considers theoretical approaches to the study of motivation during the training of future psychologists in higher education, the structure of professional motivation for learning. Emphasis is placed on the complexity of mastering the profession of a practical psychologist, which includes in addition to the acquisition of knowledge, practical skills and abilities, the implementation of important work on the formation of one's own personality.The effectiveness of professional training of future psychologists directly depends on the degree of formation of their values to future professional activities. After all, the training of the future profession is more productive in the presence of strong, bright motives that arouse the desire to actively engage in this activity.Values of professional activity - an integrated quality of personality, based on professional and moral self-awareness, the importance of which encourages activity in mastering professional knowledge, skills and abilities.The appropriate level of professional training of the future psychologist is possible only under the condition of development and self-realization of his personality, activation of educational and cognitive activity of students-psychologists.The problem of formation of professional motivation of the future psychologist during training in an institution of higher education is experimentally investigated.

Exploring multi-level motivations towards green design practices: A system dynamics approach

Green building construction is essential to meet severe environmental challenges and achieve sustainability, where designers’ practices are crucial to improve the green performance of construction projects. However, multi-level motivations in green design, such as institutional, market, organizational, and individual initiatives, have not been explored in detail. The dynamic interactions of multiple motivations are rarely examined. The present research reports a systematic and dynamic perspective and investigates how multi-level motivations and their interactions act on designers’ green practices. Multi-level motivations towards green design practices are firstly identified through literature analyses and expert interviews. A system dynamics model characterizing the causal structure of a design assessment system is next developed. It involves interrelationships among the organizational, individual, market, and institutional components influencing designers’ green practices. After model validation to ensure credible output, model simulation is conducted to predict behavioral patterns of the model. Monte Carlo simulation is further used to assess the robustness of the model and understand the effects of changes in input parameters on output. The results show that multi-level motivations interact dynamically and have intricate influences on designers’ green practices. The findings indicate the significant role of government policy in encouraging green practices. It is noted that more policy stimuli may not bring more cost-efficient green outcomes. Besides, the development trends of designers’ green practices are relatively consistent with that of green techniques instead of owners’ requirements. This study suggests that the dynamic interactions of multi-level motivations and intricate effects of motivations are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of complex green design practices. Furthermore, a combination of policy considering hybrid effects turns out to be more effective to reinforce green design practices. A 10% synchronous improvement in green policy implementation, organizational strategy, and designers’ ability could enhance designers’ green practices by 40% compared with the base run. The present research contributes to (a) the state of knowledge by offering a systematic and dynamic view to accurately build the dynamic dependent structure of multiple green motivations and enable the thorough assessment of green design and (b) the state of practice by providing guidelines of joint efforts and systems thinking for sustainable development under complex and dynamic conditions.

The Structuration of Identification on Organizational Members’ Social Media

The structurational model of identification is applied to test structures that may lead to sharing organizational membership on social media and increased organizational identification. We propose and test how antecedents (e.g., social media use, organizational prestige) relate to acts of identification on social media and promote organizational identification. United States working adults ( N = 303) responded to an online survey about hypothesized motivational structures, online disclosures of organizational affiliation, and organizational identification. Results show three specific structures significantly predicted one’s willingness to share her or his organizational affiliation across social media: personae overlap, social media use, and organizational prestige. Commitment and turnover intentions were, surprisingly, not direct predictors of organizational affiliation disclosure. Implications for individuals, organizations, and both organizational and computer-mediated theory are presented.

The research of spiritual and moral life students’ value of classical and pedagogical higher educational institutions, as the implementation of the health system content for the security educational environment

The analysis of a human personality spirituality was analyzed in the article. The peculiarities of the formation of the spirituality in the student’s age as the basis for the formation of the spirituality, an integral part of the harmonious life of the younger generation in modern society, are presented for revealing new possibilities of the perception of the surrounding world. The need to focus attention on this issue arises because a young person, under the influence of negative factors of life, is increasingly losing the ability to maintain himself in a natural state, control his emotions, receive joy and enjoyment from his own life. Pedagogical thought also reveals the idea of the spiritual component of human health. One can consider that the spiritual component of health is the basis of human health, which shows self-perfection and spiritual development of the individual, which manifests itself in the understanding of the nature of the environment, to acquire a unique property of choosing their own faith. The study reveals the peculiarities of the educational effect of a conversation and narrative on the themes of the spiritual aspects of human development, emphasizes the importance of moral education of youth in the process of becoming a person for spiritual self- realization. The ways of forming the harmonious personality of students in the process of higher education are considered for revealing creative instincts and realization of life potential in the future. The results of the conducted morphological test of vital values, which defines the motivational and value structure of the person, are used to diagnose the basic human values of life. The test points out the values of students’ living values, reflecting the moral and business orientation of the personality of a young person, namely: spiritual satisfaction, self-evelopment, creativity, the value of active social contacts. It is noted that the study was attended by the students of two higher educational institutions - classical and pedagogical.

Motivações para o prolongamento da amamentação

Resumo Objetivo explicar a estrutura motivacional que acompanha a decisao das maes que amamentam por mais de dois anos. Metodos estudo qualitativo em mulheres de zonas urbanas e rurais, entre e 20 e 44 anos de idade, nas comunas de Temuco e Padre Las Casas, Chile. A tecnica empregada para coleta de dados foi a de entrevista em profundidade. O metodo indutivo de analise, baseado na Teoria Fundamentada em Dados ( Grounded Theory ), possibilitou um processo comparativo constante ate alcancar a saturacao teorica dos dados e as tres etapas de codificacao: aberta, axial e seletiva. Resultados oito mulheres concordaram em participar. Foram identificadas quatro dimensoes: experiencia de vida, autoanalise materna, estimulos da propria mae e do filho e estimulos sociais e culturais, que estao subjacentes a estrutura motivacional que acompanha a decisao das maes de continuarem amamentando por mais de dois anos. Na infância, as motivacoes sao principalmente intrinsecas (cultura familiar da amamentacao). Na idade adulta, ha motivacoes intrinsecas (sentimentos maternos, estimulos internos da mae) e motivacoes transcendentes (estimulos da crianca), que sao reforcadas por estimulos originarios do meio social e cultural (ambiente familiar). Conclusao para as mulheres, a infância e o periodo motivacional por excelencia para integrar a amamentacao como a melhor opcao para alimentar seus filhos. Na idade adulta, a motivacao transcendente se consolida no primeiro estagio da educacao dos filhos e proporciona maior qualidade motivacional ao prolongamento do aleitamento materno. As politicas publicas devem focar suas acoes nessas etapas da vida da mulher para melhorar os indicadores de amamentacao.

What Triggers Us to Be Involved in Martial Arts? Relationships between Motivations and Gender, Age and Training Experience

The study aims to recognize the motivations to engage in judo depending on gender, age and level of sports experience among nonelite judokas from the Greater Poland region because previous studies mostly concerned the motivations of top athletes. We supposed that there was a relationship between age, gender, level of sports experience and motivations in judo. During the diagnostic survey, judokas completed the Polish version of the Sport Motivation Scale. In order to determine the motivational profiles of judokas, cluster analysis was performed using the k-means method. The highest values were obtained for motivations related to the intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation and the intrinsic motivation to accomplish, while the lowest values were obtained for motivations related to amotivation and external regulation. The research results showed a relationship between experience in judo training and the motivations of judokas; however, the motivations of the judokas were not differentiated based on their gender or age. In our study, the intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation turned out to be more important for judokas participating in competitions, while recreational athletes more often indicated experiencing amotivation. The intrinsic motivation to accomplish and intrinsic motivation to know turned out to be more important for athletes in training for more than 10 years, while amotivation was more often indicated to be experienced by judokas practicing judo for less than 10 years. Respondents who reported high internal motivation values and had a motivational structure they shaped themselves had been training for longer—for more than 10 years. In our study, the three motivational groups of judokas were identified, and we found that judo experience differentiated belonging to groups. It is recommended to check other martial arts and check more variables in the future, e.g., marital status, which is a potentially important factor in the field of sport motivation.