Abstract
Background: Success in the sport of dance is determined not only by physical and aesthetics factors but also with psychological preparation, where motivation is one of the most important dimensions. In motivated dance performances, athletes try harder than usual, put more attention on their sport and everything connected with it, choose to have longer trainings and compete better. Objective: The aim of our study was to explore the motivation structure of female and male dancers from four different dance disciplines (Latin American and ballroom, acrobatic rock'n'roll, modern-jazz, ballet) to determine the role of efficiency-oriented and competitive motivation on practice and results. Methods: A questionnaire of competitive motives was used to determine the motivational scale of motives of individual subjects. A total of 110 top female and male dancers were compared by gender and dance discipline with a two-way analysis of variance according to their motivation. Factor analysis was used to determine the latent factors of their motivation so as to more precisely explain what drives a dancer, since a large number of explicit variables is more clearly presented through its latent structure. Results: Females pay more attention to the motives of self-control, emotional relaxation, self-awareness, and to socially-oriented motives. Male dancers have significantly less negative competitive motivation. Sport dancers (Latin American and ballroom, rock'n'roll) have a bigger need for self-respect. Social needs are the most important for the Latin American and ballroom dancers, the motive for self-actualization is a priority of both modern-jazz dancers and sport dancers, the possibilities of self-control are very important for modern-jazz and ballet dancers. Conclusions: We found that male dancers tend to be dominating and leading with a strong power motive, while female dancers are more focused on motives like emotional relaxation, self-control and social understanding.
Highlights
Sport dancing in Slovenia has a long-standing tradition
Sport dancers have to be physically well prepared to achieve the status of a top dancer, achieve harmony in movement, precision, synchronisation with music
The four-group sample consisted of 110 individuals: 29 Latin American and ballroom dancers (14 females, 15 males; age 18.6 ± 5.2 years), 31 acrobatic rock-and-roll dancers (15 females, 16 males; age 19.6 ± 6.2 years), 25 modern-jazz dancers (15 females, 10 males; age 20.5 ± 4.3 years) and 25 ballet dancers (15 females, 10 males; age 18.9 ± 2.8 years)
Summary
Sport dancing in Slovenia has a long-standing tradition. Dancers have many great international successes in sport dancing competitions. Success in the sport of dance is determined by physical and aesthetics factors and with psychological preparation, where motivation is one of the most important dimensions. Athletes try harder than usual, put more attention on their sport and everything connected with it, choose to have longer trainings and compete better. Objective: The aim of our study was to explore the motivation structure of female and male dancers from four different dance disciplines (Latin American and ballroom, acrobatic rock’n’roll, modern-jazz, ballet) to determine the role of efficiency-oriented and competitive motivation on practice and results. Results: Females pay more attention to the motives of self-control, emotional relaxation, self-awareness, and to socially-oriented motives. Conclusions: We found that male dancers tend to be dominating and leading with a strong power motive, while female dancers are more focused on motives like emotional relaxation, self-control and social understanding
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