Transformation Of Structures Research Articles

Partial substitution induced structural transformation and enhanced nonlinear optical properties of Na2GaxIn6-xSe10 (x = 3, 3.76)

Chalcogenides are the most promising candidates for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications in the middle infrared region due to their high nonlinear coefficients and wide IR transmission ranges. In particular, polar tetrahedral units are one type of typical functional motifs contribute large NLO coefficients. Based on this background, two quaternary selenides Na2Ga3In3Se10 (1) and Na2Ga3.76In2.24Se10 (2) were derived using NaIn3Se5 as parent. By partial congener substitution of In with Ga, the structure transforms from P32 for NaIn3Se5 to R32 for 1 and 2. Their 3D structures are constructed by InSe4 and GaSe4 tetrahedra, and Na+ ions occupy the octahedral cavities. Both of them exhibit wonderful hybrid NLO properties, witnessed by their large phase-matchable second harmonic generation responses of 1.5 (1) and 1.1 (2) × AgGaS2 (AGS), and enhanced laser-induced damage thresholds of 2.0 (1) and 2.8 (2) × AGS. The results of first-principle calculations show that their band gaps are mainly determined by the valence orbitals of Ga and Se, with a minor contribution from In. The simple design strategy adopted in this work can stimulate more research on various known materials, which will provide useful inspiration for further exploration of high-performance NLO materials. Besides, the successful discovery of 1 and 2 will stimulate more interest in the undeveloped A-MШ3-Q5 or A2-MШ6-Q10 (A = alkali metal; MШ = Ga, In; Q = S, Se, Te) family and their derivatives in the NLO field.

Spiritual Security in the Conditions of Modern Cultural and Civilizational Development

The article reveals some possibilities for conceptualizing such a concept as spiritual security. At the same time, the author proceeds from the position that the political context of understanding spiritual security prevails in modern scientific discourse, but it clearly cannot be considered complete or sufficient. That is why the identification of spiritual security from the point of view of the cultural-philosophical approach provides the greatest heuristic potential for understanding spiritual security. Thus, the subject of the study is spiritual security within the boundaries of cultural and civilizational development. The emphasis is not on the genesis of the development of civilization and culture, but on their conjugacy in modern conditions. The main conclusions of this article are the following key provisions: 1) understanding the conjugacy of civilization and culture within the framework of the cultural-philosophical approach significantly increases the possibilities of conceptualizing these phenomena; 2) the study of spiritual security should be conducted through the prism of the correlation of this phenomenon with the levels of development of civilizations and cultures; 3) the absolute advantage of scientific understanding of spiritual security becomes a value-semantic perspective that allows overcoming the traditionally existing socio-political a vector in understanding spiritual security. The advantage of the proposed aspect is the orientation to the data of large-scale empirical studies devoted to the transformations of the value structures of human existence.

Charge-Induced Structure Variations of 1D-Iodine Inside Thin SWCNTs

We present results on the charge-induced transformation of linear 1D-iodine structures encapsulated inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a diameter of about 1 nm. A supercapacitor-type electrochemical cell was developed for the controlled charging of iodide-filled nanotube electrodes. In situ Raman study confirms the change of anion types that are composed of the one-dimensional iodine structures formed inside the SWCNTs. Electronic doping of the iodine@SWCNT system leads to rapid growth of the Raman mode of I3– anions and suppression of the mode of the lower-charged I5– anions. On the other hand, doping with holes leads to a gradual suppression of the I3– mode and then the I5– mode. UV–visible in situ measurements confirm iodine@SWCNT doping.

Structural competency, Latin American social medicine, and collective health: Exploring shared lessons through the work of Jaime Breilh

ABSTRACT Structural competency is a recent framework for understanding and addressing the structural drivers of disease. Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health is a decades-long movement similarly concerned with the study and transformation of social structures to achieve health equity. In this paper, we put insights from Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health into conversation with the developing structural competency framework. We focus specifically on insights from Jaime Breilh’s new article summarising his theoretical work on medical ethics and rights in this special issue and his new book, Critical Epidemiology and the People’s Health. This paper is comprised of three parts. Part 1 provides an introduction to the structural competency framework. Part 2 provides an overview of the Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health movement, along with a summary of the social determination of health paradigm. Part 3 places insights from these works into conversation with structural competency and considers ways in which Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health might inform the further development of structural competency, and potentially vice versa. The paper closes by calling for greater attention to Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health among those committed to health equity within the anglophone world.

NEOSTRUCTURAL ZONING OF THE RUSSIAN PART OF THE GREATER CAUCASUS MEGAVAULT, THE CENTRAL SEGMENT (ADVANCED STUDIES FOR ENGINEERING SURVEY)

Detailed neostructural zoning with typification of tectonic structures should be performed before engineering surveys on the territory of the newest orogens or their large parts. A medium-scale neostructural zoning of the central segment of the Greater Caucasus megavault was carried out. It showed a significantly complex structure of the previously distinguished regional neotectonic bodies. The neotectonic structural plan is less differentiated in the north and east of the segment and it is more differentiated in the southern and western parts. A significant transformation of all local structures and regional suture zones is shown. It is connected with the fact that the newest structures are produced by orogenic uplift, and the older ones were formed under the conditions of horizontal compression. The results of neotectonic zoning are used in engineering, hydrogeological and geoecological surveys for construction design. They are important for paleoecological research, for example, in the study of archaeological sites.

Applications of Graphene Materials in Lithium-ion Batteries

In recent years, the escalating global energy crisis and the ever-increasing concern over environmental pollution have stimulated extensive research efforts towards exploring new green energy sources and accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional energy structures. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), known for their exceptional properties including high energy density, excellent discharge performance, long lifespan, non-toxicity, and environmental friendliness, have been regarded as the backbone of new energy systems. Additionally, graphene, a two-dimensional novel nanomaterial, has recently gained attention as a kind of electrode material exhibiting great promise for utilization in LIBs due to exceptional performance attributes. Notably, significant evidence from current studies has revealed that the integration of graphene into LIBs leads to a substantial improvement in their electrochemical performance. However, advancements in the performance during cycling and the capacity for charging of LIBs remain imperative. Therefore, the investigation of materials based on graphene for enhancing the performance of LIBs holds substantial importance. This paper has various aspects related to the utilization of graphene and graphene-based composites materials in electrodes in LIBs. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on the current literature and recent progress in the respective field, including the modification of composites formed by integrating metal oxides with graphene, the usage of graphene as a conductive agent, etc. Furthermore, this paper provides an outlook on the future enhancements and developments concerning the utilization of graphene in LIBs. The findings and analyses presented in this study hope to contribute novel insights for researchers and encourage the development of LIBs with larger capacity and longerlasting operational capabilities.

Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) of the ruined and damaged architectural heritage in Upper Kama Region (Russia)

Building Information Modeling is a tool for the disappearing architectural heritage and environment recreation in 3D virtual reality. The article presents the information modeling experience of ruined and damaged architectural heritage, located in theUpper Kama region in the north Perm Kray (Russia) . The Scan to HBIM technology applied for modeling: information modeling based on laser scanning and a photogrammetric survey. The challenges of the work process are specified. Using the collected data (archival documents and engineering survey results), the parameters of each building's elements are supplemented with information about the history, damage, transformation, and condition of structures and architectural elements. Historic photographs helped to restore the buildings' 3D appearance. Archival descriptions provide the colour and coating materials' characteristics. Full-fledged virtual copies of ruined Orthodox churches of the Upper Kama region were created. The article proposes further work using obtained 3D-information models, including gamification, and virtual and augmented reality.Keywords: Architectural Heritage; Heritage Building Information Modeling; Laser scanning; Virtual reconstruction.

Prediction of Defects in the Structure of Non-Metallic Heterogeneous Materials

Heterogeneous media can be represented as specially organized heterogeneous materials. The complex process of forming heterogeneous materials and media as systems is realized by gradually transitioning from one state to another. The presence of many one-time transformations of space-time structures causes the latter. When simulating damage such as cracks and fractures in products made of non-metallic heterogeneous materials, which consists of “assigning” the place of damage to the product at a specific moment in time, neither the method of random selection from the previously compiled list of “dangerous” places, nor the method of transfer to the object can be used, which is modeled, the results of field and operational tests of other products of a similar class or even other products of the same class. Therefore, it is proposed to use a combined method of obtaining a stream of quasi-random numbers, that is, a stream of random numbers that are “modulated” by information about defects in the structure of the material of the product, which was obtained because of field tests of the products or during their operation.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ВИДАВНИЧО-ПОЛІГРАФІЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

The currently relevant focus of economically developed countries on the development of the digital economy and COVID-19, which practically demonstrated the benefits of the widespread use of digital technologies for business and consumers, had a significant impact on Ukraine as well, in particular in terms of the need to overcome the "technological gap". In the recent past, the publishing and printing industry was focused on meeting the informational needs of consumers through the mass reproduction of book, magazine, and newspaper products. Digitization of the economy changes the operating conditions of publishing structures and printing enterprises, which requires careful study for the preservation and development of the national producer, whose products fill the information space and serve as a component of the goods of the processing industry (labels, packaging, etc.). The purpose of the study was to characterize the transformational processes that take place in the conditions of publishing structures and printing enterprises, in particular, in the conditions of increasing the share of the digital component in the structure of the national economy. To form an outline of the content of transformational processes in the activities of enterprises in the publishing and printing industry, the following methods were used: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of changes in the main parameters of the functioning of publishing structures and printing enterprises; synthesis and analysis – to characterize changes in demand for certain types of products of enterprises in the publishing and printing industry; morphological analysis – to clarify the content of the digital transformation of publishing structures and printing enterprises; graphic – for visual representation of theoretical and methodical material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and research conclusions. Adaptation requires the creation of an information base, based not only on tracking trends in the activities of publishing structures and printing enterprises, but also taking into account world practice and changes in consumer requests. The content of transformational processes within the publishing and printing industry is outlined, based on official statistical data and the opinion of experts, which made it possible to form a holistic view and a basis for the development of tactical and strategic decisions in the management and security of each enterprise. Obstacles hindering the digital transformation of printing enterprises and publishing structures are highlighted separately, which should become the object of attention of security service employees.

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for deciphering the morphological evolution of supramolecular self-assembly.

The properties and functions of non-covalent interaction-driven fluorescent supramolecular self-assembly depend greatly on their evolution dynamics. Electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy have been used to elucidate the formation of molecular self-assembly. However, some pertinent issues, such as the drying or freezing of the sample for electron microscopy, the influence of the interactions between the tip and the sample in atomic force microscopy imaging, and the low spatial resolution of confocal laser scanning microscopy images, often impede the real-time analysis and exploration of the dynamics of molecular self-assembly processes. In this context, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy have recently been explored to unravel the physical picture of the in situ growth dynamics and stimuli-induced morphological transformation of luminescent self-assembled structures. The current highlight article demonstrates the need for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to acquire precise information on the dynamics and morphological evolution of fluorescent self-assembled architectures using a few remarkable recent studies. In addition to the current status and challenges, the future directions for the further exploration of dynamic self-assembly processes towards developing next-generation functional materials have been delineated.

Formation, Reality, and Prospects of the Society of Benefits and Privileges

This review analyzes the book Rental Society: In the Shadow of Labor, Capital, and Democracy. The book’s authors consider factors and conditions for the transition from a social state and a society of mass labor to a rental type of society. The main reasons for this transformation are the depletion of resources on a global scale and the replacement of humans by machines, which entails the growth of social groups living off various forms of rent (benefits, unconditional basic income, additional payments, etc.). Meanwhile, fewer and fewer people are involved in the production of wealth. Under these conditions, the only active political subject becomes a non-democratic and non-egalitarian state, which distributes rents to various social groups. Simultaneously with the transformation of economic, political, and social structures, the content of moral consciousness also changes during the transition from a labor society to a rent society. There is a transition from labor morality to rent-parasitic morality, which, in view of the objective conditions for the existence of the rent majority, is internalized and gradually becomes a new moral norm. Two possible scenarios for the further development of the rental society are discussed. The positive scenario is a formation of a new type of economy due to the development of science, personality, new socialization forms. Negative scenario is associated with the deepening and globalization of rent processes, leading to “neoliberal feudalism,” to a society without mass labor and economic growth but with a hierarchy of class-rent groups, between which the state distributes rents and privileges using non-economic methods. In addition, the article shows significant shortcomings of the reviewed research: inconsistent understanding of the concept of rent, overly broad understanding of the subjects of rental processes, unjustified extrapolation of rent relations to the whole history of mankind (so called rent presentism).

REGIONAL DIMENSION OF CHANGES IN BULGARIAN AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE

Agriculture is an important sector in Bulgaria, especially in the rural areas where it is considered an important source of income and employment. Bulgarian agriculture has changed substantially over the past ten years, which has led to a transformation in production, farm, organizational and sectorial structures. The aim of the paper is to observe the regional differences in Bulgarian farm structure and outline main prospects for the next programming period, 2023-2027. The survey reveals a significant decline in the number of holdings in parallel with the decreased role of small farms. By contrast, the importance of large holdings is increasing. There are different patterns of agricultural transformation in the regions of Bulgaria. While large extensive producers dominate North Bulgaria, there is more balanced agricultural development in the South part of the country. The new CAP 2023-2027 is directed to more ambitious objectives related to climate, innovations and convergence. The subsidiarity principles could help Bulgaria to overcome some of these challenges if the agricultural policy is better targeted and oriented towards intensive sectors and more balanced and sustainable rural development.

Social Movements as Carriers of CST: The Challenges of Gender Justice

Catholic social teaching frames a practical, political tradition, historically embodied and directed toward the dignity of the person, solidarity, and the common good as essential to social justice. It aims not only to convert the Church but to be an agent of change in societies globally. Yet despite over 130 years of condemnations by CST of violence, exploitation, and other forms of social injustice, scourges like poverty, war, racism, and sexism still blight human existence. The work of the Belgian theologian Johan Verstraeten offers resources for a view of social movements as agents of the transformation of social institutions and structures. Social movements can provoke and enhance the formation of justice as an institutional virtue, disposing institutions to better foster solidarity and the common good.

Concentration-dependent effect of Nickel ions on amyloid fibril formation kinetics of hen egg white lysozyme: A Raman spectroscopy study

Nickel, an important transition metal element, is one of the trace elements for human body and has a crucial impact on life and health. Some evidences show the excess exposure to metal ions might be associated with neurological diseases. Herein, we applied Raman spectroscopy to study the Ni(II) ion effect on kinetics of amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in thermal and acidic conditions. Using the well-known Raman indicators for protein tertiary and secondary structures, we monitored and analyzed the concentration effect of Ni(II) ions on the unfolding of tertiary structures and the transformation of secondary structures. The experimental evidence validates the accelerator role of the metal ion in the kinetics. Notably, the additional analysis of the amide I band profile, combined with thioflavin-T fluorescence assays, clearly indicates the inhibitory effect of Ni(II) ions on the formation of amyloid fibrils with organized β-sheets structures. Instead, a more significant promotion influence is affirmed on the assembly into other aggregates with disordered structures. The present results provide rich information about the specific metal-mediated protein fibrillation.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A VECTOR OF THE DIRECTION OF E-GENERATION OF THE COUNTRY

In the modern post-industrial society, information is gaining more and more importance and the properties of a strategic resource, becoming a decisive factor in modern political and economic development. Today, the information product is the basis of increasing the production of material goods and one of the determining factors of the democratic transformation of management. The informational role in the preparation and adoption of highly effective decisions makes high demands on its quality in the process of forming the information technology system in public administration. Over the past two decades, information and communication technologies (ICT) have contributed to a dramatic transformation of society, culture, and the economy. The world has witnessed changes brought about by the rapid advancement of technologies in the ICT ecosystem such as social media, big data and the Internet. Mobile technology and broadband access are already widespread in developed countries and are now expanding rapidly in developing and emerging markets. Social media has significantly affected the way people interact with each other and with their governments. Open government data and cloud computing combined with increased mobile consumption have further enriched economic systems. The article reveals the place and role of information and communication technologies in the conditions of transformation of state administration and the business community. The role of information and communication technologies as an authoritative and significant factor at the state level is explained. It has been confirmed theoretically and from a practical point of view that information and communication networks and systems are an independent environment in which the latest business processes and economic principles on the issues of effective state management, affecting all sections of society, are generated. For the successful implementation of projects and their management in the field of electronic government, it is very important to understand that information technologies act only as a tool for the transformation of administrative processes and structures and cannot by themselves solve the problems facing state structures.

Marc-André Dalbavie’s “Diadèmes”: From the Polyphony of Layers to the “Polyphony of Processes”

In the spectral and post-spectral music the category of process acquires special significance. Realizing the idea of an internal connection between form and material, processuality is endowed with compositional functions and, being implemented in a continuum of transformations of sound objects — timbre-harmonic and timbre-textural complexes, — determines the dynamics of shaping. The concept of «composing» directed musical processes as a conductor of the idea of transition and transitivity, which is the cornerstone for the aesthetics of spectralism, becomes part of the compositional strategy of Marc-André Dalbavie (b. 1961). In the Russian-language musicological literature, this publication is the first and so far the only reference to the work of one of the leading contemporary European composers. Based on the material “Diadèmes” for viola solo, instrumental ensemble and electronics 633 (1986), the most important components of the author’s method are considered: the principles of continuity of transformations of sound structures, interpolation of timbre-textured blocks and musical “streams”, as well as the principles of sound polarization and “reintegration” a number of “historical” compositional procedures. Particular attention is paid to the author’s concept of “polyphony of processes” as a tool for the multifaceted implementation of the compositional action of the process category, carried out both within the layers of individual musical parameters — harmony, rhythm, timbre — and in the space of their cross interaction.

ՄԱՐՄՆԱՄԱՍԵՐԻ ԱՆՎԱՆՈՒՄՆԵՐՈՎ ԳՐԱԲԱՐՅԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾԱԿԱՆ ԿԱՌՈՒՅՑՆԵՐԻ ԵՎ ՀԱՄԱԾԻՆ ԲԱՐԴՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ՏԻՊԱԲԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ (ՀԱՄԱԺԱՄԱՆԱԿՅԱ և ՏԱՐԺԱՄԱՆԱԿՅԱ ՀԱՅԵՑԱԿԵՏԵՐ)

The article discusses the transformation of the analytical structures of the Old Armenian language into compound words. The phenomenon of transformation is analyzed both in Grabar and in the modern Armenian literary language.

Reengineering of construction organizations and reengineering of the construction industry

The change of technological and managerial processes caused by scientific and technological progress and designated in the state strategy as the digital transformation should be reflected in the qualitative transformation of organizational structures and methods of implementation of investment and construction activities both at the corporate level and at the industry level. This qualitative transformation is commonly referred to as re-engineering. As a practice and as a methodology reengineering has in its genesis certain phenomena, and for justification uses theoretical tools advised by them. In this regard, the authors in the article argue that digital transformation should be a component of a deeper change in the sectors of the national economy -technological transformation. In terms of practical value reengineering for the industry and its corporate level can be seen as an effective technology for managing the timing and cost of construction, taking into account the needs of the population in the formation of a comfortable and safe environment of life.

The role of feruloylation of wheat bran arabinoxylan in regulating the heat-evoked polymerization behavior of gluten

To further reveal the role of feruloylation of arabinoxylan (AX) in regulating the heat-evoked polymerization behavior of gluten, AX was extracted from wheat bran and in situ modified with lime to obtain AX with controlled ferulic acid (FA) content. The effects of AX with varied FA level on the heat-evoked polymerization of gluten were comparatively studied. The results suggested that AX postponed the disulfide bond mediated polymerization behavior of glutenins and enhanced polymerization degree of glutenin-glutenin and glutenin-gliadin crosslinks upon thermal treatment, while FA moiety suppressed the facilitated polymerization behavior compared with AX free of FA. iTARQ analysis demonstrated that FA moiety of AX mainly suppressed the polymerization of low molecular weight glutenin subunits and α/γ-gliadins in glutenin-gliadin crosslinks. The complete polymerization of glutenin and gliadin elevated the intermolecular β-sheet and ordered α-helix structures at the expense of other structures, while AX stabilized the transformation of secondary structures and was irrelevant with FA level. FA moiety of AX contributed to stabilizing the microenvironment of tryptophan, and evoked the disulfide bond conformation with reduced gauche-gauche-gauche conformation upon formation of glutenin-gliadin crosslinks. AX with the highest FA level exhibited the optimum elevation effect on the viscoelasticity of gluten, which might be attributed to the moderate polymerization of glutenin-gliadin and potential covalent linkage formed between the FA moiety of AX and gluten. This study could contribute to depicting the interacting mechanism of AX and gluten proteins, and further provide basis for exploiting nutritious high-fiber wheat-based products with superior organoleptic quality. • Arabinoxylan (AX) was in situ modified to control the ferulic acid (FA) content. • FA of AX contributed to suppressing the heat-evoked polymerization of gluten proteins. • Suppressed polymerized subunits of gluten upon heating by FA were identified. • FA moiety of AX contributed to stabilizing the microenvironment of tryptophan. • AX with high FA level exhibit optimum elevation effect on viscoelasticity of gluten.

Paramilitarism, Social Transformation, and the Nation in Greece during the Civil War and Its Aftermath (1940s–50s)

This article explores the association between paramilitarism and nation-building in civil war Greece. Existing studies saw paramilitaries from a purely military perspective and focused on their combat activities. The article shifts the attention to their social and political activities and discusses the transformation of social actors, structures, norms, and practices at the local level as spurred on by political mobilization and paramilitary violence. More specifically, the author focuses on three processes: political mobilization, the militarization of local authority, and the fragmentation of local political economies. He explores the legacies of these changes on the dynamics of state and institution building between the years of occupation during World War II, the Civil War, and the reconstruction years. This approach problematizes divisions between legal (state-sanctioned) and illegal (private) violence in the making of the postwar state and sheds new light onto continuities across the divide of World War II and the Cold War.