Structural Subdivisions Research Articles

Социальный контроллинг

The development and implementation of social controlling in management practice is linked to the increasing role of the social responsibility of companies, particularly oil and gas companies, towards society, the state, their employees and consumers. Today the main task of social controlling is to ensure continuous monitor-ing of activities, including social factors, at all levels of the management of the organization. The aim of this article is to analyze the social factors of the effectiveness of the management system in the organization. A three-year sociological study was carried out in order to determine the level of satisfaction with the management sys-tem, the organization of work and the social environment, the level of trust in the company and the relationship between these factors and the effectiveness of management in the context of social controlling. Skillful use of the data obtained will allow the heads of structural divisions to more effectively use the social factors of the working environment of the personnel to increase their return in the process of labor activity. Skilful use of the obtained data will allow managers of structural subdivisions to make more effective use of the social factors of the working environment of the personnel, to increase their efficiency in the process of work activity.

Innovative water treatment solutions and experience of introduction at railway transport infrastructure facilities

The experience of operating ozone-sorption water treatment plants in the structural subdivisions of Russian Railways OJSC is provided. Technical solutions that increase the efficiency of water treatment and reduce operating costs are described.

Analytical and psychological aspects of work safety in urban transport infrastructure projects

The work investigated and analyzed the relationship between the psychology of occupational safety and industrial injuries, and the reasons that cause injuries at workplaces in the structural subdivisions of the metro were given. Proposed measures to improve the occupational health and safety management system at metro companies.

FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT OF INNOVATIVE AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Introduction. It is appropriate to include the organizational and management structure and relevant units that develop and make management decisions in the field of investment, as well as managers with the appropriate level of professional training, for whom the rights, duties and responsibility. At the same time, the formation of the organizational structure of management of investment processes at the enterprise is influenced by many factors, in particular, the size of the enterprise, forms and volumes of investment activity, organizational and legal form, etc. Methods. In the process of conducting research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: systematic approach, comparative, dialectical, abstract and logical methods. The results. It has been proven that the process of creating a management system for innovation and investment activities with an appropriate organizational structure consists of organizational, administrative and technical measures that require initial investments. These organizational measures should include a set of measures to coordinate the activities of developers and users of the investment activity management system, which are bound by resources and deadlines. In order to form a system of information support for the process of substantiating and making a decision on investment in agricultural production, the model has structural subdivisions that allow assessing the capabilities of the enterprise and investors in relation to the implementation of a specific investment project. The characteristic features of the management of innovative and investment activities of agricultural enterprises are singled out: the dominance of investments in real investments; the main goals involve the implementation of tasks of a tactical nature; lack of a special unit for coordination and regulation; the investment decision is taken collegially; among the project documentation, a business project is most often developed; there is no practice of developing documents for operational management of the “capital budget” and “calendar plan” during the implementation of an investment project. Discussion. Under the conditions of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine, business entities are forced to radically change the management system of innovation and investment activities, focusing mainly on the use of their own financial resources. In this regard, there is a need to form a system of organizational support for attracting investments in the implementation of innovative projects aimed at increasing the volume of production of products with a high level of added value by subjects of entrepreneurial activity in the field of agribusiness. Keywords: innovation, investment, activity, agricultural enterprise, information.

TOOLKIT FOR IMPROVING FINANCIAL RESULTS IN THE SYSTEM FOR STRENGTHENING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article focuses on the relevance of planning and implementation of tools aimed at improving the financial condition and ensuring the economic security of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to justify the tools for improving financial results in the system of strengthening the economic security of the enterprise. The method of planning and forecasting the volume and structure of the company’s income is applied based on the calculation of break-even points, minimum profitability, resource-backed profit. Based on the financial and economic reporting data of the seven enterprises analyzed in the study, the income, expenses and performance indicators (initial data for calculating break-even) of the enterprises were determined. Indicators of critical limits of economic activity (income) of enterprises are calculated and given. The coefficients of deviation of the values of income at the point of resource-supported profit from the actual income of enterprises, as well as the coefficients of deviation of the actual volumes of income of enterprises from the income at the break-even point were determined. The directions and tools for improving financial results in the system of strengthening the economic security of the enterprise are substantiated. Areas, measures and structural subdivisions of realizing the potential of improving financial results in the system of strengthening the economic security of the enterprise have been determined. It has been established that the improvement of the company’s financial results has a positive effect on the strengthening of all components of its economic security, including financial, intellectual and personnel, technical and technological, institutional and legal, marketing, logistics, information, security, etc. Improvement of financial results is achieved by increasing the company’s income, as well as reducing (optimizing) its costs. In terms of increasing income, it is important to find all possible alternatives, both in terms of internal and external sources. In order to optimize the costs of the enterprise, it is appropriate to implement a balanced set of measures in the following directions: (1) rationalization of contingent and fixed costs, (2) reduction of the level of variable costs, (3) improvement of the system of stimulating the work of personnel, (4) ensuring technical and technological modernization of production and business -processes, (5) optimization of circulation costs.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE DESIGN SCHEME OF THE INSTALLATION FOR PROCESSING GRANULAR MATERIAL WITH INFRARED RADIATION

The article describes technologies for post-harvest processing of grain, the main components of which are interconnected cleaning and drying technologies. The technology of post-harvest processing of grain is carried out to a greater or lesser extent during the entire period of storage of grain of different purpose, state of clogging and moisture, differing in structural and mechanical properties and chemical composition, etc. Post-harvest processing of grain can be singled out among the main priority operations of this industry. The strategic importance of the development of this industry became the basis for the activity of one of the structural subdivisions of the Educational, Scientific and Production Complex (NNVK) «All-Ukrainian Scientific and Educational Consortium» - Scientific and Research Farm «Agronomichne». The article discusses the design schemes of devices for heat treatment of grain, micronizers, infrared dryers in which heat treatment of grain is carried out with the help of infrared radiation; their principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages are also studied. On the basis of the results of this study, an installation for processing granular material with infrared radiation was developed. The classification of grain processing technologies of cereal and leguminous crops has been carried out. The problems of minimizing thermal energy losses and improving the quality of material processing are solved by changing the design and increasing the efficiency of using the heat of infrared radiation due to the return of the heat of the cooling radiators of the material being processed. In this scientific work, the task set is solved by the fact that the heat taken from the air by the emitters (lamps or heating elements) is supplied by jets to the irradiating material and by the creation of a "running wave" on the surface of the conveyor belt, which is deformed, which ensures a pseudo-suspended state of the material due to the application of interaction ferromagnetic elements (rods, columns) placed on the tape with magnets placed under the tape at a certain distance from each other.

Internal audit as a component of the crime prevention system in Ukraine

The study of the anti-criminogenic functionality of internal audit units is of practical importance for the further improvement of the general crime prevention system in Ukraine.
 The purpose of the article: improvement of the crime prevention system in Ukraine. The task of the article: to outline the relationship between the system goal, objects, structural elements, functions, subject composition of the internal audit and the crime prevention system.
 Disclosure of the functionality in the crime prevention system was carried out using the method of comparative analysis of four aspects: 1) system goal; 2) object; 3) structural elements; 4) functions.
 The goal of crime prevention as an artificial system is the absence of criminally punishable violations of social relations, the preservation of the latter. The primary goal of internal audit is to determine the legality of the activities of the relevant entities.
 Regarding crime prevention measures, three groups of criminogenic objects are distinguished: 1) social; 2) legal; 3) psychogenic. The most obvious objects of crime prevention to which the activities of internal audit subjects in Ukraine are directed are legal and psychogenic.
 Basic elements of the internal audit system:
 1) structural subdivisions of the internal audit of entities in the prescribed cases;
 2) officials entrusted with the authority to carry out an internal audit.
 The objective function of the crime prevention system can be considered to be the deterrence of the population from criminal acts and the termination of criminal offenses that have begun.
 The objective function of internal audit units can be defined as prevention of illegal use of budget funds in the activities of the manager of budget funds and enterprises, institutions and organizations belonging to the sphere of his management.
 The relationship between the functions of the crime prevention system and the internal audit system can be outlined as general to separate.

Institutional Model of Ensuring Compliance with Advertising Rules: Current State and Prospects for Improvement

Having studied the current state and prospects for improving the institutional mechanism of the public system of ensuring compliance with advertising rules, the author draws attention to the fact that in scientific literature is prevails the view according to which the optimal institutional model for ensuring compliance with the rules for creating and placing advertising is one that includes a specialized government agency with universal competence, as well as an agency entrusted with the state protection of competition in business activities as an entity with sectoral competence. However, as the author notes, there are sufficient reasons to consider this vision premature due to the lack of substantiation of the sufficient originality, uniformity and complexity of state regulation of legal relations related to advertising for the formation of a special regulator of the advertising services market. There is no confirmation that a separate government agency, the purview of which would include state regulation and control of the advertising services market, could surpass in efficiency the specialized structural subdivisions of government authorities that under current legislation control compliance with the legislation of Ukraine on advertising, provided that techniques and procedures for fulfillment of these function is improved and the scope of their powers is adjusted.
 Reflecting on the place of local self-government bodies in the system of authorities controlling compliance with the requirements of advertising legislation, the author points out that according to the legal opinions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine on this issue, bearing in mind the fact that ensuring compliance of advertising constructions with engineering and technical requirements, sanitary norms and aesthetic standards is an element of the comprehensive development of settlements, which is an integral part of the area of responsibility of local self-government bodies, these bodies are authorized to control advertisement compliance. At the same time, it is overlooked that the provisions of the government-made rules for the placement of outdoor advertising, which impose on local self-government bodies control over their compliance, are not consistent with the list of control bodies set out in the Law of Ukraine "On Advertising" and creates an extremely high probability of duplication of the powers of a specially authorized state control agency. It is also substantiated that the local self-government bodies do not have the authority to check the compliance of advertising with content requirements for advertising, since this lies outside the boundaries of comprehensive development of settlements.

Evolution of small and large ribosomal RNAs from accretion of tRNA subelements

tRNAs presumably accreted into modern ribosomal RNAs. Previous analyses showed similar secondary structures for ancient rRNA subelements and theoretical minimal RNA rings, candidate tRNA ancestors rationally designed from tRNA-unrelated principles. Here, analyses test which tRNA secondary structure subelements resemble ancient/recent rRNA subelements. Results show that ribosomal RNA subelements evolved from structures resembling 1. Upper half part of the tRNA secondary structure; and 2. Towards structures resembling (a) tRNA 5′ stem-loop hairpins in large rRNA subunit and (b) tRNA lower half part in small rRNA subunit (stop and start codons conservation model). tRNAs and rRNAs presumably originated from the tRNA upper half part including the acceptor stem. Modern split 5′ and 3′ tRNA genes (spliced at anticodons) apparently reproduce ancestral-like states, because the acceptor stem protocode suggests acceptor stems evolved from spliced anticodon-like stem-loop hairpins, strengthening central roles for acceptor stem CCA-addition at translation origins. The Root-Bernstein hypothesis on the existence of tRNA structural symmetries presumably reflects late 5’ tRNA stem-loop hairpin duplications, some integrating rRNAs. Analyses of tRNA subelements similarities with rRNA subelements suggest tRNAs evolved and re-evolved by different duplication-fusions, along different structural subdivision models. Hence, sequential/parallel processes, perhaps in the same ancestral organism(s) produced polyphyletic tRNAs. Results confirm RNA ring usefulness for understanding prebiotic and early life evolution, and their similarities with primordial protein coding and tRNA genes.

Organization of the safe work management system at agricultural enterprises

The occupational health and safety management system, as a target production management system, establishes a unified procedure for the activities of heads of organizations, structural divisions, and other officials in the field of occupational health and safety. It is designed to create working conditions in each structural subdivision, at each workplace, that meet the requirements of regulatory and legal acts and are the basis for a stable reduction of industrial injuries, accidents, and occupational diseases. Therefore, the problems of the creation and widespread implementation of a modern labor protection management system at enterprises are at the center of the constant attention of the State Labor Service of Ukraine. To improve its work, first of all, it is necessary to study the state of labor protection in units and workplaces, identify dangerous factors and possible risks and evaluate them. The main principle of the occupational health and safety management system is that all potential industrial injuries and accidents can and should be prevented promptly. In this paper, we explore the possibilities of applying the modeling of traumatic and emergencies and structural-functional analysis when using portable power tools in agricultural enterprises in the occupational health and safety management system. The execution of agricultural technological operations is characterized by the impact on the human body of various physical, chemical, biological, and psychophysiological factors, which can cause industrial injuries, occupational diseases, and deterioration of workers' health. The main task of labor protection is the creation of favorable conditions in the agricultural enterprise, which would guarantee the safety of the life of workers and in which the maximum labor productivity would be achieved with the least energy expenditure, and the human body would not be exposed to the harmful effects of production factors.

Accounting and reporting on L-VPI, L-VN-CMA in construction: display standards, identification and organization issues

Introduction. In construction enterprises are hundreds of types and thousands of names of low-value and perishable items (LVPI) and low-value non-current tangible assets (LVNTA), which require a more detailed study and a significant reduction of costs from the buyer to production consumption at a specific construction site. For every construction enterprise, it’s important to prevent the loss of these items and assets during their acquisition, transportation, acceptance-handover, storage, as well as to systematically control the level of costs for them, increase the duration of their use, and ensure optimal volumes of production consumption during business processes in construction This gives us reason to claim that the topic of our research is relevant and deserves attention.Purpose. The purpose of the article is the analysis of scientific articles devoted to the problems of accounting for LVPI and LVNTA in construction, directions for their solution, and the development of the authors’ own opinion and proposals for solving these problems. Method (methodology). During the study of this topic, the following methods were applied: monographic - for the purpose of studying literary sources on the accounting of LVPI and LVNTA in construction; regulatory and legal support - for the purpose of characterizing the genesis and current state of legislation in the field of accounting for stocks and fixed assets of enterprises; graphic - to establish the existing relationships between them and LVPI and LVNTA in construction enterprises of Ukraine, etc.Results. In a number of provisions of the Order of the enterprise “On the accounting policy of the enterprise”, more attention should be paid to LVPI and LVNTA, and for their list in the enterprise in general and its structural subdivisions, 2-3 appendices should be allocated. In Ukraine, it is expedient to introduce either a separate Ukrainian national standards on the accounting of LVPI and LVNTA, or Methodical recommendations or Regulations on the accounting of LVPI and LVNTA. In the “Methodical recommendations for inventory accounting”, a whole section should be devoted to LVPI and LVNTA, as it was once done in relation to containers (“Peculiarities of container accounting”). In practice, LVPI and LVNTA are often treated with a certain frivolity and the conditions of their storage and preservation are not sufficiently controlled both in the warehouses of enterprises and in production units. As a result, enterprises lose tens, hundreds of thousands of hryvnias, and sometimes much more. The nuances that arise in practice regarding business operations around the triad “LVPI and LVNTA and fixed assets” create a lot of doubts and cautions for accountants, which don’t contribute to a positive microclimate in the company’s accounting department. It is necessary to carry out timely documentation of all operations of the movement of material values and control over them, including control over compliance with the norms of the use of various types and names of LVPI, in particular: overalls (cotton, tarpaulin, rubber suits; overalls; cotton jackets and pants; rubber boots; signal vests), household equipment (buckets, shovels, rakes, brooms, scoops), tools (saws, scissors, hammers, vices, pliers, knives) canvases, keys, screwdrivers), stationery (printing paper, paper clips, buttons, ballpoint pens, pencils, rulers), office furniture (desks, computer tables, office cabinets, chairs and armchairs), personal protective equipment (PPE: respirators, gauze masks, rubber and canvas gloves, protective glasses, helmets, helmets), etc.Perspectives. In the future, it’s necessary to deepen and expand research on the accounting of LVPI and LVNTA of enterprises in the direction of specification by forms of ownership, organizational and legal forms, types of economic activity, taking into account the received foreign and Ukrainian experience on this issue, as well as research opportunities to significantly reduce costs for these types of material resources, primarily due to strengthening measures for their conservation, rational and multiple use.

THE CONCEPT AND EVALUATION OF COMPREHENSIVE PROPERTY COMPLEXES

The assessment of integral property complexes is a significant methodological technique in accounting. With its help the value measurement and generalization of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise is carried out.
 The purpose of the article is to define the concept of integral property complexes and their assessment. The task was to determine what refers to integral property complexes in practical activity and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of applying approaches to the assessment of integral property complexes.
 Integrated property complexes are enterprises, as well as their structural subdivisions (shops, factories, districts, etc.), which can be separated in the established order into independent objects with subsequent preparation of the appropriate balance sheet and can be registered as independent entities of economic activity. Practically, integral property complexes include: the main assets of the enterprise capable of producing the final product (land, facilities, buildings, equipment, low-value non-current assets); real business with the inclusion of receivables and payables, but without existing obligations, current assets. The advantages and disadvantages of approaches to the assessment of integral property complexes are determined. It is concluded, that regardless of which approach is chosen as the main one, the result should be the same. In practice, this is hardly possible. The market is far from perfect models, the competition is imperfect, and the number of indicators at the base of the formulas is too large. Therefore, different approaches are likely to show different results. You need to choose the one, that best suits the parameters of a particular enterprise. In addition, the option model is widely used, it assumes, that the value of the enterprise can be a variable that directly depends on external factors.

Increasing the performance of the Far Eastern Railway traction power supply system

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to develop measures determined by the strategic programmes for the development of Russian railway transport based on the analysis of power supply schemes for the traction network of the Far Eastern Railway, a branch of Russian Railways.Materials and methods. Evaluation of the performance of the traction power supply system was made based on the analysis of the actual performance of the Far Eastern Railway section, as well as the theories of electrical engineering and power supply of the 25 kV AC electrified railway system.Results. Based on the analysis of the joint operation of the external and traction power supply systems of the Far Eastern Railway, four traction substations with low technical and economic indicators were identified. Network sections that feed the substations are a bottleneck in the traction power supply system. It is proposed to increase the efficiency by switching the connection of the windings of transformers of traction substations to the systems of external and traction power supply according to the typical star – delta scheme. Such a connection will ensure an increase in the speed of trains, a reduction in train succession time and losses of electricity, an increase in the quality of electric energy in the external power supply system and electric networks of the Far Eastern Directorate for Energy Supply (a structural subdivision of Transenergo, a branch of Russian Railways).Discussion and conclusion. Normalisation of the connection of four traction substations according to the feeding scheme is ensured by changing the phasing in such a way that the power supply of the two legs of one winding of the power transformer is transferred to two windings. Alignment of the current modules in the windings of transformers of traction substations makes it possible to reduce the voltage drop in the most loaded phase and, accordingly, increase the voltage in the traction network, which ensures an increase in the speed of trains and a reduction in passing intervals. Switching the power supply of the arms from one winding of the transformer to two reduces the loss of electrical energy in power transformers and the external power supply system. Reducing the current unbalance in the windings of the power transformer improves the quality of electrical energy in the system of external and district power supply. An increase in the service life of the power transformer is ensured by a decrease in the intensity of thermal wear of the insulation of the most loaded winding.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ЛХТ-17-19 В КУЛЬТУРАХ КЛЕТОК ЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ, ЭКСПРЕССИРУЮЩИХ EGFR

Abstract. . In the study, the pharmacological activity of the pyridine derivative LHT-17-19 was studied in relation to the culture of pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and the culture of bladder cancer cells HT-29 expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor. The cultures were obtained from the library of tumor strains of the Moscow Research Institute of Oncology. P.A. Herzen - a separate structural subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "NMITs Radiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia. LHT-17-19 was synthesized in the Department of Chemistry, Technology of Synthetic Medicines and Analytical Control of JSC VNTs BAV (Russia). LHT-17-19 and the reference drug "Doxorubicin" 50 mg each were added to the cultivation medium in the concentration range from 10-8 to 10-v. Compounds LHT-17-19 were shown to be able to induce death and suppress the growth of pancreatic cancer squamous culture (PANC-1) and bladder (HT-29) tumor cells expressing EGFR over a wide range of concentrations. So for pancreatic cancer (PANC-1), the effective inhibitory concentration for the compound LHT-17-19 was 1.3 × 10-7 M, while for the reference substance doxorubicin it was 6.0 × 10-5 M. bubble (NT-29) - 2.4 × 10-7 M and 5.2 × 10-4 M, respectively.

IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE STRUCTURAL UNITS OF A SPORTS ORGANISATION

The article is devoted to improving the assessment of competitiveness sectors of multi-profile sports organization. The factors identified as a result of the comparative analysis, served as the basis for building an additive model to assess the competitiveness of separate, structural units of the sports organization. The main goal of building an additive model is the effective distribution of the financial resources of the sports organization between separate, structural subdivisions, professional clubs, regional offices and athletes representing nonteam sports. To build a model it is proposed to use factors (attributes) that reflect the specifics of sports organizations and take into account the indicators of financial and economic activity. The application of the additive model by sports managers in their professional activities requires legal justification in the local documents of the sports organization. The apodictic nature of the model is due to the objective, reliable data that are involved in the calculation. The integration of sports performance, results and accounting data in the model contributes to the smoothing of imbalances and improve the efficiency of the distribution of financial resources between the sectors of a multidisciplinary sports organization.

Problematic Issues of Liability for Crimes against Justice in the Criminal Law Doctrine

The study of problematic issues of responsibility for crimes and misdemeanours against justice becomes particularly relevant, considering the reform of judicial proceedings, and the discussion in the scientific community of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine. The study applied a dialectical approach and the corresponding method, a systematic approach, methods of system analysis, technical and legal analysis, formal and logical, and sociological approaches. The purpose of this study is to formulate proposals on the structure of the division on responsibility for crimes, misdemeanours that encroach on the established procedure of legal proceedings, execution of court decisions, initial provisions on the regulation of the material basis of criminal liability for certain groups of encroachments on the established procedure of legal proceedings, execution of court decisions, approaches to criminal law protection of professional advocacy in the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the criterion for systematisation of norms within the structural division of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine on responsibility for encroachment on the established procedure for legal proceedings and enforcement of court decisions should be taken as a specific object of relevant crimes and misdemeanours. It is proposed to provide in the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine responsibility for interference in the activities of special victims – participants in relations on the implementation of legal proceedings and the execution of court decisions with differentiation of forms of such influence on the relevant victims depending on its intensity, which, accordingly, have different degrees of public danger. The expediency of placing in the structural unit of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine on liability for crimes and misdemeanours against justice, the rules protecting social relations that ensure the activities of the defender, the representative of the person has been substantiated. At the same time, it is proposed to provide for a separate provision in the structural subdivision of the special part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, where the object is social relations to ensure the socio-economic rights of a person, which would establish liability for intentional obstruction of a lawyer in the exercise of their lawful professional activity, in the absence of signs of criminal offences providing for liability for unlawful influence on a defender or representative. The provisions and proposals formulated by this study may be useful when developing the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine.

Определение профессионального риска работников на предприятии электроэнергетики

At the Department of Life Safety of the South Ural State University, a methodology for assessing occupational risk was developed, which uses an integral assessment of the working conditions based on the standard for lost working time from morbidity with temporary disability. Occupational risk assessment according to the proposed method considers the impact of all dangerous and harmful factors on the employees. The assessment has a relatively low labor intensity, and can be carried out in a short time at the enterprises (in the organizations) with any type of economic activity through the specially developed software. According to the developed methodology, an assessment of the occupational risk was carried out in the organization of IDGC of Urals — Chelyabenergo with the coverage of about 5,000 employees. The article presents the results of the conducted calculations and their analysis. Using the formulas given in the article, the indicators can be determined both for one employee and for a group of employees (a structural unit or an organization as a whole). As a result, it was established that, in general, there is a moderate occupational risk in the branch office of IDGC of Urals — Chelyabenergo. This is a good result for a production organization. By analogy, the calculations were carried out for the production departments of the organization and the structural divisions of each department. When calculating on the structural subdivisions, additional information is provided about the employees with increased occupational risk (medium, significant, and high). In the absence of such employees, no information is provided. The article shows a comparative diagram of the occupational risk of the employees of IDGC of Urals — Chelyabenergo, and the employees of its production departments. In the production departments of the organization, there is a low, medium, and moderate risk. There are no production departments with significant and high occupational risk. Recommendations are also given on the possible application of the results of the risk assessment.

Current state and prospects for nursing care in the palliative care system

BACKGROUND: The demographic trends of the 21st century increase the need for long-term care and challenge the volume and quality of palliative and nursing care. Nursing homes and units are created to increase the availability of palliative care (PC) to patients in need of 24-h nursing care who do not have medical indications for permanent medical supervision. The availability of PC and effectiveness in nursing care beds require further analysis.
 AIM: This study aimed to examine the current PC state in nursing care beds and determine the need for further development of this area for patients requiring PC in the Russian Federation.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data analysis of PC provision in automated medical statistics monitoring system (asmms.mednet.ru) was conducted using descriptive statistics. The sociological method was used to determine the conditions/diseases of patients requiring PC and nursing care.
 RESULTS: Patients beyond the working age need PC in nursing care beds. The structural subdivisions of medical organizations and facilities that provide PC in nursing care beds are unevenly distributed throughout the Russian Federation. The availability of nursing care beds and the average bed-days differ among constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
 CONCLUSIONS: A positive increase in PC beds has been observed since 2012. For Q1 2021, the average bed-days in a nursing care bed and PC bed were 28.2 and 22.3, respectively. For adult patients receiving PC in inpatient settings, individuals beyond the working age with reduced functional activity, insufficient independent care, and in need of 24-h nursing supervision and care prevailed.

The effect of main tillage methods on pea productivity

The current paper has presented the results of a three-year study (2019–2021), the purpose of which was to study and evaluate the impact of various tillage methods on pea productivity. The trials were carried out on the fields of the structural subdivision of “NCRIMEA” of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. There have been studied four tillage methods such as subsurface; layer-by-layer; moldboard; ‘no-tillage’ variant. Weather conditions during the study period were contrasting and affected plant vegetation period. When estimating the effect of tillage methods, there were taken into account such indicators of pea productivity as number of productive plants, number of productive nodes, number of productive beans, number of seeds per bean, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, and productivity. The three-year study and estimation of the effect of various tillage methods on pea yields and its productivity, there was found that the growing season decrease negatively affected pea productivity under all tillage methods, along with this the plants reacted more sharply to this under the moldboard tillage. The most favorable effect on pea productivity was provided by variants ‘no-tillage’ and subsurface tillage due to the maximum formation of number of nodes, beans and seeds in plants, as well as seed weight increase. The estimated mean pea productivity in 2019–2021 showed the advantage of a subsurface tillage (3.15 t/ha). Relative to it, there was established productivity decrease on 2.2% in the variant ‘no-tillage’, on 13.97% in the variant with a layer-by-layer tillage, and on 28.25% in the variant with moldboard tillage.

A Progressive Simplification Method for Buildings Based on Structural Subdivision

Building simplification is an important research area in automatic map generalization. Up to now, many approaches have been proposed by scholars. However, in the continuous transformation of scales for buildings, keeping the main shape characteristics, area, and orthogonality of buildings are always the key and difficult points. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of progressive simplification for buildings based on structural subdivision. In this paper, iterative simplification is adopted, which transforms the problem of building simplification into the simplification of the minimum details of building outlines. Firstly, a top priority structure (TPS) is determined, which represents the smallest detail in the outline of the building. Then, according to the orthogonality and concave–convex characteristics, the TPS are classified as 62 subdivisions, which cover the local structure of the building polygon. Then, the subdivisions are divided into four simplification types. The building is simplified to eliminate the TPS continuously, retaining the right-angle characteristics and area as much as possible, until the results satisfy the constraints and rules of simplification. A topographic dataset (1:1 K) collected from Kadaster was used for our experiments. In order to evaluate the algorithm, many tests were undertaken, including tests of multi-scale simplification and simplification of typical buildings, which indicate that this method can realize multi-scale presentation of buildings. Compared with the existing simplification methods, the comparison results show that the proposed method can simplify buildings effectively, which has certain advantages in keeping shape characteristics, area, and rectangularity.