Stroke Diesel Engine Research Articles

Effect of di-ethyl-ether on biodiesel fuelled diesel engine

ABSTRACT This work investigates the impact of diethyl ether as an effective cetane improver on exhaust emission on biodiesel fuelled diesel engine. Transesterification process has followed to yield Mustard oil methyl ester (MOME) from raw Mustard oil using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Test fuels used are Diesel, Mustard oil methyl ester (BD100), 10%, 20% of Di-ethyl Ether (BD90DEE10, BD80DEE20) incorporated MOME, respectively. This work was carried out in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. Results showed that by the addition of DEE with biodiesel shows considerable reduction Carbon dioxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Smoke emission.

Thermal Engineering Manual

In this laboratory, students will have the opportunity to study the working principle of IC engines (both SI and CI engines), performance and characteristics in terms of heat balancing, economical speed variations, air-fuel ratio influence on the engine to reinforce classroom theory by having the student perform required tests, analyze subsequent data, and present the results in a professionally prepared report. The machines and equipment used to determine experimental data include cut models of 4stroke diesel engine, 2stroke petrol engine, 4stroke and two-stroke petrol engines with required specifications, Multi-cylinder SI engine, Single cylinder Diesel engine for performance and speed test which is suitable to tests on variable compression ratios.

A comparative study on coated and uncoated diesel engine performance and emissions running on dual fuel (LPG – biodiesel) with and without additive

The study was conducted on a partially stabilized zirconia coated single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled and direct injection diesel engine and was modified to use the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as the primary fuel and pilot spray of biodiesel with and without Di-Tertiary Butyl Peroxide (DTBP) additive as the secondary fuel. The primary fuel was mixed with air in intake manifold, compressed, and ignited by a pilot spray of secondary fuel. The biodiesel was prepared from palm oil by base catalyst transesterification method. The performance and emission characteristics of coated diesel engine were examined by operating on dual fuel mode (LPG-biodiesel and LPG-diesel) without additive and LPG- biodiesel with additive. The results were compared to uncoated engine running on diesel fuel. The study reveal that, a significant improvement in performance of coated engine operating on dual fuel mode (LPG-biodiesel) with additive by an increase in efficiency of 4.5% and decrease in brake specific fuel consumption of 4.2% at 80% of full load, HC and CO emissions are reduced between 9% and 12% at entire load spectrum compared to uncoated engine operating on diesel fuel. NOx emission is drastically reduced up to 32% for dual fuel with additive compared to without additive in coated engine operation and very close to diesel fuel in uncoated engine operation.

Design, Optimization and Analysis of a 4-stroke Diesel Engine Piston and Piston rings using Different Materials

Modern Automobiles expect a high performance from its engines, which in turn places its requirements on the piston and cylinder components. Hence the piston has to deal with harsher, and tougher thermal and mechanical conditions. It has to undergo higher operating temperatures and pressures as well as higher speeds and at the same time keeping a check on the emissions. Pistons play a key role in increasing engine efficiency by reducing weight and frictional losses. This has made it essential to devise and search unique and creative concepts and materials for Pistons repeatedly, which offers what the engine demands.In this work Aluminium Alloy-4032 has been selected as the piston material of a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine and the piston rings are made of grey cast iron and alloy steel. Piston is designed by analytical methods taking both thermal and structural effects into consideration, then modelled on CATIA V5 and the analysis of structural deformation due to thermal stresses has been done using Finite Element Analysis of Steady State Thermal and its effect on static structure using Analysis software ANSYS.

The Use of Photocatalysis and Titanium Dioxide on Diesel Exhaust Fumes for NOx Reduction

Nitrogen oxides are emitted in large quantities by vehicles, and solutions to the problem are sought after. Efforts towards abatement include Selective Catalytic Reduction, catalytic converters, and redesigning engines to make them more efficient. This article focuses on the photocatalytic oxidation, which involves the use of titanium dioxide and ultraviolet radiation to oxidise nitrogen oxides to nitrates. To test this, the interior of a serpentine reactor was coated with titanium dioxide and irradiated with various intensities of ultraviolet light, and the photocatalytic abatement was monitored for the exhaust fumes from a standalone 4-stroke test diesel engine. The conversion rates were calculated using the entering concentration and the concentration after a certain time increment. The rates varied between 13.7% and 37.3% and depended strongly on the relative humidity, as a higher relative humidity directly correlated with a better conversion. The irradiance was also varied, and a decline in the conversion rate occurred when the irradiance was increased.

Effect of multi carbon nanosheet on diesel engine performance and emissions

The continuous increase in energy demand, fossil fuel consumption, harmful exhaust emissions and global warming, all these led to search about alternative fuel. The paper focuses on using of CNS as additive to diesel fuel and their effects on performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine. The used fuels were diesel and CNS blended fuel. CNS was blended with diesel oil in the mass fractions of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm using an ultrasonicator and a mechanical homogenizer. Stability of CNS blended with diesel oil was investigated. Experimental investigations were carried out on a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine of 5.7 kW rated power. Experimental work was conducted at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at different engine loads. Performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine burning CNS additives were compared to diesel fuel. CNS additive to diesel oil is efficient in improving performance and reducing exhaust emissions in diesel engine. A dosing level of CNS in the range of 200 ppm is recommended to achieve the best engine performance with optimal emissions reductions.

ANALYSIS OF THE HEAT EMISSION OF A D100-LIKE DIESEL ENGINE USING THE KNOWN α FORMULAS

While the development of alternative pistons for D100-like engines, the authors of this paper have encountered the problem. It consists in modeling of the thermal boundary conditions, which are directly related to a specific working process. The simulation of the working process of a 2-stroke diesel engine with counter-moving pistons is discussed in this study aimed to analyze the effect of various formulas of the heat-transfer coefficient (α-formulas) used for calculating the thermal balance of the engine. The nine α-formulas by the well-known authors for nominal and partial regimes were analyzed. The simulation based on the known α-formulas with original coefficients gives the variation of the average heat transfer rate to the walls at the nominal mode equal to 1.4 to 13%. Thus, the result differs by almost 10 times. Moreover, all values of the average heat transfer are understated. It is shown that any of the considered formulas can be used for the mentioned engine type with minor modifications, i.e. changing one of the input coefficients. The coefficient can be obtained from the experimental data special treatment. The authors calculated the appropriate coefficients one for each α-formula assuming 20% heat loss to the cylinder wall. A comparison with the available experimental data showed that for the considered engine type, it is preferable to use the modified α-formula by R.Z. Kavtaradze.

Alternative Propulsion Plants for Modern LNG Carriers

Abstract This paper shows the latest evolution trends of propulsion plants of modern LNG tankers. Features of conventional and advanced steam plants were confronted with propulsion plants such as Dual Fuel – Diesel electric and plants equipped with slow speed two stroke diesel engines. Propulsion plants were compared in terms of plant efficiency, reliability and environmental. The shipyard’s order book and the active fleet of LNG carriers with a capacity above 65000 m3 were analyzed.

Performance and emission analysis of a diesel engine implementing polanga biodiesel and optimization using Taguchi method

Abstract Diesel fuel emissions are the major source of air pollution and one of the main causes for the global warming worldwide. The present research is focused on the experimental study and input parameter analysis on polanga biodiesel blend, fuel injection timing, and fuel injection pressure on commonly used single cylinder 4-stroke direct injection diesel engine emissions (Unburnt Hydrocarbons-UHC, NOx, and smoke) and thermal efficiency at full load condition. In the study, the effect of polanga blends on fuel injection timing and fuel injection pressure is considered as input factors to examine engine output parameters and minimum exhaust emission is found with the blends of polanga biodiesel. As per the thermal performance evaluation, it is observed that the operating conditions of the engine with 30% polanga biodiesel blend at 220 bar injection pressure are similar to the operating conditions with diesel. Taguchi method has been adapted to obtain a rich design matrix for optimization of parameters. The engine’s input parameters are optimized with multi-response characteristics of BTE, UHC, NOx and smoke. Multiple single-to-noise ratio (MSNR) is employed to analyze the performance characteristics from the actual value. In the study, the optimal values of BTE, UHC, NOx, and smoke emissions obtained are 32.59%, 20.3 ppm volume, 551 ppm volume, and 94.2% respectively at 30% polanga biodiesel blend with 15°bTDC fuel injection timing and 200 bar injection pressure.

Marine diesel engine failure simulator based on thermodynamic model

The diesel engine is a widely used machine in naval sector both as a propeller and auxiliary generator sets, being the most critical equipment of vessel platform. Therefore, diesel engine reliability optimization has a transcendental impact on vessel availability, safety and life cycle costs.This article describes the development of a 4-stroke high speed marine diesel engine failure simulator used in military and civil vessels as the main engine of small patrols and yachts and as an auxiliary genset for larger vessels. Failure simulator is based on a one-dimensional thermodynamic model developed in AVLBoost©, adjusted and validated with experimental data from a real engine in a test bench.The developed model is able to reproduce with confinable results the effect of a large number of typical thermodynamic failures, the behavior of the engine and the effects over several parameters measured and non-measured. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the engine response to failures without having to provoke them in real engine and also it is possible to know the symptoms of one failure before this failure becomes dangerous for the correct behavior of the engine. In addition, this paper exposes a methodology which allows to obtain a failure simulator of any marine diesel engine. This simulator is able to identify diesel engine symptoms under failure condition and build a reliable failure database for diagnosis purposes.

Marine Four-Stroke Diesel Engine Crankshaft Main Bearing Oil Film Lubrication Characteristic Analysis

Abstract The Craig-Bampton modal synthesis method was used to establish the dynamic model of marine four-stroke diesel engine body and crankshaft. Based on the Greenwood/Tripp microlong contact theory considering the surface roughness and the generalized Reynolds equation considering the oil filling rate, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication model of the main bearing of the four - stroke diesel engine is found. At the rated speed, the lubrication performance of the main bearing is simulated and analyzed by the maximum dynamic pressure, the minimum oil film thickness and the friction power. The results show that the oil pressure of 4 # main bearing is the largest and the maximum oil film pressure is in the 4 # main bearing position. The friction load of 4 # main bearing is the largest. The average oil film thickness of 4 # main bearing is the smallest and the minimum oil film The thickness also occurred in the 4 # main bearing position; it can be seen 4 # bearing the most bad lubrication conditions.

Design, Optimization and Analysis of a 4-stroke Diesel Engine Piston and Piston rings using Different Materials

Modern Automobiles expect a high performance from its engines, which in turn places its requirements on the piston and cylinder components. Hence the piston has to deal with harsher, and tougher thermal and mechanical conditions. It has to undergo higher operating temperatures and pressures as well as higher speeds and at the same time keeping a check on the emissions. Pistons play a key role in increasing engine efficiency by reducing weight and frictional losses. This has made it essential to devise and search unique and creative concepts and materials for Pistons repeatedly, which offers what the engine demands. In this work Aluminium Alloy-4032 has been selected as the piston material of a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine and the piston rings are made of grey cast iron and alloy steel. Piston is designed by analytical methods taking both thermal and structural effects into consideration, then modelled on CATIA V5 and the analysis of structural deformation due to thermal stresses has been done using Finite Element Analysis of Steady State Thermal and its effect on static structure using Analysis software ANSYS

A method to analyze and optimize hybrid electric architectures applied to unmanned aerial vehicles

PurposeThis paper addressed some critical issues in the development of hybrid electric powertrains for aircraft and propose a design methodology based on multi-objective optimization algorithms and mission-based simulations.Design/methodology/approachScalable models were used for the main components of the powertrain, namely, the (two stroke diesel) engine, the (lithium) batteries and the (permanent magnet) motor. The optimization was performed with the NSGA-II genetic algorithm coupled with an in-house MATLAB tool. The input parameters were the size of engine, the hybridization degree and the specification of the battery (typology, nominal capacity, bus voltage, etc.). The outputs were electric endurance, additional volume, performance parameters and fuel consumption over a specified mission.FindingsElectric endurance was below 30 min in the two test cases (unmanned aerial vehicles [UAVs]) but, thanks to the recharging of the batteries on-board, the total electric time was higher. Fuel consumption was very high for the largest UAV, while an improvement of 11 per cent with respect to a conventional configuration was obtained for the smallest one.Research limitations/implicationsThe research used a simplified approach for flight mechanics. Some components were not sized in the proposed test cases.Practical implicationsThe results of the test cases stressed the importance of improving energy density and power density of the electric path.Social implicationsThe proposed methodology is aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of aircraft.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology was obtained from the automotive field with several original contributions to account for the aircraft application.

Investigation on Performance of Diesel Engine by Using Waste Chicken Fat Biodiesel

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils and animal wastes. Waste chicken fat can be used to produce biodiesel. The performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine is made by using chicken waste biodiesel and blended with diesel fuel. An experimental investigation has been carried out for various blends B20, B40, B60 and the results were compared with diesel fuel. The biodiesel produced from waste chicken fat biodiesel was prepared by a method of transesterification. The effects of biodiesel addition to diesel fuel in the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a naturally aspirated DI compression ignition engine are examined. The engine performance was studied in a single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine set up. Parameters like fuel consumption at different loads for pure diesel fuel and various combinations of blend with diesel fuel. Brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were calculated and there was a slight increase in performance fueled with different blends. The use of transesterified chicken waste oil can be partially substituted for the diesel fuel at most operating conditions in terms of the performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification.

The Effect of Ball Diameter on Performance of Wet Scrubber with PVC Balls-Mesh Packing Material

Toxic pollutants and harmful flue gases resulting from combustion of fossil fuels in several industries are adversely effecting human and his environment. Packed towers, especially with wire mesh type mist eliminator pads are widely used to entrap these flue gas emissions before they enter into the atmosphere. But clogging of pads during the operation became a big problem which needs replacement with new one every time. The present work motivation is to develop and test, a exhaust fume-wet scrubber with new (PVC) balls-mesh replacing traditional packing material in which the spherical surfaces are going to make only point contact between them. Water (PH Value = 8.7) and lime water (PH Value = 12.3) sprinkled finely in modified air cooler body with 72 nozzles of 1mm in diameter and re-circulated for 100 minutes to purify stationary four stroke diesel engine exhaust. The diameter of the balls used, are varied such as 10cm, 5cm and 2.5cms and drain water samples, for every 20 minutes are collected to check PH values.

Evaluation of lubrication performance of crank pin bearing in a marine diesel engine

In this study, the lubrication performance of the crank pin bearing in a marine two–stroke diesel engine is evaluated to investigate the adhesional failure on the crank pin bearing. A numerical algorithm for the lubrication analysis considering motion analysis of the crank pin system is developed. The film pressure and thickness for three clearances and three lubricant temperatures are calculated. The results show that the lubricant temperature has a higher effect on film thickness than clearance. In terms of the film parameter, the operating condition that can result in solid–solid contact is investigated. We also suggest the desirable operating conditions of clearance and lubricant temperature to prevent the solid–solid contact.

Synergistic effect of hydrogen induction with biofuel obtained from winery waste (grapeseed oil) for CI engine application

The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the use of grapeseed oil as a fuel substitute obtained from biomass waste from winery industry and the synergic effect of hydrogen addition for compression ignition engine application. The experiments were carried out in a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine for various loads and energy share of hydrogen. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of grapeseed biodiesel, neat grapeseed oil and diesel have been analysed and compared with the results obtained with hydrogen induction in the intake manifold in dual fuel mode. At full load, maximum brake thermal efficiency of the engine with diesel, grapeseed biodiesel and neat grapeseed oil has increased from 32.34%, 30.28% and 25.94% to 36.04%, 33.97% and 30.95% for a maximum hydrogen energy share of 14.46%, 14.1% and 12.8% respectively. Although there is an increasing trend in Nitric Oxide emission with hydrogen induction, smoke, brake specific hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions respectively, reduces. Nitric oxide emission of Grapeseed biodiesel with maximum hydrogen share at full load is higher by 43.61% and smoke emission lower by 19.73% compared to biodiesel operation without hydrogen induction.

Emission Studies in CI Engine using LPG and Palm Kernel Methyl Ester as Fuels and Di-ethyl Ether as an Additive

The present study investigates the effectiveness of using di-ethyl ether (DEE) as the fuel additive in engine performance and emissions. Experiments are carried out in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine at constant speed. Two different fuels namely liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and palm kernel methyl ester (PKME) are used as primary fuels with DEE as the fuel additive. LPG flow rates of 0.6 and 0.8 kg/h are considered, and flow rate of DEE is varied to maintain the constant engine speed. In case of PKME fuel, it is blended with diesel in the latter to the former ratio of 80:20, and DEE is varied in the volumetric proportion of 1 and 2%. Results indicate that for the engine operating in LPG-DEE mode at 0.6 kg/h of LPG, the brake thermal efficiency is lowered by 26%; however, NOx is subsequently reduced by around 30% compared to the engine running with only diesel fuel at 70% load. Similarly, results of PKME blended fuel showed a drastic reduction in the NOx and CO emissions. In these two modes of operation, DEE is observed to be significant fuel additive regarding emissions reduction.

Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha methyl ester and graphene oxide additives

The present experimental study aims at investigating the impact of adding graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO) to neat Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) on a single cylinder air cooled direct injection four stroke diesel engine. The nano-fuels have been prepared from 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l concentrations of graphene oxide with neat Jatropha biodiesel through ultrasonication process. The graphene oxide nanoparticles crystallite size, morphology, and the chemical structures were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The compression ignition engine characteristics were investigated by the four JME-GO blends, and their results were compared with neat JME under various engine loads at a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. The results indicate that the diesel engine operated by JME-GO nano-fuels enhanced the brake thermal efficiency by 17% compared to neat JME fuel. Furthermore, the peak cylinder pressure, the highest rate of pressure rise, and maximum heat release rate were also increased by 8%, 6%, and 6%, respectively. The CO and UHC emissions were decreased significantly by 60% and 50%, respectively, for JME-GO blends compared to pure JME fuel. At high engine load, the NOx emission was reduced by 15% for JME-GO blends compared to pure Jatropha biodiesel. The results also illustrated that the concentration of 50 mg/L had the optimum improvement in the overall characteristics of engine performance and emissions.

Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Four-Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine by Using Rice Bran Oil as Fuel

This project is presented in context of research project at GITAM University to understand and improve the performance of Diesel engine by using different Blends. Biodiesel was distinguished as a potential option to petrodiesel fuel since it has fuel properties as diesel. Utilization of consumable oils in biodiesel will creates foundations at raise of costs, yet couple of edible oils, for example rice bran oil have prohibitive heating conditions when contrasted with non-edible oil are accessible in a few nations such as soybean oil in USA. Inside this job, the performance examination of single chamber, 4-stroke, and water-cooled diesel engine was done utilizing rice bran oil methyl ester as biodiesel contrasting option to diesel fuel. Trial tests have been directed with scope of engine loads utilizing rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME) and its diesel mixes with biodiesel in the proportion of B10, B20, B30 and B0 i.e., petrodiesel 100% by volume. In this exploration work, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are considered as engine execution attributes. The examination revealed that B20 mix of biodiesel has similar brake thermal efficiency as diesel. B20 has most minimal and has most astounding BSFC, BSEC after all the biodiesel mixes. B20R has shown practically identical execution as diesel and it can be considered as other option to diesel fuel.