Stroke Diesel Engine Research Articles

Prediction of Marine Diesel Engine Combustion Characteristic in Transient Condition By Using Seiliger Process Cycle

Modern diesel engine cycle can be predicted by applying variety of simulation methods. These models are used for optimization of engine parameters, investigation of control strategies or evaluation phenomena that are difficult to measure. In practice, using engine cycle simulation methods, the number of expensive experiments studies could be reduced and very useful result could be obtained for prediction of engine design parameters in a short period of time. Furthermore, these models are also used to test different solutions (technologies) or control strategies which can help to reduce fuel consumption, increase power output, reduce emissions to meet emission requirement. In diesel engine modeling process, in cylinder pressure measurement is the fundamental method to investigate the combustion process and an effective way to get insight into the combustion phenomena. The main objective of the paper is focusing on the transient modeling of marine two stroke diesel engine and calculating (prediction) the parameter of the cylinder process model by using the Seiliger cycle process. The research approach is carried out using data from a MAN-10L90MC diesel engine and mathematical model of the test engine is calculated by using Microsoft Visual 6.0 VC++ programming.

Effect of TBHQ on the Combustion Characteristics of Pomelo oil Biodiesel in a Compression Ignition Engine

Biodiesel is a biomass-based fuel. Biodiesel faces the difficult issue of storage stability. The storage stability of a biodiesel can be enhanced by adding an antioxidant to the fuel, which represses oxidation reactions that take place upon exposure to sunlight, heat, moisture, humidity, and metal. In the present study, biodiesel is synthesized from pomelo oil ( Citrus maxima ) and treated with a synthetic antioxidant called TBHQ (Tertiary butyl hydroquinone). The engine and emission performance of the biodiesel with TBHQ in various concentrations have been determined in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. It is observed that brake specific fuel consumption increases with the increasing concentration of TBHQ. Brake power stays unaltered for the biodiesel with or without TBHQ. Considerable reduction in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide has been observed for biodiesel irrespective of antioxidant treatment.

Influence of Canola Oil on the Emission and Performance Characteristics of Four Stroke Diesel Engine as a Bio Fuel

Influence of Canola Oil on the Emission and Performance Characteristics of Four Stroke Diesel Engine as a Bio Fuel

Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticle as an additive on the exhaust characteristics of diesel-water emulsion fuel blends

The present article details the exhaust characteristics of a CI engine fueled with diesel-water emulsion fuel blends and TiO2 nanoadditive incorporated emulsion fuel blends. BD with different concentrations of water and TiO2 nanoparticle were prepared using mechanical agitation, followed by an ultra-sonication process. The physiochemical properties of test fuel were measured based on EN590 standards, and the results show a good agreement with standard limits. The experiments were carried out in a single-cylinder, four stroke, and natural aspirated diesel engine under different BMEP conditions. The emission characteristics of test fuels show that the water emulsified BDs reduce the NOx and smoke emissions. The HC and CO emissions of water emulsified BD are seem to be higher at low-engine loads, and this trend is reversed at high-engine loads. 10% water in BD reduces the EGT by 8.8% at peak BMEP condition. An inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticle significantly improves the exhaust characteristics.

Investigation on gas conversion efficiency and filtration behaviour of diesel oxidation catalysis system

ABSTRACT The toxicity of automotive exhaust emissions can be reduced by pretreatment and post-treatment techniques out of which post-treatment techniques have proven to be more effective. A detailed study on the mechanism of reactions taking place inside the diesel oxidation catalysis (DOC) system is carried out in this paper. Experimental study has been carried out to determine the conversion efficiency of DOC system which is composed of cordierite substrate with a catalyst coating of platinum and palladium. Four DOC substrates with different catalyst loading have been used for experimentation and a comparative study has been conducted on the conversion efficiency of these substrates. Characterization of the DOC substrate is carried out using particle size analysis and atomic force microscopy techniques. Experimental analysis of the system is conducted in a multi-cylinder four stroke diesel engine with electrical dynamometer for loading. The results of experimental study showed that 400 cpsi ceramic DOC (35 g/ft3) has better conversion efficiency and performance among the DOC substrates considered in this work. Higher conversion efficiency is observed at full load condition which shows that the exhaust gas temperature plays a major role in the catalytic activity of DOC substrates.

Improvement of diesel engine startability under low temperatures by vortex tubes

Cold start is one of the most problematic combustion phases for diesel engines. During this phase, a large proportion of pollutants are produced within the cylinder due to misfiring and incomplete combustion due to the low engine temperatures. Furthermore, exhaust after-treatment devices work inefficiently since their minimum operation temperatures cannot be reached. In addition to this, at temperatures below 0 °C the possibility of continuous misfiring could actually impede the engine start. Ambient temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the diesel engine cold startability.The aim of this study is to improve diesel engine startability under low temperatures by vortex tubes. A vortex tube was used to increase the intake air temperature in a six cylinders, four stroke and direct injection diesel engine of a truck. The hot air obtained from the hot outlet of the vortex tube was mixed with the air coming from the inlet of the intake manifold and the warmer air was sent to the cylinders. The compressed air required for the operation of the vortex tube was provided from the air tank of the compressed-air brake system of the truck. The effects of variation in ambient temperature on the engine cranking speed and in-cylinder pressure were analyzed and presented. Experiments were conducted for ambient air temperatures of −5, 0 and +4 °C. It was found that the reduction in ambient temperature resulted in prolonged cranking periods along with the longer time taken to reach idling speed as well as increased combustion instability for the engine without vortex tube. The use of the vortex tube increased the intake air temperature, which decreased durations of engine starting–cranking, cranking–idling, and idling–stabling. These results indicate that the cold starting performance of the diesel engine could be improved by using vortex tubes.

Numerical Studies on Combustion Characterization of Four Stroke Diesel Engine

Combustion simulation helps us to predict the pollutant formation and allows us to understand various coupling phenomena of physical and chemical processes. Diesel engine combustion simulation requires models of the spray dynamics, chemistry and heat transfer. The interaction between the chemistry and turbulence is one of the major parameters which had been modelled. Combustion simulation has been carried out by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD model solves three-dimensional Naiver-Stokes equations with k-ε turbulence model. Combustion simulation has been carried out for one cycle by considering the two strokes compression and expansion with no load conditions. Fuel injection begins at 725 CA ends at 748 CA. Charge motion within the cylinder, turbulent kinetic energy, peak pressure rise, penetration length, and apparent heat release rate were analysed with respect to crank angle.

Experimental investigation on fuel properties and engine characteristics of biodiesel produced from Eruca sativa

This paper aims to consider the potential of Eruca sativa (ES) crops, which is a plant with a short production cycle and drought tolerance, for biodiesel feedstock source and to compare exhaust emissions and engine performance of using its biodiesel blends with pure diesel. Thus, ES methyl ester was produced through a transesterification reaction by using KOH as a catalyst. The fatty acid composition of ES biodiesel was determined by FTIR and GC–MS analysis and its properties were compared with ASTM biodiesel standard and regular diesel. The GC–MS analysis showed that oleic and palmitic acids were the main compounds in ES methyl ester. Then, biodiesel blends were injected into a single-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine at various speeds. Experimental tests revealed that using ES methyl ester led to reductions in HC and CO emissions substantially and NOx emissions moderately, whereas there was a minor rise in CO2 emissions. Moreover, a slight decrease in engine power and an increase in specific fuel consumption (5.3%) occurred, which are acceptable due to the reduction of exhaust emissions. Based on the results, ES biodiesel has the capability to apply in CI engines and to diminish emissions.

Performance Measure of CI Engine by Varyingblends with Different Proportions and Parameters

Many researchers have been working on alternative fuels and it blends in order to enhance the performance of automobiles. There are number of alternative fuel blends have been tested on automobile engines and their performances have been analyzed. In this present work, Methyl Ester from Waste cooking oil to be prepared and going to blend with Diesel with different ratios, is an alternative fuel. The experiment is going to be conducted on the air cooled four stroke Diesel engine using these blends with different proportions and nozzle injection pressures, finally its performance characteristics to be analyzed.

Experimentation of Emission Control on a Four Stroke Diesel Engine using an Eco-Friendly Silencer with Excess Air

Earth is suffering a lot due to Air pollution and degradation, we are in a position to save the earth from this. For that an invention should be made to prevent the earth. Even though a lot of pollution are happening in and around the earth, Air pollution seems to be a dangerous one. The main sources of air pollution are exhaust gases that is coming out of Automobiles and Industries. Taking this in mind, an invention has been found to overcome and reduce the exhaust gas that is coming out from engines. A typical silencer (Eco friendly Silencer) has been made to filter the pollutants that are coming from automobiles. After installing this silencer, the gases like NOx, CO, sulphur are analysed. This analysis is made using five gas analyser, and reduction of pollutants are measured periodically. After analysis, it is found that the noise and smoke level are reduced a lot. So this silencer will definitely been a tremendous invention to reduce pollutants. When compared to other silencer, this silencer is much cheaper, easy to install and no need of any Catalytic convertor. After making some improvisation, this silencer can also be used in Industrial Engines.

Spectral, In Vitro Biological, Engine and Emission Performances of Biodiesel Production from Chlorella protothecoides: A Sustainable Renewable Energy Source

In this research, microalgae species, Chlorella protothecoides was selected for biodiesel production due to its ability to produce large amount of hydrocarbons and oils with high lipid composition. The extracted bio-oil was characterized systematically by proximate, ultimate, spectral (FT-IR, UV–vis., GC–Mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR) and thermogravimetric (TG/DTA) techniques. The fuel characterization of the bio-oil was evaluated using standard methods. The bio-oil samples were examined for their notable in vitro antimicrobial as well as antioxidant activities. The engine parameters unlike brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency for three fuel samples namely diesel (B100), microalga biodiesel 20% blend (CB20) and microalga biodiesel 50% blend (CB50) along with their emission characteristics towards CO2, NOx, and HCs were measured. Chlorella protothecoides micro alga was selected for bio-oil extraction. The bio-oil extracted was characterized by proximate, elemental, spectral and thermogravimetric techniques and their biodiesel potentiality, the fuel properties were evaluated using standard methods, consequently compared to the standards. In addition, the bio-oil samples were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The fuel properties show that the microalgae bio-diesel has a cold filter plugging point (CFPP) around –13 °C with 4.5 h oxidation stability. The micro algal oil produces high efficiency (ηbth), low BSFC with lesser CO, (NO)x and hydrocarbons emissions with a single cylinder, water cooled, DI four stroke diesel engines using algae oil blends which is an alternative to diesel engine. Moreover, CB50 blend has a good combustion and emission characteristics when compared to CB20 and B100 fuels.

The use of waste transformer oil as alternative fuel in a diesel power generator

In this study, waste transformer oil (WTO) was investigated as a fuel candidate for a diesel power generator set in terms of its fuel and combustion characteristics. Kinematic viscosity, which is the most restrictive property of WTO (9.6 mm2/s at 40 oC), was measured on different blends with a conventional diesel fuel (in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% by volume) in order to detect the suitable blending ratio to be used in engine without any modification, and to propose some blending strategies to optimize engine performance and emissions. The blended fuels containing WTO up to 50% with diesel by volume were found to have a viscosity which is within standard value specified for conventional diesel fuels, i.e., 2.0-4.5 mm2/s in EN590, and in case 60% WTO, it agrees with EN14214 (3.5-5.0 mm2/s) alternative diesel fuel standards. It is also found that a fuel blend containing 20% WTO and 80% diesel have a kinematic viscosity and density which are very close to conventional diesel’ values. Therefore, WTO was blended with diesel at the rate of 20% by volume and then tested in a 4-stroke and 4-cylinder diesel engine powered generator set under constant speed-variable load conditions. Measured and calculated results were compared with the results of conventional diesel tested under the same conditions. Experimental results showed that specific fuel consumption, NOx and unburned HC emissions reduced when using blended fuel instead of conventional diesel. Cylinder gas pressure was higher for blended fuels than that of conventional diesel while the start of combustion was later in the case of blended fuels.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Cotton Seed and Hexanol Oil Biodiesel with CeO2 Additives on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

Energy utilization from renewable sources plays a vital role to meet the demands of theclean environment. Commercialization of biodiesel is comparatively less than the otheralternative sources due to its suitability and yield. In this paper, it is focused on performance and emission characteristics of cotton seed and hexanol oil biodiesel and in blended withcerium oxide as an additive. The blending proportion was made as B10, B15, B20, and100% Diesel. The testing was performed in Single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. The Performance characteristics were obtained in between the brake power withspecific fuel consumption and emission characteristics such as HC CO and NOXand other gases. It was observed that the combination of B15 proportion with CeO2 blendproduces effect results with other blends in specific fuel consumption and reduced emissionbehavior.

Анализ расчетов идеального и реального циклов двигателя внутреннего сгорания

The purpose of this article is to study the thermodynamic efficiency of the real cycle of the internal combustion engine. There are various methods for calculating the values of the main thermodynamic parameters of the efficiency factor and average pressure in the nodal points. According to the known data, these results significantly differ from the real ones. The most rational assessment of engine performance is the one using the proven methods. Today there are enough assessment methods of internal combustion engine efficiency, the main ones are entropy and exergy methods. The object of research is the exergy method since it is more versatile. Consideration is given to a 4-stroke diesel engine V-84, which is widely used in military equipment. The ideal and real cycles of the internal combustion engine are calculated. Their input parameters are taken from tactical and technical characteristics of the engine V-84. The exergy method applied to estimate the efficiency of both cycles serves the basis for building entropy vs enthalpy graphs. The latter demonstrate that the maximum losses occur in the real cycle. The conducted calculations allowed to obtain the dependences of the object exergy (object efficiency) on the level of energy dissipation, enthalpy. A graph of exergy variations at cycle control points is obtained. It is proposed to carry on further studies where to assess the reduction of the object performance when in operation. This can be used in the development of the actual technical condition-based operation strategy. The study results are proposed to be used in the comparison of experimental data with reference ones. Moreover, it is possible to predict the changes in the performance level by a generalized criterion, which is the exergy of the working medium.

Prediction of vibration and exhaust gas emission characteristics using palm oil with nano particle diesel fuel

Abstract The usage of biodiesel is one of the current trends in the development of reducing the environmental pollution due to the emission of toxic gases and annoying noise and vibration which affects the health of the automobile end users. Though many of the alternate bio fuels have been used by the research in the view of improving the performance of the diesel engines still some residual problems like to low frequency noise and emission in diesel engines are one of the challenging issues that have to be optimized. Here in this paper we are going to take an effort on analyzing the vibration and gas emission characteristics by using a new biodiesel additive called palm oil with the addition of the nano particle say titanium (IV) oxide and going to do the experimental procedure for ensuring the possibility of lesser vibration, and exhaust gas emission by using the Dewesoft applications, and the exhaust gas analyzer in four stroke diesel engines.

An Experimental Assessment on the Impact of Injection Pressure on the Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Powered with the Blend of Diesel and Microalgae Biodiesel

Microalgae was recognized as the sustainable energy feedstock for producing biofuels. Now bio-diesel produced from algal biomass is getting ready to address the energy crisis that the world would face tomorrow. This paper deals with the utilization of microalgae biodiesel at 30% blend, to investigate the influence of operating parameter such as injection pressure on the characteristics of a compression ignition engine. Microalgae crude oil was derived from chlorella vulgaries and it was converted into microalgae methyl ester (MME) using transesterification process. The desired test fuel was prepared by mixing of 30% MME with 70% pure diesel and designated as B30. The experiment was conducted on single cylinder four stroke diesel engine powered with B30 at various fuel injection pressures in the range of 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar. The experimental results showed that, no significant impact of modified injection pressures on BSFC, whereas BTE was increased maximum by 14.09% at 200 bar. The exhaust emissions such as CO, CO2, UHC and smoke opacity were improved mostly at 200 bar injection pressure, but NOX emission was increased, and increment in cylinder peak pressure was discovered only at 200 bar.

Emission reduction techniques in CI engine with catalytic converter

The issue of reduction of harmful pollutants emitted from an internal combustion engine has gained large prominence as a part of climate change and global warming. Automobile and power generation systems are identified to be one of the largest contributors to atmospheric pollution. Some of the major pollutants emitted from an engine are Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO), Unburnt Hydrocarbon (UBHC) and soot particles. This paper presents a catalytic converter with emission reduction catalysts to be used for compressed ignition engine. The catalytic converter is developed based on the catalyst materials consisting of metal oxides such as aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide coated with wire mesh filter. Both the catalyst materials – aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide are inexpensive in comparison with conventional catalysts such as palladium or platinum. The objective of this research work is to control the NOx emission and to develop a low-cost three way catalytic converter. This catalytic converter is assembled in the exhaust manifold region of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. The emissions from the engine are measured using a five gas analyser and the results are tabulated.

Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of karanja blended biodiesel in CI engine: effect of CR

This research presents the Karanja biodiesel blends as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics were carried out on a single cylinder with water cooled by four stroke diesel engine coupled with multigas analyzer. The suitability of biodiesel blends for combustion analysis were done by using fuel characterisation. Fuel properties such as density, calorific value kinematic viscosity, flash and fire points of the blends were evaluated according to ASTM standards. Based on fuel properties, Karanja biodiesel blends B20, B40 and B60 were selected for the study along with diesel fuel at different compression ratios 14, 16 and 18. From the observation, it shows that at 42% load, 1500rpm engine speed and CR-18, Karanja blended biodiesel B60 indicated shorter ignition delay, maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax), higher CHRR, higher BTE and reduced CO, HC emissions compared with the diesel fuel.

Performance study of a single cylinder diesel engine using diesel with Pongamia pinnata and Camelina sativa seed oil blends

Abstract Current paper studies the renewable energy of Camelina sativa biodiesel fuel which is having new fuel properties. Here Camelina sativa seed oil and Pongamia with equal proportions was used in the form of blends at various proportions with diesel. The blending ratios were taken as 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% respectively, used as fuel in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. Further the engine emissions of different fuel usage have been investigated. The results shows that SFC increased by 3.5% and brake thermal efficiency is decreased by 6%. The biodiesel reduced carbon monoxide by 5% compared to diesel, hydrocarbon emissions decreased by 4.1%.

The effect of palm biodiesel fuel on the performance of automotive four stroke diesel engine

The usage of biodiesel is been increased due to the shortage and cost inincrease of normal fuel in the market. The present investigation aims to explore the performance assessment of four stroke diesel engine using palm biodiesel. The palm biodiesel cannot be directly used as an alternative fuel so that the diesel and biodiesel is mixed with a concentration of (B10,D90), (B20,D80), (B30,D70), (B40,D60), (B100) and experimental investigation is experimental carried out on four stroke, double cylinder, to study engine performance.