Stressful State Research Articles

Physiological and Psychological Relaxation Effects of Fir Essential Oil on University Students.

Numerous studies have reported a significant increase in stress experienced by students owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, interest in stress management using nature-derived substances has increased. However, studies examining the effects of olfactory stimulation by fir are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and psychological effects of inhaling fir essential oil. Additionally, differences between male and female participants were compared. Twenty-six university students (16 female and 10 male students; mean age, 21.5 ± 1.9 years) participated in this study. Fir essential oil was used for olfactory stimulation, with normal room air as the control. The odor was administered for 3 min. Heart rate variability and heart rate were used as indicators of autonomic nervous system activity. The Profile of Mood States and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used as psychological indicators. The ln(Low Frequency/High Frequency) ratio, which is an indicator of sympathetic nervous activity reflecting a stressful or aroused state during stimulation with fir essential oil, was significantly lower than during the control condition. Assessment of psychological indicators showed that the positive mood of “vigor” improved significantly and negative moods of “tension–anxiety”, “depression”, “anger–hostility”, “fatigue” and anxiety levels reduced significantly after inhaling fir essential oil compared to the control condition. This study showed that inhalation of fir essential oil has physiologically and psychologically relaxing effects, with differences in results depending on the sex of the participants.

The effectiveness of complex treatment of purulent mastitis in cats

The article presents data on the effectiveness of the use of a new drug developed by us for the treatment of mastitis in cats, which includes the antibacterial drug ceftriaxone and Kalanchoe leaf dust. Due to the fact that mastitis in cats is now widespread, and also causes significant damage to owners of cat catteries, the problem of inflammation of the mammary gland is a matter of concern to veterinarians. Among veterinarians, the development and search for new economically and therapeutically effective methods of treating this pathology is urgent. When conducting studies on the basis of the North Caucasian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, it was found that therapy for feline mastitis using the antibacterial drug amoxicillin LA 15% twice with an interval of 48 hours at the rate of 1 ml of the drug per 10 kg of animal body weight, as well as the use of the developed us ointments based on the antibacterial drug ceftriaxone and Kalanchoe leaf dust twice a day for 5 days showed a high degree of effectiveness. The therapeutic efficiency of the proposed method of therapy was 100%, the recovery of the studied animals occurred on average on the 3rd day of using this method. Also, in the course of the studies, it was found that in the complex treatment of mastitis in cats using the ointment developed by us based on the antibacterial drug ceftriaxone and Kalanchoe leaf dust, as well as the antibacterial drug amoxicillin LA 15%, recovery occurs on average in 3.3 days, while the therapeutic the effect is 100%. When using only the antibacterial drug amoxicillin LA 15% twice with an interval of 48 hours at the rate of 1 ml of the drug per 10 kg of animal body weight, the duration of the therapeutic course averaged 4.7 days, which is 1.5 days more than in the experimental group. At the same time, it was also found that with mastitis in cats in the experimental and control groups, the body temperature significantly exceeds the physiological norm. After the treatment, both in the experimental and in the control group, the body temperature dropped to normal values. The parameters of the pulse and the number of respiratory movements per minute in the experimental and control groups of animals before the start of treatment exceeded the parameters of the physiological norm. After the treatment, the pulse and respiration in the studied cats were also at the upper limits of the norm. Such an excess of physiological indicators indicates a stressful state of animals, in which the number of heart beats and respiratory movements in cats increases as a result of transportation and contact with other animals and people. When analyzing these indicators of the morphological analysis of the blood picture of the studied animals, it was found that with mastitis in cats, the blood picture changes in the form of leukocytosis, an increased level of ESR. After the therapy in the experimental and control groups, the level of leukocytes and ESR decreased to normal values.

Modeling of extreme situations in the fire training of students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

The object of the research of this scientific article is the modeling of stress factors in students during fire training and ways to overcome them. The subject of the research is the psychological and pedagogical methodology of overcoming stress factors in the process of their modeling during fire training and ways to overcome these psychological phenomena. The purpose of the scientific article is to identify the most effective methods and methods of conducting fire training classes, which will be aimed at developing skills to overcome stress when handling firearms and ammunition. At the same time, attention is paid to strict compliance with safety measures when handling both training and combat weapons during training.The practical significance of the research carried out within the framework of this scientific article is to identify the most effective methods in overcoming the stressful states of students during fire training, necessary for practical application. The methodology of the conducted research is determined by its purpose and objectives. It is based on a systematic approach to the study of methods of training police officers in overcoming stressful conditions when using firearms. The research methodology used in writing the scientific article was implemented using the following methods: - structural and substantive analysis of scientific papers devoted to the topic of this study; - synthesis of the practical experience of police officers and regulatory legal acts on the topic of the study; - testing of the proposed methods of modeling extreme situations in fire training and ways to overcome them with students of study groups during practical classes.

Тріада «митець – влада – преса» у контексті соціальних комунікацій УРСР (1950–1980 рр.)

The purpose of the article is to define the role of creators and pressin formation of informational system in the Ukrainian Soviet Social Republic, to trace the dependence of creative personalities’ fates on their political positions, to show the meaning of creative personalities in formation the citizens’ consciousness. The research methods which enable reaching the set purpose and tasks are concrete-historical, sociological, systemic, comparative and factorial ones. Results and discussion. The article explores the problem of a creative person’s activity under the conditions of totalitarianism. It is proved, that creative people in the soviet epoch experienced a painful choice: either to glorify the party for gaining fame or to truly show life and be persecuted. The people who were free and disobedient and did not compromiseon principle were persecuted. The political repressions cultivated stressful states. The fear of the regime paralyzed human spirit, generated conformism, which transformed into serving. Conformists lived according to the will of the party performing its requirements and their fate depended on that.Some of the creative intelligence representatives did not publish some of their works keeping them up to the better times in order to follow their inner principles and at the same time not to get in trouble. In spite of the censorship there were attempts to tell the truth in the official press. Conclusions. The problem of a creative person’s activity under the conditions of totalitarianism is a complicated and multi-vector phenomenon. The journalism provided a severe struggle with the display of creativity freedom due to requirements of the communist party. Analyzing the moral aspect of a creative person in the period of totalitarianism, one should not reprove the creators of those times because of their party “idol worship”. What is more important is that under any circumstances real personalities did not lose their human nature and acted as the truth defenders on any occasion. Even under the conditions of the soviet regime for many people publicistic activity wascreativity, but not the way of earning. Key words: Marxism-Leninism, totalitarian system, soviet creative people, soviet journalism, independent information, freedom of creativity, public consciousness

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ЭМПИРИЧЕСКИХ ЗАВИСИМОСТЕЙ ОСЕВОЙ СИЛЫ ПРИ СВЕРЛЕНИИ ЗАГОТОВОК ИЗ СПЛАВА Д16 В УПРУГОДЕФОРМИРОВАННОМ СОСТОЯНИИ

Improving the efficiency of the drilling is an important task in the engineering. Supported by improved board drilling in metal parts, which before drilling elastically deform in the region below the limit of proportionally, which ensures the immutability of other sizes. The experimental way was semi-centered dependence of the axial force when performing blanks from duralumin D16 in elasticly stressful state. These dependences allow you to select the Cor-Rubber cutting modes when drilling parts from duralumin D16.

Clinical usefulness of infrared thermography to detect sick animals: frequent and current cases

Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) is a tool that has been studied extensively in the experimental medical field as a method for assessing surface thermal responses under various conditions. These may involve local inflammatory processes resulting from surgical procedures, wounds, neoplasms, pathologies, painful events, or stressful states in animals. IRT measures changes in blood flow in surface blood capillaries and the resulting heat radiation. In the clinical field, thermography has been used as a support method for detecting painful conditions. However, some guidelines indicate that it could be applied for assessing and monitoring animals in rehabilitation to quantify objectively possible improvements in their quality of life. Similarly, it has been observed that IRT makes it possible to assess the degree of circulation in dermal tissue, suggesting that it could be used to determine the degree of damage in traumatized tissue in cases of thromboembolic diseases and burns. This would be useful to distinguish between damaged and healthy tissue and thus determine the optimal therapy for burn patients. This review aims to analyze scientific evidence on the clinical applications of IRT for detecting diseases and assessing painful conditions. A literature search on different databases was performed to recover articles related to the application of IRT as a complementary diagnostic tool, as well as its potential for assisting in rehabilitation, monitoring wounds, and evaluating body temperature in domestic animals.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВЗАЄМОЗВ'ЯЗКУ ЖИТТЄСТІЙКОСТІ ТА ТРИВОЖНОСТІ

The article describes the hardiness of the individual. It is represented by a set of attitudes, skills that provide courage, courage, bravery, and strategies that should turn stressors into opportunities for growth. Three main components are revealed: risk involvement, control and acceptance and their functions. It is determined that a person who has a high level of hardiness has a stable psychological and physical health, well adapted to the social space. It is noted that hardiness exists on three levels: psychophysiological (optimal responses to stress), socio-psychological (effective self-regulation) and personal-semantic (meaningfulness and positive worldview). Also, the essence of personality anxiety is characterized, it is presented as a certain emotional state of a person that arises under conditions of probable surprises in the case of postponement, delay of pleasant situations, and while waiting for trouble. It was found that anxiety can be both situational and personal. It is emphasized that situational anxiety arises from a stressful state or stimulus that affects a person at a particular time, and personal anxiety, in turn, is a personality trait that characterizes a person as prone to constant anxiety. Also identified and characterized are anxiety, neurotic, and moral anxiety. It is emphasized that anxiety can be a factor in mental problems, neuroses and fears. The article analyzes the results of an empirical study on the peculiarities of the manifestation of hardiness and anxiety of students. In particular, it was found that the average level of hardiness prevails among young people (45%) and the average level of anxiety, which tends to be high (33%). There is also a direct correlation between students' resilience and anxiety. It was proved that the subjects who had a low level of hardiness had a high level of anxiety, and the subjects who, in turn, had a high and medium level of hardiness, had a low or medium level of anxiety, which tended to low.

Foetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy with Burn Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Pregnancy is a state of an altered physiological process, and a burn injury during pregnancy, serves as an additive factor to this stressful state, such that it can directly or indirectly affect the feto-maternal outcome. Aim: To find out the effects of burn injury in pregnant females, in terms of maternal and foetal outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, done in collaboration with the Department of Surgery at Rajashri Dashrath Autonomous State Medical College, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India, from September 2019 to November 2021, on 22 pregnant patients. All 22 confirmed cases of pregnancy with burn injury were included. Cases were evaluated in terms of age-wise distribution, parity, gestational age/ trimester of pregnancy, cause of burn injury, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) distribution, the relation of TBSA distribution with foetal and maternal mortality, and events associated with the burn injury. Data was analysed using trial version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: Mean age of pregnant patients with burns was 25.22±2.3 years. Thirteen (59.09%) patients with burn injuries were married for one to three years, incidence was more in primigravidae 14 (63.63%). Domestic violence and suicide attempts accounted for 12 (54.54%) cases. Kerosene and gas explosions were a major cause of burn injury, that is 16 (72.72%)and 5 (22.72%) respectively. Sixteen (72.72%) patients had burns with TBSA between 31-50%. Foetal mortality was 15 (68.18%) and maternal mortality was 14 (63.63%). Conclusion: Feto-maternal outcome was directly related to TBSA involved in burns. Illiteracy, and cultural practices like the use of earthen lamps, wood, and charcoal used for cooking, were some of the important causes of burn injury.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHASES OF THE ANNUAL TECHNOLOGICAL CYCLE ON THE DYNAMICS OF RUMINATOR ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY COW MILKING

In a long-term experiment on red-spotted dairy cows using the SCR Heatime HR-IR system, the nature of rumination in animals was studied. The experiment involved 10 dairy cows, which were observed during the year-round physiological cycle.Studies have shown that the phase of the physiological cycle is not significantly affected by the term rumination. Rumination gradually increases after calving from 254 to 510 from 1 to 62 days of lactation, and then stabilizes at 505-509 minutes per day. Then, due to the change in the composition of the diet during the transition from the first to the second phase of lactation, the level of rumination temporarily increases for 5-7 days to 562 minutes, and then stabilizes again at 536-538 minutes.In the third phase of lactation there is a gradual decrease in rumination and at the time of launch it becomes minimal for the second phase - 505 minutes.In the dry phase, rumination gradually decreases close to the time of birth. In some cows, it is completely absent for several hours. After childbirth, the duration of rumination again gradually increases and returns to normal by 45-55 days of lactation.The level of rumination in cows is closely and directly correlated with the content of fiber in the diet. At optimal fiber levels, rumination in cows ranges from 505-540 minutes per day. When the concentration of fiber exceeds the optimal level, it goes beyond the normal level in the greater direction, and the reduction of fiber to less than 16 -18 % of dry matter, becomes insufficient for normal physiological digestion of the diet.The indicator of the term rumination can be used to characterize the norm of fiber concentration in the diet. Rumination and its dynamics can serve as a reliable test of the physiology of digestion of cows and characterize the stressful state of the cow's body. Healthy cows have the highest rumination rates at the time of transition from the second to the third phase of lactation.The intensity of rumination decreases more than twice in the naturally stressful moments of the physiological state of cows during the transition from one phase of the physiological cycle to another, in the last three weeks of pregnancy and during calving.Rumination in cows is directly and closely correlated with the level of fiber in the diet - andan increase in fiber increases the duration of rumination in animals.Reducing the level of fiber in the diet of cows below the optimal level leads to a significant reduction in rumination and its departure from the physiological norm.

Sleep loss and the skin: Possible effects of this stressful state on cutaneous regeneration during nocturnal dermatological treatment and related pathways.

Cutaneous homeostasis can be modulated by sleep. Although there is little evidence about the efficacy of medications topically applied in the morning compared to those administered in the evening, they are commonly prescribed to be used overnight. Poor sleep may affect the tegument, but its repercussion on dermatological therapy is not clear. This communication aims to carry out an overview on the relationship between sleep and the skin, particularly in respect of the effectiveness of topical substances during the night versus the day; and the possible impact of sleep dysregulation on these treatments. Features related to this external organ, involving hydration, blood flow, and the permeability of the superficial barrier have physiological variations in sleep period. Our hypothesis is that sleep loss could alter drug absorption in the dermis and impair the success of the treatment. This can depend on the integrity of the mechanical skin barrier, and the enzymatic process after drug penetration, which may be influenced by the circadian rhythm. We raise the role of sleep disturbance in relation to skin aging and the cutaneous microbiota. The organ integrity and local immunology can be guided by sleep distress, which can modify the control of dermatological diseases. Future comparative analyses are warranted to explore the possible changes of the integumentary system influenced by circadian rhythm, and interference in response to topical dermal treatments. We emphasize the importance of sufficient sleep to improve the clinical management of several dermatosis and cosmetic complaints that need percutaneous therapeutics.

Metabolomic profiles in zebrafish larvae following probiotic and perfluorobutanesulfonate coexposure

Probiotic supplements are able to attenuate the developmental toxicity of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) pollutant. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. To this end, the present study acutely exposed zebrafish larvae for 4 days to 0 and 10 mg/L of PFBS, with or without the addition of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the rearing water. The metabolomics approach was used to reveal the combined effects of PFBS and probiotics on metabolic dynamics, based on which gene transcriptions, enzymatic activities, and behavioral endpoints were further examined. The results showed that probiotic supplements were the major driver of the metabolomic fingerprints in coexposed zebrafish larvae. The addition of probiotic bacteria significantly decreased the methylation potential whilst up-regulating the demethylation process of genomic DNA, which may globally stimulate the gene expression to improve somatic growth. Acute exposure to PFBS significantly increased the cortisol concentration in zebrafish larvae, subsequently inducing stress response and hyperactive behavior. In contrast, probiotic supplementation promoted the degradation of cortisol, thus alleviating the stressful state. Antagonistic action of probiotics against PFBS developmental toxicity was also noted regarding the locomotor behavior. In addition, gut microbiota-mediated production of secondary bile acids was remarkably enhanced by probiotic supplements regardless of PFBS exposure. Overall, the present study underlines the efficacy of probiotic bacteria to protect zebrafish larvae from the metabolic disturbances of PFBS, thereby providing more evidence to support the application of probiotics in aquaculture and fishery as an environmentally-friendly choice.

The Stressful State of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Fellow Job Search Process

Introduction: The workforce of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (PHO) has been evolving over the last decade. Recently, fellowship application volume has declined, with almost half of the programs at least partly unfilled during the previous MATCH. A perceived paucity of PHO jobs for graduating fellows may exacerbate this declining interest in the field. By surveying fellows, fellowship program directors, and PHO division chiefs, this study aims to investigate PHO fellows' preparation for, and experience with, the search for an initial faculty position.Methods: After pilot testing with faculty and fellows, all PHO division chiefs and program directors from 115 programs (N=222) were invited to complete the survey and to disseminate the instrument to their fellows. The survey included questions on demographics, job search preparation, job search experiences including barriers and helpful tools, and consequences for well-being such as stress and anxiety.Results: Some programs chose not to participate, evidenced by representation from 35 states, and many states with multiple fellowship programs only had one response from program leadership. A total of 166 individuals responded to all questions, representing approximately 24% response rate. Of the participants 83 were fellows and 83 were program leaders including fellowship program directors and division chiefs. Nearly 82% (n=136/166) of all respondents believe that PHO fellows are struggling to find a job that aligns with their goals.Program leaders identified common barriers influencing fellows' job search including geographic constraints (N=60/83, 73%) followed by only a few jobs available (N=51/83, 61%), clinical focus constraints (N=43/83, 52%), and few positions being posted (N=41/83, 49%). Fellows who have started the job search process commonly reported geographic constraints as a barrier (N=26/46, 57%), followed by partner employment opportunities (N=17/46, 37%), and their own clinical interests (N=15, 33%). Of 42 open-ended responses written by fellows, almost half (N=18/42, 43%) cited limited number of jobs available, and 21% (N=9/42) cited difficulties related to job postings.Almost half of fellows (47%, n=37/79) reported a lack of formal education on the job search process, as opposed to less than 10% of leadership (n=8/83) who agreed. When offered, education most commonly involved strategies for CV building (37%, n=31/83) and less frequently focused on the rest of the job process including negotiation, job talking, interviewing, and writing cover letters.Nearly all (N=79/83, 95%) of program leaders believe that fellows are somewhat/extremely stressed about the job search process. 75% (n=59/79) of fellows self-reported feeling somewhat/extremely stressed due to the job search process. Nearly 20% (n=15/79) of fellows self-reported severe anxiety over the job search process, and another 25% (n=21/79) reported moderate anxiety.Conclusions: This study highlights numerous shortcomings in the job search process among PHO fellows. A majority perceive difficulty securing a job which aligns with one's goals. While geography was the most cited barrier, finding a position with the optimal clinical focus was also problematic, a finding especially worrisome given the increasing popularity of additional 4 th year fellowship training in PHO. Other commonly recognized challenges surround the number of positions available as well as how those positions are publicized. Importantly, the job search may negatively impact wellness. Fellows' reports of stress and anxiety surrounding the job search, also acknowledged by program leaders should prompt change.Next steps include follow up studies including qualitative interviews to better understand the fellows' experiences, development of educational programs to prepare fellows for the job search process, enhanced career counseling, as well as improved support programs focused on the relevant stressors. Educational interventions to help prepare CVs, cover letters, and practice interviewing or negotiation may be able to help alleviate some of the stress fellows experience while undergoing the job search process. These data represent a need to further understand the PHO workforce to determine why fellows and leadership sense difficulty in securing a position that aligns with one's goals, as well as whether these perceptions represent the realities of the current workforce. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Intervention of the medical-psychological emergency unit with the carers during Covid-19

The medical-psychological emergency units have been meeting with care teams to discuss their experiences and feelings about Covid-19 for a little over a year. This preventive approach allows for psycho-education and the identification of stressful states.

Psychological Stress Is a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in College Students.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial disease. This cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate relationship between stress and risk for T2DM in college students. Seven-hundred participants (350 T2DM risk and 350 non-T2DM risk groups). Stress index levels and heart rate variability (HRV) were respectively measured as primary and secondary outcomes. Results showed that both T2DM-risk and non-T2DM-risk groups had temporary stress, but the T2DM-risk group had significantly higher level of psychological stress (P < .001). For the HRV, the T2DM-risk group had significantly lower levels of parasympathetic proxies (lnHF, SDNN, and RMSSD) (P < .001). Chi-square (χ2) test showed significant correlation of the stressful state with T2DM risk (χ2 = 159.372, P < .001, odds ratio (OR) = 9.326). In conclusion, psychological stress is a risk factor for T2DM in college students. Early detection, monitoring, and treatments of psychological stress should be implemented in this group of population.

Study of Brain Radio Signals Using Bispectral Analysis

Using a special sensor (probe antenna-applicator), radio signals emitted by the human brain are recorded. The changes of different parameters are investigated while studying different physical and emotional states of people. The studies are carried out using spectral and bispectral analysis in the LabVIEW environment. It is shown that in a stressful state the bispectrum of the brain’s radio signal is significantly enriched, and many phase coupled spectral components appear. They undergo changes in their amplitude and frequency. The results of these studies may be useful for understanding the nature and identification of fast processes in the human brain.

RESEARCH OF THE ROLLING PROCESS WITH A SCREW WORKING SURFACE

Recently, in Ukraine and in other countries, special attention is paid to the quality and technological heredity of finished products, which receive metal treatment by pressure. One of the important tasks in the production of parts is to ensure the high quality of the working surfaces and improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the surface layer of their material. One of the most economical and effective ways of solving this problem is to strengthen details by surface plastic deformation (PPE), which allows to more fully realize the potential properties of structural materials in real details of complex structure and in details with stress concentrators. Using the methods of deformability theory, the value of the resource used and its dependence on the parameters of the process of surface plastic deformation is determined at the design stage. It is necessary to have information about the stress-strain state in the deformation cell and the laws of its change, depending on the parameters of the process of surface plastic deformation. The most effective direction for improving the technology of roughing roller is the choice of rational parameters of the geometry of the tool and process technology. Analyzing the obtained results it can be concluded that there is a significant nonmonotonic deformation due to the fact that there is a wave in front of the roller in which there is a stress tension, while under the roller there is a stressful state of comprehensive compression. In addition, when changing the direction of obstruction, the sign of tangential stresses, which contributes to the partial recovery of microcracks and, consequently, to reduce the value of the used resource of plasticity. According to the results of researches, it was established that the optimal mode is treatment, in which a tool with three turns is used and the routing is performed once in two opposite directions. This allows you to increase the hardness of the original workpiece almost twice and get a surface with a minimum roughness. The obtained results show the advantage of nonmonotonic deformation, as in these cases, with the same degree of deformation of the surface layer of the metal, the resource of plasticity in the first case is much smaller.

Стресс и качество жизни после перенесенной транзиторной ишемической атаки

Актуальность. Преходящие ишемические атаки являются одним из вариантов развития острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения и занимают значительное место среди патологии нервной системы. В качестве осложнений они характерны для течения гипертонической болезни. В клиническом течении атак отсутствует визуализация очагов поражения мозга и наблюдается инволюция неврологической симптоматики в течение 24 часов. Преходящие ишемические атаки являются неотложным состоянием, вызывают значительную стрессовую реакцию личности, которая оставляет после себя изменения в психической сфере. Исследование этих факторов крайне недостаточно, хотя они имеют большой вес для прогноза и проведения своевременной адекватной психокоррекции в составе профилактики развития повторных ишемических проявлений. Цель: работа направлена на изучение характеристик воздействия на сферы личности стрессового состояния после перенесенной транзиторной ишемической атаки у больных гипертонической болезнью и способов их психокоррекции. Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимали участие 114 больных гипертонической болезнью II–III стадии в возрасте от 55 до 65 лет, среди которых 59 перенесли транзиторную ишемическую атаку с госпитализацией. Протокол исследования был составлен в соответствии с Хельсинкской декларацией. Исследование проведено в амбулаторных условиях через 30–45 дней после выписки из больницы. Для обследования применяли клинико-патологическое исследование, психодиагностическое исследование с использованием методик: шкала Спилбергера — Ханина для определения тревожности, тест «Диагностика копинг-стратегий Хайма», опросник качества жизни Всемирной организации здравоохранения. Результаты обрабатывались статистическими методами с вычислением достоверности. Результаты. После перенесенной транзиторной ишемической атаки у больных обнаружили признаки хронического психического стресса, что подтверждалось высокими уровнями реактивной и личностной тревожности. Установлено, что в результате перенесенной транзиторной ишемической атаки у пациентов менялись копинг-стратегии в сторону уменьшения степени адаптивности. Больше изменялись эмоциональные, а за ними — когнитивные стратегии, что выражалось в появлении непродуктивных и слабопродуктивных способов реагирования. На этом фоне наблюдали увеличение продуктивных поведенческих стратегий. У больных также наблюдалось снижение качества жизни в большинстве сфер. Возможно, это было следствием хронического психического стресса перед угрозой повторного приступа и инсульта, наличием дезадаптации из-за необходимости изменений поведения и образа жизни. К этому приводили внутреннее сопротивление, разрушение привычных стереотипов и отсутствие соответствующих стратегий компенсаторного поведения. Установлена повышенная значимость показателей качества жизни, особенно личностного характера, что связано с ограничениями из-за наличия болезни. Проведение индивидуальной психокоррекции после транзиторной ишемической атаки позволило достичь значительных результатов в улучшении адаптации пациентов.

Socio-psychological adaptation in the context of the trend of transition to a remote work format

Digital technologies have become firmly embedded in all spheres of our life. Presently, it is almost impossible to imagine a single day without the use of gadgets and electronic devices. An important place in the modern world is occupied by the problem of socio-psychological adaptation, which takes place in the process of digitalization. Managers pay attention to the adaptation process of new employees, but they do not always take into account that the transition to a remote format of work for most employees can cause a stressful state. Therefore, it is so important to organize comfortable conditions during the adaptation period to new working conditions. The article considers the socio-psychological features that allow them to pass most effectively the adaptation period in the conditions of the tendency to switch to a remote format of work. The most distinctive characteristics are highlighted, in which the adaptation is as successful as possible.

A Comparison of Fatigue, Level of Physical Activity, and Sleep Quality in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Nurses Working 16-Hour Night Shifts in Japan

Background: Most medical institutions require long work hours, making nurse health risk an important issue. Methods: This longitudinal study involved 26 pregnant and non-pregnant Japanese nurses in whom we compared fatigue, intensity of physical activity, and quality of sleep for each working time throughout the course of the day shift, night shift, and day off. Results: Subjective fatigue increased after each shift. The cumulative fatigue symptoms index (CFSI) score was higher in non-pregnant nurses. Continued sympathetic nerve predominant state and higher activity level were found in non-pregnant nurses compared to pregnant nurses. Conclusion: Non-pregnant nurses had a higher level of fatigue according to CFSI, and they were in a stressful state throughout the night shift.

Approaches towards studying the concept of coping behavior in Russian and foreign scientific research

The subject of this research is the phenomenon of coping behavior in Russian and foreign scientific research. The object of this research is the approaches towards studying the concept of coping behavior. The goal lies in the attempt to systematize the approaches towards studying the concept of coping behavior in Russian and foreign scientific research. Methodology is based on the scientific-analytical review on the topic of coping behavior in the works of Russian and foreign researchers. The novelty lies in detailed examination such aspect as the approaches towards studying the concept of coping behavior in scientific research. It is underlined that the problem of coping behavior has been studied in foreign psychology since the 1960s; however, in Russian literature it is a fairly new direction. The theoretical framework for foreign research is comprised of the existing representations on the nature of psychological defense mechanisms, cognitive strategies, and stresses. Special attention is given to explanation why some individuals a resilient to stress, while others face difficulties to overcome stressful states. The author&amp;rsquo;s contribution lies in consideration of foreign experience and representations on the nature of psychological defense mechanisms, cognitive strategies, and stresses. The article analyzes coping behavior using the concepts of psychological defense, personal determinants, problem event, style of coping, pathological processes, and stress factor. The main conclusion is as follows: initially, an individual identifies a problem event as dangerous and unstable; and then, for choosing the way of coping, assesses the impact and characteristics of stress factor, and personal traits.