Stress Reduction Techniques Research Articles

Effect of Meditation, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, and Relaxation Techniques as Mind-Body Medicine Practices to Reduce Blood Pressure in Cardiac Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Elevated blood pressure is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Available evidence on mind-body medicine (MBM) techniques on blood pressure is inconclusive and provides conflicting results. The objective of the current systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of MBM techniques on blood pressure in patients with cardiovascular disease. Randomized control trials (RCTs) done between the years 2000 and 2020 on cardiovascular disease, using MBM techniques such as meditation, mindfulness-based stress reduction and relaxation techniques were searched through electronic databases such as PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health (CINAHL), EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Three authors independently performed article selection, data extraction and validation. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) estimated for the effect size. Fifteen RCTs with 927 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among the studies was very high for all analyses (I2>94%). For studies comparing systolic blood pressure, MBM interventions show a significant (p=0.01) effect when compared to conventional treatment, an overall estimated effect size of SMD - 0.78 (95% CI: -1.36, -0.20). For studies comparing the diastolic blood pressure, MBM intervention did not show any significant effect when compared to the conventional treatment, an overall effect size of SMD -0.26 (95% CI: -0.91, 0.39). The findings of the meta-analysis suggest that MBM interventions may improve systolic blood pressure alone in patients with cardiac diseases. With high heterogeneity and low quality of the included studies, more robust evidence is required before suggesting MBM as an effective treatment modality for reducing blood pressure in cardiovascular diseases.

Teaching stress reduction techniques including biofeedback for managing stress in medical students

IntroductionMedical students have been under immense pressure throughout their studies, impacting their mental health and academic performance. Stress reduction is a fundamental skill that all students require to manage their studies and lives efficiently. Biofeedback devices providing information about physiological states have been shown to aid stress reduction. Methods to reduce stress should be taught to medical students to help them tackle the challenges of medical school.ObjectivesOur goal was to teach stress reduction methods such as extracurricular activities and paced breathing aided by biofeedback training and its application in simulated healthcare situations to medical students.Methods15 medical students who completed medical physiology were recruited for an elective course of 7 sessions on practical techniques in stress management. One credit was offered to those who completed the course requirements consisting of participation in sessions and individual biofeedback training. Sessions (classes) consisted of presentations on good sleeping and eating patterns, group simulations of stressful hospital environments, visiting a science centre with interactive displays, an orchestra performance, and nature walks. Before biofeedback training, heart and respiration rates were taken individually by a biofeedback device during the first week of the course. Data was processed using a code created in statistical software. Heartbeats per minute and heart rate variability (HRV) for every 10 seconds were calculated and plotted on a graph. Two measurements were taken with each student: a baseline measurement for 10 minutes and another measurement during controlled breathing paced at 6 breaths per minute for 15 minutes, of which the first 10 minutes were used for calculation and plotting. Students provided narrative feedback in an essay submitted after the course was completed.Results5 males and 10 females from years 2-5 registered for the elective, and 12 participated in individually scheduled sessions. Heart beats per minute decreased, whereas HRV increased during paced breathing sessions in 83% of them. Most students reported feeling calm and drowsy during the sessions, and 2 students fell asleep by the end.Feedback from 11 students showed that the music session and the science centre visit were the highlights throughout the elective. Improvements recommended were to have a consistent time slot for all sessions and fewer simulations.Conclusions In concert with the literature, biofeedback training seems to be a feasible and effective method for relaxation in medical students. This method could be offered as part of mental health services for students. Data could be used to follow students’ progress and identify those requiring extra support. Providing them with avenues to de-stress while emphasizing activities outside medicine could boost their confidence and improve their coping skills.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Perceived Stress, Salivary Cortisol, and Temperament Traits among Students of Dental Medicine: A Prospective and Interventional Study.

Academic stress affects students' psychological and physiological well-being. Dental undergraduate programs are known for their demanding curriculum, leading to significant stress symptoms. The objective was to determine if salivary cortisol levels were higher in students exposed to academic stress, assess the relationship between stress severity/temperament and cortisol values, and explore relaxation technique effects. Salivary cortisol was measured at two time points for all participants: Before exams and during a relaxation period after summer break. A third measurement was conducted for students with high pre-test cortisol levels who received instructions on progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) before subsequent exams. Additionally, participants completed two questionnaires: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Fisher's Temperament Questionnaire. The group analysis based on the PSS indicated that 39 participants reported high stress. Women demonstrated significantly higher stress than men (p = 0.042054). A significant difference in stress levels was observed between director and builder temperament types (p = 0.029276). Cortisol levels showed a significant decrease from the first measurement to the second measurement, and the third measurement after implementing PMR. The grade in the "Dermatovenereology" course correlated with stress level according to the PSS (k = 0.578467). Pre-test cortisol levels correlated with the frequency of using PMR guidelines during winter test periods (k = 0.416138). Stress negatively affects the immune system and poses health risks. Implementing stress reduction techniques in dental/medical education could benefit students and the healthcare system.

The Effects of Psychological Interventions on Menstrual Health in Exercising Women: A Comprehensive Experimental Study

Purpose. This comprehensive experimental study explores the effects of psychological interventions on menstrual health in physically active women. The research aims to investigate the influence of stress reduction techniques, body image enhancement programs, and counseling on menstrual irregularities, stress levels, body image perceptions, and psychological well-being. It also examines the interplay between psychological factors and menstrual health, contributing to women's reproductive well-being. Material & Methods. The study employs a rigorous randomized controlled trial design with 40 physically active women aged 18-23. Participants are divided into an intervention group receiving psychological interventions and a control group without interventions. The interventions include mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, mirror affirmations, media literacy workshops, and gratitude journaling. Data is collected over six months through menstrual calendars, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Body Image Assessment Scale, and the Psychological Well-being Scale. Statistical analyses involve repeated measures ANOVA and regression analyses. Results. The intervention group experiences significant improvements in menstrual regularity, stress reduction, body image perception, and psychological well-being. Menstrual regularity significantly improves (p<0.001), stress levels decrease (p<0.001), body image perception improves (p<0.001), and psychological well-being enhances (p<0.001). Correlations indicate positive relationships between psychological well-being and menstrual regularity (r=0.31, p=0.021) and negative relationships with stress levels (r=–0.42, p<0.001) and body image perception (r=0.28, p=0.031). Conclusion. This study demonstrates the positive impact of psychological interventions on menstrual health, stress reduction, body image perception, and psychological well-being in physically active women. The findings underscore the potential of integrating psychological strategies into women's healthcare, offering holistic approaches to address both menstrual irregularities and related psychological concerns.

Psychological Counseling Model Proposal for Reducing Violence in Emergency Services

Violence is destructive and abrasive for patients and their relatives as well as for healthcare workers. Violence, which leads to various emotional and physical injuries, job dissatisfaction, and absenteeism, causes fatal mistakes and has a negative impact on service quality. On the other hand, the patient and his relatives may be anxious, nervous, sensitive or inclined to show anger behavior due to the situation they are in. These summarized reasons can bring the healthcare worker and patient, who should be on the same side, and their relatives face to face. However, healthcare professionals and patients share a common goal and have to act together. Accordingly, it is thought that when the causes of violence are eliminated for both groups, violence will decrease to a large extent. In this context, efforts should be made to identify and eliminate the psychological and social reasons that lead people to act aggressively in order to prevent violence in the emergency room. The proposed model aims to build a bridge of compassion between healthcare workers and patients and their relatives, while also providing psychological support to healthcare workers and patients and their relatives, training healthcare workers in communication, compassion, empathy and emotion management, and teaching stress-reducing techniques to prevent violence in emergency services. Various search engines were used in the literature search. The search terms were determined as "violence in an emergency", "causes of violence", "prevention of violence" and "violence in health", but studies involving environmental risk management and security measures were excluded.

The role of trait mindfulness in shaping the perception of stress, including its role as a moderator or mediator of the effects of personality

Stress reduction techniques, such as mindfulness, have been gaining popularity over the last few decades with research focus shifting toward understanding the factors that contribute to why certain individuals are more likely to benefit from stress reduction techniques compared to others. Mindfulness and personality traits are two factors that have been examined to help explain some of the individual differences in the perception of stress. Thus, the present study aimed to increase our understanding of the relationships between personality traits, mindfulness, and perceived stress. A total of 266 adults (70 % female; age range: 18–64 years; age (M ± SD): 34 ± 13) participated an online survey. A hierarchical multiple regression indicated that 58 % of the variance in perceived stress was explained by personality and mindfulness. Trait mindfulness-attention significantly moderated the relationship between agreeableness and perceived stress. Effect size calculations showed that 57 % of the variation in perceived stress was attributed to neuroticism mediated by mindfulness, attention, and acceptance. Furthermore, 51 % of the variance in perceived stress was attributed to agreeableness mediated by mindfulness (attention and acceptance).

Increases in stress and adverse childhood experiences are associated with the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression in oncology patients

Purpose Identify subgroups of patients with distinct joint anxiety AND depression profiles and evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as stress, resilience, and coping. Design Longitudinal study Participants Patients (n = 1328) receiving chemotherapy. Methods Measures of state anxiety and depression were done six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. All of the other measures were completed prior to second or third cycle of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify the distinct joint anxiety and depression profiles. Findings Three classes were identified (i.e. Low Anxiety and Low Depression (57.5%); Moderate Anxiety and Moderate Depression (33.7%), High Anxiety and High Depression (8.8%)). For all of the stress measures, a dose response effect was seen among the profiles. Two worst profiles reported higher occurrence rates for a number of adverse childhood experiences. Implications for providers Patients need referrals for stress reduction techniques and mental health and social services.

Deep breathing exercises in easing educational stress among Indian high school students.

In this educational landscape, the pervasive issue of stress among higher secondary students has emerged as a serious matter. Acknowledging the challenges posed by educational stress, this research explores holistic and accessible interventions, with a focus on the promising avenue of deep breathing exercises known for their effectiveness in promoting relaxation and reducing stress. The study employs a quasi-experimental design, comparing an experimental group engaged in daily deep breathing exercises with a control group following a regular routine. Sixty higher secondary students in Visnagar participate through purposive sampling, adhering to specific inclusion criteria. The intervention includes a pre-tested questionnaire to assess stress levels, the implementation of daily deep breathing exercises in the experimental group, and a post-intervention stress level reassessment in both groups. The findings reveal a notable reduction in stress levels post-intervention, particularly in the experimental group practicing deep breathing exercises. Statistically significant reductions in mean stress scores underscore the effectiveness of this intervention, with the experimental group demonstrating a significantly lower mean stress score compared to the control group. This study contributes vital insights into stress management strategies for higher secondary students, highlighting the efficacy of incorporating deep breathing exercises into their routine. The observed reductions in stress levels emphasize the potential benefits of practical stress reduction techniques within the educational milieu.

“Diabetes is really simple on paper, but really complicated when you actually have it”: Understanding the daily stressors of adolescents living with Type 1 diabetes

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to explore the daily stressors experienced by adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the perceived impact of those stressors on their self‐management and psychological well‐being.Design and MethodsWe conducted semistructured in‐depth telephone interviews using a qualitative descriptive approach with 20 adolescents aged 14–17 years with T1D and analyzed subsequent data using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants who were non‐Hispanic white made up 85% of the sample, 75% identified as female and mean age was 15 years. The study identified two key themes: “the everyday stress of living with diabetes” and “managing stress and supporting psychological well‐being.” Participants described heightened mental load, the impact of daily activities, stress associated with public diabetes management, and added stress due to COVID‐19. Primary mitigation techniques included family support, peer support networks, activity engagement, and personal acceptance of their condition.Practice ImplicationsWe found that there is a compound effect that occurs with balancing daily disease management with normative activities of daily living. These data will help guide the design of new interventions and tailoring of existing interventions. Future intervention development may include physical exercise, mindfulness training, and stress reducing techniques.

An analysis of Psychological Issues during Menopause and its integrative management

Menopause is indeed a normal physiological stage in a woman's life, typically occurring in the late 40s to early 50s, although the exact timing can vary from person to person. This transitional phase is frequently associated with a spectrum of physical, mental and cognitive symptoms. During the menopausal transition, many women commonly encounter physical symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, irregular menstruation, sleep disturbances, depletion of bone health, weight gain and a decrease in sexual desire. Additionally, this phase can contribute to fluctuating hormone levels which can precipitate mental issues like mood swings, anger and irritability, heightened anxiety, loss of self-esteem, loss of confidence, low mood and feelings of sadness or depression. Memory and cognitive changes like forgetfulness and difficulty in concentration are often reported during menopause, sometimes referred to as "brain fog" or "menopausal cognitive impairment." For some, these symptoms serve as early indicators of the onset of this life transition. Integrative management of mental health problems during menopause involves a holistic approach that combines conventional medical treatments with complementary and alternative therapies to address both the physical and emotional aspects of menopausal symptoms. It includes stress reduction techniques, lifestyle modifications, counselling and psychotherapy, dietary supplements, internal- external medications and regular health care check-ups. Many women consider menopause as inherently a negative experience as it comes with various challenges and symptoms. Seeking medical advice and support can help women navigate this transition more smoothly and positively.

Is There Hope for Chronic Pain Patients?

Many websites are dedicated to educating the public about chronic pain and its management. The majority of these websites say there is no cure for chronic pain, but encourage patients to try exercise, diet, stress reduction and other techniques to decrease the severity of chronic pain. Patients are also taught to use oral or injected drugs to treat their chronic pain. This can be dangerous and leads to adverse events and death in some patients. The majority of these websites teach patients that chronic pain comes from the brain and brain stem. This teaching is incorrect, since chronic pain is generated in the skin and can best be treated and cured with topical medicines.

Implementation of Healthy Men Healthy Communities: A Health Promotion and Gender-Based Violence Prevention Program for Male South Sudanese Refugees in Uganda.

Men living in refugee settings are often exposed to violence, poverty, and social instability, which impacts physical and mental health and increases the risk of perpetrating sexual and gender-based violence. Healthy Men Healthy Communities was developed as a male-led health promotion program to address men's physical and mental health and their role in creating healthy relationships and families. Three community leaders from the settlements were trained to facilitate the program, which was implemented among six groups consisting of twelve men in each group. Pre/post surveys and feedback were collected among the facilitators and participants. Facilitators suggested culturally appropriate ways to present physical activities as a stress reduction technique and the importance of spacing out births. The small group setting facilitated open conversations on topics such as birth spacing and healthy partner communication. Participants experienced an increase in knowledge and confidence in practicing the program content, such as stress-reduction techniques and healthy communication strategies. Participants recommended additional topics such as fertility and sexually transmitted infections. The Healthy Men Healthy Communities program has the potential for wider implementation among male South Sudanese refugees to promote their health as well as the health of their families.

The Role of Telomere Length in Stress-related Aging and its Implications for Mental Health

Telomeres, the protective caps at chromosome ends, have emerged as crucial biomarkers of cellular aging and potential mediators of stress-induced physiological decline. This review synthesized current evidence on how chronic stress and various mental health conditions are associated with accelerated telomere shortening, potentially serving as a biological mechanism linking psychological distress to cellular aging and increased risk of age-related diseases. Research studies showed that major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety disorders have been consistently linked to shorter telomeres, while findings for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia remain mixed. The review explored the biological mechanisms underlying stress-induced telomere attrition, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It critically evaluated telomere length as a potential biomarker for stress-related aging and mental health disorders, assessing its reliability and clinical relevance. The review also examined interventions targeting telomere biology, including lifestyle modifications, stress reduction techniques, and pharmacological approaches. These interventions showed promise in mitigating the effects of stress-related aging and improving mental health outcomes. However, methodological challenges and high inter-individual variability currently limit the clinical utility of telomere length assessment. Ethical implications of telomere-based interventions and diagnostics were also discussed, including issues of privacy, potential discrimination, and the blurring lines between treatment and enhancement.

Peptic Ulcer: A review

Peptic ulcers, characterized by painful sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus, are a prevalent gastrointestinal condition affecting millions worldwide. This abstract provides an overview of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers primarily stem from the imbalance between aggressive factors such as gastric acid secretion, pepsin, and Helicobacter pylori infection, and defensive mechanisms like mucosal barrier integrity and blood flow. Lifestyle factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress, along with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), also contribute to ulcer formation. Symptoms of peptic ulcers include burning pain in the abdomen, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and unintended weight loss. However, some individuals may remain asymptomatic or experience atypical symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, barium X-ray, and H. pylori testing. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms, promote ulcer healing, and prevent recurrence. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and antibiotics are commonly prescribed to reduce gastric acid secretion, eradicate H. pylori infection, and promote ulcer healing. Lifestyle modifications including dietary changes, stress reduction techniques, and cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption are also integral components of ulcer management. In conclusion, peptic ulcers are a common gastrointestinal disorder with multifactorial etiology. Early recognition of symptoms, accurate diagnosis, and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.

Progressive muscle relaxation in pandemic times: bolstering medical student resilience through IPRMP and Gagne's model.

Medical education, already demanding, has been further strained by the COVID-19 pandemic's challenges and the shift to distance learning. This context underscores the need for effective stress reduction techniques in competency-based medical curricula (CBMC). We assessed the feasibility and benefits of integrating a Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) module-a known effective stress-reducing technique-into a time-restricted CBMC, particularly given such modules often find placement as elective rather than mandatory. Adapting Gagne's nine events of instruction, a 2-h PMR program was designed and implemented during the pandemic. Twenty participants were engaged on a first-come, first-served basis, ensuring adherence to social distancing measures. Feedback was continuously gathered, leading to two post-program focus group sessions. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's approach, with study quality maintained by the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). To gauge adaptability, we aligned the program with various learning outcomes frameworks and explored its fit within CBMC using Bourdieu's Theory of Practice. The pilot PMR program was well-received and effectively incorporated into our CBMC. Our analysis revealed five central themes tied to PMR's impact: Self-control, Self-realization, Liberation, Awareness, and Interpersonal relationships. Feedback indicated the program's capacity to mitigate stress during the pandemic. The SRQR confirmed the study's alignment with qualitative research standards. Further, the PMR program's contents resonated with principal domains of learning outcomes, and its integration into CBMC was supported by Bourdieu's Theory. These observations led us to propose the Integrative Psychological Resilience Model in Medical Practice (IPRMP), a model that captures the intricate interplay between the identified psychological constructs. This research showcases an innovative, theory-guided approach to embed a wellbeing program within CBMC, accentuating PMR's role in fostering resilience among medical students. Our PMR model offers a feasible, cost-effective strategy suitable for global adoption in medical institutions. By instilling resilience and advanced stress-management techniques, PMR ensures that upcoming healthcare professionals are better equipped to manage crises like pandemics efficiently.

Stress Coping Strategies Among Undergraduate Nursing Students in The University of Nigeria Enugu Campus

Background: Undergraduate student nurses experience stress due to the demanding nature of their training. Therefore, assessing stress and coping strategies in this vulnerable group is essential. Moreover, a paucity of data exists on this subject among the study population. Aim: This study assessed the stress level, common stressors, and coping strategies adopted by undergraduate student nurses at the Department of Nursing, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. Methods and Materials: This study used the cross-sectional descriptive survey design. A proportionate sample method was utilized to select 196 undergraduate nursing students. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Coping Behaviour Inventory (CBI) were used for data collection. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents (71.8%) reported feeling moderately stressed. Assignment/workload stress (2.46±0.90), stress from teachers and nursing staff (1.92±0.79), and stress from peers and daily life (1.96±0.92) were the three main stressors. Problem-solving (2.84±0.95), transference (2.54±0.95), and positive coping behavior (2.52±0.88) were the most frequently employed coping mechanisms. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the students' demographic characteristics and their stress levels. Conclusion: The respondents reported moderate stress levels that were comparable between the different groups. Therefore, administrators of the nursing department should incorporate stress management and reduction techniques into the orientation program and motivate students to use healthy coping mechanisms that emphasize problem-solving to promote health. Keywords: stress, coping strategies, undergraduate nursing students, stressor, level of stress

Positive psychological effects of seated acupressure massage are associated with a rise in plasma oxytocin without affecting CGRP levels or circulating IL-6

Work-related stress is a major public health issue. Given the relationship between acute stress responses and health, finding strategies to deal with the unpleasant symptoms brought on by stress is essential. Massage therapy is a popular stress-reduction technique, but its effectiveness has yet to be shown. In that matter, this study investigates the effects of a 17-minute session of seated Amma massage on young healthy people. Subjective stress perception, anxiety and self-confidence were assessed before and after the massage using the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale (STAI-Y, Spielberger et al., 1983) and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (EEAC, Cury et al., 1999), together with cardiovascular parameters. Cortisol, CGRP, IL-6, and oxytocin plasma levels were measured before and after the massage to investigate its possible mode of action. This study enrolled 59 people: 33 receiving the massage, and 26 controls only seated on the massage chair.Interaction Time x Group demonstrates significant differences for all psychological measurements (STAI, EEAC) before and after the Amma massage, showing a beneficial effect of this treatment, in particular on perceived anxiety and self-confidence. No evidence was found of any correlation between cortisol plasma levels and psychological outcomes. No relationship was shown between the decrease of perceived stress and measured CGRP or IL-6 release, but the data demonstrated that heart frequency could be slightly decreased. The oxytocin plasma levels were significantly increased by the massage and could be responsible for the recovery of psychological outcomes.We conclude that seated acupressure Amma massage could be a useful tool to ameliorate quality of life at work.

EMBEDDING EVIDENCE-BASED CAREGIVER SUPPORT IN COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMS: THE ADS PLUS PROGRAM

Abstract Adult Day Services (ADS) are a community-based option in long-term care, providing a safe, interactive, and managed environment for people with dementia (PWD). ADS also serve racially/ethnically diverse communities, provide respite for family caregivers and help people age-in-place. Nevertheless, research reveals inconsistent benefits of ADS for caregivers of clients and ADS do not typically offer evidence-based caregiver programs as part of routine care. This symposium reports on the results of a novel NIA funded multi-site Hybrid Type I trial with pragmatic elements which evaluated the effectiveness of embedding a caregiver support program, ADS Plus, in ADS and delivered by staff. ADS Plus, provides caregivers with dementia education, stress reduction techniques, validation/support, referrals and linkages, and strategies to address caregiver-identified challenges over 12-months. Reported are the quantitative and cost outcomes, implementation processes, and challenges and lessons learned. Dr. Gitlin will present the main quantitative study outcomes of this multi-site trial involving 34 sites nationally and 234 caregivers, which demonstrated benefits for caregivers and ADS. Next, Dr. Marx will examine implementation findings including session completion and content. Dr. Gaugler will present findings from the qualitative arm examining perceived benefits of ADS Plus by staff and participants. Ms. Prioli will then examine cost savings associated with ADS Plus whereas Dr. Parker will address barriers when partnering with home and community-based services including developing and maintaining partnerships, institutional review board hurdles and staff readiness. To conclude, our discussant, Dr. Kenneth Hepburn, will offer perspectives on moving evidence-based programs into community-based settings such as ADS. This is a Behavioral Interventions for Older Adults Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

Assessing the Impact of the Mindfulness-Based Body Scan Technique on Sleep Quality in Multiple Sclerosis Using Objective and Subjective Assessment Tools: Single-Case Study.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system, often leading to poor sleep quality and diminished quality of life (QoL) for affected patients. Sleep disturbances in MS do not always correlate linearly with other symptoms such as anxiety, depression, fatigue, or pain. Various approaches, including stress reduction techniques such as mindfulness-based interventions, have been proposed to manage MS-related sleep issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mindfulness-based body scan technique on sleep quality and QoL in patients with MS using both subjective (questionnaires) and objective (electronic portable device) measures. A single-case study was performed involving a 31-year-old woman diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS. The patient practiced the mindfulness-based body scan technique daily before bedtime and outcomes were compared to measures evaluated at baseline. The mindfulness-based body scan intervention demonstrated positive effects on both sleep quality and overall QoL. Biometric data revealed a notable dissociation between daily stress levels and sleep quality during the intervention period. Although self-report instruments indicated significant improvement, potential biases were noted. While this study is limited to a single patient, the promising outcomes suggest the need for further investigation on a larger scale. These findings underscore the potential benefits of the mindfulness-based body scan technique in managing sleep disturbances and enhancing QoL among patients with MS.

The prevalence of Sudden Cardiac Death among workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the main causes of death worldwide, and it continues to be a significant public health concern. In Europe, the prevalence of sudden cardiac death differs between countries and populations; it is estimated to account for approximately 20% of all deaths. However, there are few data regarding the prevalence of SCD among employees. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the prevalence of this phenomenon in workers and recommend potential interventions and preventive measures that could be implemented in the workplace to reduce the risk of SCD in employees. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, according to the PRISMA statement. There were no time restrictions placed on the evaluation of English-language source documents. Using the Egger regression model, publication bias was evaluated. A forest plot was used to demonstrate the pooled prevalence of Sudden Cardiac Death in workers. STATA Software/MP, version 14.1 was used for the statistical analyses. Results The initial search resulted 1,408 relevant articles across all three databases; after removing duplicates and filtering the abstracts, the full texts of 23 articles were reviewed, and 17 were excluded due to a wrong outcome. Six articles were subsequently included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A proportional meta-analysis was carried out on the 6 included studies and the pooled prevalence of Sudden Cardiac Death in employees was 17.48% (95% CI: 6.70-31.91%). Conclusions SCD is a severe and potentially preventable illness that can affect employees and cause fallout from European and global health policies. We can reduce the incidence of SCD and enhance the cardiovascular health and well-being of workers by identifying and addressing work-related risk factors, providing appropriate screening and interventions, and promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors. Key messages • Promote a healthy lifestyle in the workplace, such as regular physical activity, healthy eating and stress reduction techniques, at European and global level. • Implement, in European countries and worldwide, screening strategies during health surveillance visit, such as performing ECGs or specialist cardiology consultations, for the work population at risk.