Stress Amplitude Research Articles

Development of a novel approach to correlate small punch fatigue with uniaxial ratcheting fatigue

The miniaturization of fatigue specimens has seen significant advancements, realized either by scaling down conventional specimens while preserving their geometry or by experimenting with novel specimen shapes and loading configurations. In this study, the small punch test (SPT) technique, which is well-established for estimating tensile, creep, and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT), is employed to predict the cyclic deformation behaviour of SS 316LN and modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) steels. The small punch fatigue (SPF) experiments demonstrated continuous displacement accumulation, similar to strain accumulation in ratcheting. The study evaluates the influence of various load parameters, such as amplitude and mean load, on SPF outcomes and compares these to the effects of stress amplitude and mean stress on ratcheting results. The differences in deformation behaviour between ratcheting and small punch fatigue and the effect of biaxiality in SP configuration life is analysed. Finally, to establish a correlation between SPF and ratcheting results, the three life prediction models (Gerber, Goodman, and Smith-Watson-Topper) are examined and a new correlation is proposed by introducing a novel damage parameter.

Static and dynamic analyses and multi-objective optimization of wafer thinning machine’s design variables

In order to meeting the physical strength, heat dissipation and dimensional requirements of chips, the wafer surface needs to be thinned by wafer thinning machines. In the design of wafer thinning machine, the analysis and optimization of castings is an important and complex issue. In this study, the multi-objective optimization of wafer thinning machine’ s design variables are executed due to static and dynamic analyses. According to the analysis results, the design quality, amplitude and equivalent stress of the casting are optimized. The inner diameter of the ring, the height of the ring, the height of the middle groove, and the height of the groove on both sides are selected as the main design variables of the optimization. The results show that the static deformation of the optimized cast structure is 8% lower than the original structure, the overall mass is 4% lower, the operating frequency is 3.5% lower, higher stability, smaller mass and amplitude are obtained after optimization. The research has a great significance for the wafer thinning machines design, and provides theoretical guidance for the development of other lithography equipments.

Recirculation through western boundary currents varies nonlinearly with the ocean basin's aspect ratio

Recirculation gyres adjacent to western boundary currents (WBCs) in the ocean enhance the poleward transport of these currents. While it is well-established that the WBC in a barotropic ocean strengthens with increase in basin's aspect ratio (the meridional-to-zonal extent ratio), how intensity of the recirculation through the western boundary layer varies with this parameter remains unexplored. I address this using the non-dimensional form of the nonlinear, wind-driven Stommel–Munk model of westward intensification that comprises three parameters—the aspect ratio (δ), the damping coefficient (ϵ), and the β-Rossby number (Rβ). Here, ϵ is set by the ratio of Rayleigh friction coefficient (or eddy viscosity) to the meridional gradient of the Coriolis frequency and the basin's zonal dimension, while Rβ is proportional to wind stress amplitude and quantifies the strength of nonlinearity. In the weak-to-moderate nonlinearity limit (Rβ<∼ϵ), perturbation analysis reveals that recirculation varies concavely with aspect ratio, suggesting existence of an optimal aspect ratio (δopt) for which the recirculation is maximum and for typical values of ϵ (10−3−10−2), δopt follows the power-law relation δopt=4.3ϵ. Numerical simulations further validate the existence of δopt. For large ϵ (>5×10−3), the power-law predicts δopt for the numerical solutions rather accurately, but does not hold for smaller ϵ (2×10−3) due to increased importance of nonlinear terms. Nevertheless, the nonlinear variation in recirculation through the western boundary layer with aspect ratio is observed for all ϵ values and may contribute to the heterogeneous increase in the WBC's transport across different ocean basins in a warming climate.

Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of Welded Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloys.

This paper presents the experimental results of a study evaluating the mechanical and fatigue performance of welded Fe-Mn-Si SMA. For the experimental study, welded and welded-and-heat-treated Fe-Mn-Si SMA specimens were fabricated, and fatigue tests were performed at various stress amplitudes. In addition, direct tensile tests and recovery stress tests were also performed to evaluate the material properties of Fe-Mn-Si SMAs. The elastic modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength of the welded specimens were reduced by 35.4%, 12.1%, and 8.6%, respectively, compared to the values of the non-welded specimens. On the other hand, the elastic modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength of the welded-and-heat-treated Fe-Mn-Si SMA specimens were increased by 18.6%, 4.9%, and 1.3%, respectively, compared to the values of the welded specimens. Both welded and welded-and-heat-treated Fe-Mn-Si SMAs failed at lower cycles than the conventional Fe-Mn-Si SMAs at the same stress amplitude. High-cycle fatigue failure, characterized by cycles exceeding 104, typically occurs at relatively low stress levels within the elastic region, whereas low-cycle fatigue failure, generally occurring within cycles below 104, involves high stress levels that encompass both elastic and plastic deformation. Regardless of the welding condition, the stress amplitude at which Fe-Mn-Si SMA transitions from high-cycle to low-cycle failure exceeded the yield strength.

Fatigue Response of Additive-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

This study investigated the fatigue performance of 316L stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Stress-controlled fatigue tests were performed at different stress amplitudes on vertically built samples using a frequency of 15 Hz and a stress ratio of 0.1. The stress amplitudes were varied to provide the cyclic response of the materials under a range of loading conditions. The average fatigue strength was determined to be 92.94 MPa, corresponding to a maximum stress of 185.87 MPa. The microstructures were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the aid of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and the average grain size of the as-built samples was determined to be 15.6 µm, with most grains having a <110> preferred crystallographic orientation. A higher kernel average misorientation value was measured on the deformed surfaces, revealing the increased misorientation of the grains. Defects were observed on the fractured surfaces acting as crack initiators while deflecting the crack propagation paths. The fatigue failure mode for the LPBF 316L samples was ductile, as illustrated by the numerous dimples on fracture surfaces and fatigue striations.

Non-destructive health monitoring of glass fibre epoxy composites under fatigue loading using electrical resistance change method

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect of stress amplitude on the damage sensing characteristic of glass fibre reinforced (GFRP) composites under fatigue loading using the electrical resistance change (ERC) method. The electrical conductivity of GFRP composites was achieved by incorporating 0.3 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into epoxy resin by ultrasonication method. In-situ electrical resistance measurements during fatigue tests of MWCNT-filled GFRP (MWNCT/GFRP) composites were conducted at two different stress amplitudes, S = 0.6 and S = 0.5. The average stiffness losses at failure were observed as 28% and 25% for S = 0.6 and S = 0.5 respectively. The corresponding ERC ratios at failure were found as 153% and 59% for S = 0.6 and S = 0.5, respectively. A two-parameter Weibull analysis, based on the ERC ratios corresponding to 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (failure) fatigue life, was implemented to establish reliability curves at the two stress amplitudes. The ERC ratios at failure with a 95% reliability for S = 0.6 and S = 0.5 were determined as 64% and 23%, respectively. Finally, the remaining fatigue life and the stiffness loss of composite specimens at the ERC ratios corresponding to various Weibull reliability were found for both stress amplitudes.

Stress-controlled medium-amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOStress) of PVA–Borax

We report the first-ever complete measurement of MAOStress material functions, which reveal that stress can be more fundamental than strain or strain rate for understanding linearity limits as a function of Deborah number. The material used is a canonical viscoelastic liquid with a single dominant relaxation time: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer solution cross-linked with tetrahydroborate (Borax) solution. We outline experimental limit lines and their dependence on geometry and test conditions. These MAOStress measurements enable us to observe the frequency dependence of the weakly nonlinear deviation as a function of stress amplitude. The observed features of MAOStress material functions are distinctly simpler than MAOStrain, where the frequency dependence is much more dramatic. The strain-stiffening transient network model was used to derive a model-informed normalization of the nonlinear material functions that accounts for their scaling with linear material properties. Moreover, we compare the frequency dependence of the critical stress, strain, and strain-rate for the linearity limit, which are rigorously computed from the MAOStress and MAOStrain material functions. While critical strain and strain-rate change by orders of magnitude throughout the Deborah number range, critical stress changes by a factor of about 2, showing that stress is a more fundamental measure of nonlinearity strength. This work extends the experimental accessibility of the weakly nonlinear regime to stress-controlled instruments and deformations, which reveal material physics beyond linear viscoelasticity but at conditions that are accessible to theory and detailed simulation.

Comparison of fatigue characteristics and failure analysis of Ni-based superalloy subjected to thermomechanical fatigue under different phase conditions

In this research, the thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) characteristics of a second-generation Ni-based single-crystal superalloy were investigated. The combined effects of temperature cycling and mechanical stress were examined using a strain-controlled approach under different TMF testing conditions. The results indicated that cyclic softening occurred during the early stages during in-phase (IP) loading. In contrast, out-of-phase (OP) tests exhibited cyclic hardening, as evidenced by an increase in the stress range, which intensified at higher mechanical strain amplitudes. This resulted in a shorter fatigue life compared to the IP TMF case. The crack distribution patterns and damage mechanisms on the cross-sectional and fracture surfaces of the failed specimens were analyzed. In the OP TMF tests, oxidation-assisted cracking was identified as the primary damage mechanism. The dominance of oxide layers was a key distinguishing feature. Additionally, twinning-related deformation and topologically close-packed (TCP) phase particles were observed in specimens subjected to a higher mechanical strain of 0.6%, where they ran parallel to the main crack, contributing to a reduction in lifetime. Conversely, the IP TMF cases were mainly dominated by creep damage mechanisms, with some signs of oxidation penetration observed during testing. The application of the Ostergren model to the fatigue life prediction of a Ni-based single-crystal superalloy under both conditions was evaluated. As this model was insufficient, a modified Ostergren model was proposed by incorporating the maximum and amplitude stresses in the power law forms.

Study on low cycle fatigue properties of Cr-Mo steel in 50 MPa gaseous hydrogen

At present, a lack of fatigue design curves for Cr-Mo steel in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen worldwide impedes the use of the design fatigue curve (S-N curve) evaluation for vessel fatigue design, necessitating reliance on fracture mechanics methods related to the initial crack size. In this study, strain-controlled fatigue tests with a strain ratio of −1 were carried out in 50 MPa gaseous hydrogen to study the low cycle fatigue properties of Cr-Mo steel. Results indicate that hydrogen reduces the fatigue life of 4130X under high strain amplitudes. Under 0.5 % strain amplitude, different from characteristics of ductile fracture in air, the fracture in 50 MPa gaseous hydrogen showed quasi-cleavage and intergranular fracture characteristics. Based on the test results, the S-N curve in 50 MPa gaseous hydrogen was obtained with fatigue life safety factor 20 and stress amplitude safety factor 2. The S-N curve in 50 MPa gaseous hydrogen is under the curve in KD-320.2 M of the 2023 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code VIII-3, which does not consider the effect of hydrogen, when the number of cycles to failure is less than 1×106. This indicates that the fatigue life calculated by the S-N curve in KD-320.2 M cannot ensure that 50 MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels avoid fatigue failure under high stress amplitudes.

Fatigue performance of innovative open-rib orthotropic steel deck for super-long suspension bridge

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the fatigue performance of an innovative orthotropic steel deck (OSD) with open-ribs, apple-shaped cut-outs, and additional transverse ribs, which is employed by the Zhangjinggao Yangtze River Bridge. This bridge is set to become the world's longest suspension bridge upon completion. A full-scale section of the OSD was fabricated and subjected to fatigue loading with a total cycle of 12.3 million times. The interested cracking-prone fatigue details include rib-to-deck and rib-to-crossbeam welded joints, along with the apple-shaped cut-outs of the crossbeam. Experimental results indicated that fatigue cracks initiated separately beneath the deck plate, on the flange of the rib, and at the rib-to-crossbeam welded joint, with equivalent stress amplitudes of 159 MPa, 148 MPa, and 99 MPa at 2 million cycles, respectively. In addition, detailed finite element model of the OSD was developed using ABAQUS and validated against the experimental results. The effects of the geometry dimensions and structural details of the bridge deck, longitudinal ribs, crossbeams and transverse ribs that influence the fatigue performance of this OSD were analyzed and discussed. Parametric analyses revealed that increasing the thickness of the deck plate, the thickness or the height of the longitudinal rib, and the number of transverse ribs can effectively reduce the stress amplitudes at corresponding fatigue details, which therefore improves their fatigue performance. This study provides useful references for the fatigue evaluation and design of OSDs with open-ribs and apple-shaped cut-outs.

Evaluation of sensor-enabled piezoelectric geoelectric cable in cyclic shear tests of subgrade soil under vertical cyclic loads

Of late, deformation of subgrade soil has led to an increasing number of road subsidence diseases. Real-time monitoring of subgrade deformation is critical to ensure the safety of subgrade operations. In this paper, a sensor-enabled piezoelectric geoelectric cable (SPGC) with impedance strain effect and piezoelectric effect is tested. The SPGC impedance and voltage signals obtained by cyclic shear test under vertical static load and cyclic shear test under vertical cyclic load are used to evaluate the monitoring effect. The results showed that normal stress had the greatest effect on the shear strength of the soil, whereas the normal stress and horizontal shear displacement amplitude significantly influenced the strain in the soil. Varying the normal and horizontal shear frequencies had little effect on the shear strength and strain of the soil. The normalized impedance and voltage of the SPGC, respectively, decreased and increased rapidly during the initial stage of the shear cycle; these changes were relatively small during the middle and late stages of the shear cycle. The SPGC voltage waveform revealed the changes in the shear stress and vertical displacement under different normal and horizontal shear frequencies, from which the stability of the subgrade soil under the aforementioned conditions could be evaluated. The variations in the SPGC impedance and effective voltage from the cyclic shear tests under both vertical static and vertical cyclic loads remained essentially consistent with the number of cycles. However, there was a difference in that the trough of the SPGC impedance under the vertical cyclic load was larger than that under the vertical static load; likewise, the effective SPGC voltage under the cyclic load was larger than that under the static load. Through an analysis of the SPGC impedance and voltage signals in the subgrade soil, the consistency of the SPGC-normalized impedance and effective voltage with shear stress was clarified; this helped us evaluate the health of the subgrade and monitor the characteristics of the precursor signals before a slide were to occur, thereby affording us an opportunity to issue timely warnings.

Study on fatigue properties with composite waveform and variable amplitude of TC21 titanium alloy pulsed laser-arc hybrid welded joints

TC21 titanium alloy is widely used in the manufacturing of key components such as aerospace industry, its welded structure in actual service is often subjected to the cyclic loading with composite waveform and variable amplitude and leads to fatigue failure. Therefore, in this work, the composite waveform and variable amplitude fatigue properties of TC21 titanium alloy pulsed laser-arc hybrid welded joints were investigated in this paper, and the micro-deformation mechanism and crack initiation mechanism of welded joints under different initial maximum cyclic stresses were revealed. The results indicated that the micro-deformation mechanism was the competition between twinning and dislocation slip in the α′ phase at low stress. When the initial maximum cyclic stress increased, the generation and slip of dislocation dominated, and the main distribution of dislocations gradually transitioned from the α′ phase to the β phase. This caused the phase transition in the β phase to the α phase, which increased the energy at the α/β phase interface and reduced the resistance of fatigue microcrack initiation accordingly, thus promoting fatigue failure. In addition, pores were the main factor of fatigue failure for welded joints. Therefore, in this work, the influence of defect size, location and shape on the fatigue life of welded joints was considered to develop a fatigue life prediction model based on the control parameter Z-parameter and equivalent stress amplitude. The predicted composite waveform and variable amplitude fatigue life of TC21 titanium alloy welded joints was within the triple error band.

The Evolution of Surfaces on Medium-Carbon Steel for Fatigue Life Estimations

Early in fatigue life, fatigue cracks are often initiated at persistent slip bands (PSBs), which play the main role in surface evolution when the components are subjected to cyclic loading. Therefore, this paper aims to study the behavior of the surface development of medium-carbon steel, specifically 42CrMo4 (SAE 4140). Tests were conducted using tension–compression fatigue testing with stress amplitudes set at 30%, 40%, and 50% of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS); a load ratio of R = −1; and a frequency of f = 10 Hz. The ultimate number of test cycles was 2 × 105. The fatigue test specimens with as-machined surface quality (Ra < 100 nm) were tested on a servo-hydraulic push–pull testing machine, and the tests were interrupted a few times to bring the specimens out for surface measuring with a confocal microscope. The linear roughness values of the arithmetic mean deviation (Ra), maximum height (Rz), maximum profile peak height (Rp), and maximum profile valley depth (Rv) were investigated and further used to determine the roughness evolution during cyclic loading (REC) by analyzing the inclinations of the fitting curves of roughness and number-of-cycles diagrams. REC could then be used to estimate and classify the fatigue lifetime.

The analysis for fatigue caused by vibration of railway composite beam considering time-dependent effect

The time-dependent effects in steel-concrete composite beam bridges can intensify track irregularities, subsequently leading to amplified train-bridge coupling vibrations. This phenomenon may increase the stress amplitudes in the bridge steel, thereby impacting the fatigue performance of the composite structures. This paper employs multiple rigid body dynamics to construct a high-speed train model and utilizes the finite element method to develop a steel-concrete composite beam element model that accounts for time-dependent effects, interfacial slip, and shear hysteresis. This approach enables the computational analysis of the train-bridge coupling system, facilitating an investigation into the influence of concrete’s time-dependent effects on the fatigue performance of railway steel-concrete composite bridges. Focusing on a 40-m simply supported composite bridge, the train-bridge coupling dynamic responses were computed for each operational year within a decade of the completion of construction. Applying the P-M linear fatigue damage accumulation theory, statistical analysis of stress history data across various operational periods was conducted to quantify the fatigue damage induced by a single eight-car high-speed train on the lower flange of the mid-span steel beam and the beam-end studs. The findings reveal that the beam-end studs sustain greater damage than the mid-span steel beam. Moreover, the detrimental impact of time-dependent effects diminishes with the increase of operational years. Notably, compared to the initial year, the fatigue damage to the lower flange of the mid-span steel beam by an eight-car train in the tenth year has surged by 39.3%. Conversely, the damage to the beam-end studs has decreased by 47.5%.

Constitutive modelling of a dry sand–structure interface under high-frequency vibration with a constant normal load

Sand–structure interfaces undergo strength loss and volume contraction under high-frequency vibration, potentially compromising the performance of underground structures in high-speed railway engineering. However, an appropriate method for quantitatively characterizing the behaviour of the sand–structure interface under high-frequency vibration is currently lacking, impeding the advancement of related design methods. In this work, the primary deformation and strength characteristics, such as the evolution of shear stress and volumetric strain, of the dry sand–structure interface under high-frequency vibration are summarized via a modified direct shear apparatus under a constant normal load. The concept of “vibro-induced virtual pore pressure” is subsequently introduced to modify the expressions of the critical state, yield, and bounding surfaces. The relationships between vibro-induced volume contraction and the vibration stress amplitude and state parameters are also established. Ultimately, a constitutive model describing the behaviour of the dry sand–structure interface under high-frequency vibration is formulated within the frameworks of critical state soil mechanics and bounding surface plasticity. The model comprises 14 parameters, all of which can be calibrated via laboratory experiments. Through comparison with experimental observations, the model is found to accurately simulate the key behaviours of the dry sand–structure interface under both static and high-frequency vibration conditions with a constant normal load, effectively reflecting the influence of the density, normal stress, and vibration stress amplitude of the sample.

Fatigue life improvement by shot peening for pre‐fatigue tested carburized steel

AbstractThe effect of shot peening (SP) on pre‐fatigue tested carburized steel was investigated. Plane‐bending fatigue tests were conducted on carburized CrMo steel that was pre‐fatigue tested and treated with SP. Fatigue cracks were induced by pre‐fatigue tests with a stress amplitude of σa = 1000 MPa, and the number of the pre‐fatigue test cycles was 2.0 × 104 (L5 test) and 4.0 × 104 (L15 test). We compared the fatigue lives of the fatigue‐damaged and smooth specimens without fatigue damage treated with the same SP. The fatigue life of the L5 tested specimens with SP was longer than that of the non‐fatigue damaged smooth specimens after SP. Therefore, the fatigue cracks introduced by the L5 test can be rendered harmless by SP. Furthermore, near‐surface material properties were evaluated and the mechanisms of rendering surface cracks harmless were investigated.

Experimental Research on the Low-Cycle Fatigue Crack Growth Rate for a Stiffened Plate of EH36 Steel for Use in Ship Structures

This paper presents a straightforward approach for determining the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) crack propagation rate in stiffened plate structures containing cracks. The method relies on both the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) and the accumulative plastic strain, offering valuable insights for ship structure design and assessing LCF strength. Meanwhile, the LCF crack growth tests for the EH36 steel were conducted on stiffened plates with single-side cracks and central cracks under different loading conditions. The effects of stress amplitude, stress ratio, and stiffener position on the crack growth behavior were examined. Fitting and verifying analyses of the test data were employed to investigate the relationship between CTOD and the crack growth rate of EH36 steel under LCF conditions. The results showed that the proposed CTOD-based prediction method can accurately characterize the LCF crack growth behavior for stiffened plate of EH36 steel for use in ship structures.

Frost heave characteristics of subgrade silty clay affected by cyclic stress: Experiments and prediction model

To investigate the effects of traffic loads on frost heave behaviors, frost heave tests of silty clay soil were conducted using an improved temperature-controlled cyclic compression-shear device. This research employed three stress modes: vertical cyclic stress, horizontal cyclic shear stress, and complex cyclic stress that combines vertical cyclic stress with horizontal cyclic shear stress. Additionally, it considered the effects of the amplitude and frequency of complex cyclic stress. Test results show vertical cyclic stress densifies specimens and restrains vertical displacement development. Vertical cyclic stress's pumping effect promotes water absorption during frost heave. Horizontal cyclic shear stress can increase in-situ frost heave and induce minor consolidation than vertical cyclic stress, dramatically enhancing vertical displacement. Under complex cyclic stress conditions, vertical cyclic stress and horizontal cyclic shear stress at low amplitudes and frequencies enhance vertical displacement. The primary component that promotes the frost heave ratio is horizontal cyclic shear stress, which could lead to a looser frozen soil structure. Finally, an improved frost heave ratio prediction model was developed, considering the influences of vertical cyclic stress, horizontal cyclic shear stress, and loading frequency.

Evaluation of the accuracy and efficiency of the modified maximum variance method for multiaxial fatigue analysis under constant amplitude loading

An optimized version of the Maximum Variance Method (MVM) is employed to determine maximum shear stress amplitudes in high-cycle multiaxial fatigue analysis using the critical plane approach, increasing accuracy and reducing computational burden. This refined approach posits that the MVM assumes that the critical plane is the one subjected to the maximum variance of the shear stress history. Comprehensive statistical analyses, including Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison techniques such as Tukey’s HSD and Bonferroni correction, were conducted to systematically investigate the impact of critical factors on fatigue resistance, such as mean stress, phase, synchrony, failure criteria, and the strategy for calculating maximum shear stress amplitude. These analyses highlighted significant effects of mean stress and phase on the accuracy of fatigue strength predictions, underscoring the effectiveness of the enhanced MVM in managing complex loading scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology performs equal to or better than conventional methods, with significantly lower computational costs.

Stress Wave Propagation and Decay Based on Micro-Scale Modelling in the Topology of Polymer Composite with Circular Particles.

This article deals with stress wave decay performance, analysing the stress wave propagation generated by an impulsive unit load in a 2D representative unit cell (RUC) of a polymer composite with circular particles representing spherical particles, elliptical particles, and short fibres. The micro-scale numerical simulation uses explicit finite element analysis (FEA). The micro-response to an impulsive unit load creates a stress wave amplitude interacting with the material structure and tends to weaken and absorb energy. The stress wave damping is determined by the decaying amplitudes of Mises stress at the front of the stress wave. The stress wave damping is evaluated for different ratios of tensile modules and material densities of matrix and reinforcing material and other factors, such as percentage and particle size, applied to nine topologies of RUCs, and even the presence of an interfacial region is analysed. Moreover, the article visualises the phases of stress wave decay in various particle distributions, i.e., various topologies. Analysing the different topologies of the same particle volume (area) percentage, the study proved that the composite topology and resulting wave-particle and wave-wave interactions are other sources of material damping. The presence of even a small percentage, 3.5 area%, of reinforcing circular particles in the matrix brings a significant increase in stress wave damping up to about 40-43% (depending on the topology) compared to a homogeneous matrix with stress wave damping of 12.5% under the same conditions. Moreover, the topology with the same volume (area) percentage can increase particle stress wave damping by 15.3%.