Strength Training Program Research Articles

Therapeutic Putty-based Hand Strengthening Exercises to Improve Hand Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis

Context: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) primarily affects the hands, leading to disabling joint abnormalities and reduced muscle strength, profoundly impacting hand function and overall quality of life (QOL). Aim: The aim of this study was to find the effect of therapeutic putty-based hand exercises on hand function and QOL in patients with chronic RA. Setting and Design: It was an experimental study conducted at the College of Physiotherapy, Pt. B.D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 206 chronic RA patients were randomly split into two groups. Group A (control) received conventional physiotherapy care including hot fomentation, joint protection advice, active exercises, and splinting. Group B (experimental) engaged in hand strengthening exercises with 85 g of therapeutic putty alongside conventional physiotherapy. Key outcomes assessed grip and key pinch strength, hand function (Short Form of the Score for the Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatic Affections of the Hands), and QOL (WHO-BREF) at baseline, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. Statistical Analysis: Effect of treatment comparison was done with one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc analysis. Results: The experimental group showed superior outcomes for grip, key strength, and hand function (P = 0.000). Regarding the QOL, improvements were observed in the physical component at the 4th week (P = 0.003) and in both the 8th and 12th weeks (P = 0.000). The psychological, social, and environmental components improved significantly in the 8th and 12th weeks (P < 0.005). Conclusion: A therapeutic putty-based strength training program as an addition to usual care is a worthwhile, low-cost intervention that helps improve function, disability, and QOL.

Механізми вдосконалення спеціальної ударної підготовки спортсменів у змішаних єдиноборствах у передзмагальних мезоциклах

The Purpose of the Research is to study the mechanisms for improving the male and female athletes` special strike training for mixed martial arts at the pre-competition mesocycles under the conditions of different strength training programs. Methods of the Research. 44 athletes who were divided into 4 groups took part in the study. The representatives of the examined group used strength training loads of different structure and direction. Using the method of control testing of special strike training, the number of accurate kicks for 30 s to a moving and non-moving manikin was determined among male and female athletes. The Research Results. It was found that the greatest increasing the indicator of special strike training by 103,7 % (р<0,002) was recorded during the performance of the strike with a turn for the target exercise. The smallest positive dynamics by 78,7 % (р<0,002) was found for athletes of B group during a side kick for the target exercise. During the exercise of number of accurate kicks for 30 s to a moving manikin it was found that the controlled indicator for male athletes of B group was 67,6 % lower compared to the results of A group. Comparison of the control results of the female athletes of C and D groups has demonstrated that at the end of the pre- competitive mesocycle, the difference between the indicator of female athletes` accurate number of kicks for 30 s to a moving manikin was 20,7 %, and at the beginning of the research, this difference was 43,6 %. At the end of the pre- competition mesocycle, the difference between the parameters of the indicator the number of accurate kicks for 30 s to a none-moving manikin by the athletes of C and D groups was 7,9 %, when at the beginning of the research this difference was 56,6 %. Findings. It was determined that under the conditions of using isolated exercises during strength training, which make it possible to maximally and simultaneously selectively load individual muscle groups, the stress of adaptation and compensatory mechanisms increases, which leads to arising the indicators of special strike MMA training.

Effect of training load on lower limb power and jumping ability of professional soccer players

Research objective: The main research objective is to analyze the effects of training load on the lower limb power and jumping ability used in the maximum strength phase I during the preparatory period after the fall round league games among professional soccer players. Materials and Methods: The research material was a selected group of soccer players (n = 56) of the first Polish league, representing a similar sports level with a minimum of 4 years of training experience in the league and in the age range of 22 to 28 years. The study is focused on comparing two strength training programs which have been based on varying the intensity of training (% 1 RM). The first group performed training with an external load of 50-60% of 1RM (SG1), while the second group performed training with a load of 70-80% of 1RM (SG2). The training plan ran over 4 weeks (2 sessions per week; 4-number of series; 5-number of repetitions; 3-minute interval time between series; 2-minute interval time between exercise), with pre- and post-tests which included: anthropometry, 1RM, peak power output with 50% (unilateral), 60% (bilateral) (SG1) and 70% (unilateral), 80% 1RM (bilateral) (SG2) in the leg press, squat, and CMJ. The use of pneumatic devices the Keiser Leg Press A420 and Keiser Air Squat A300 (Keiser, Fresno, CA, USA) was used to measure the generated power of the lower limb muscles (leg press, squat). The dynamometric device Force Decks Dual Force Plate System (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) was used to measure the jumping ability (CMJ). Results: Analyzing the changes in power generated during leg presses and during squats, it should be concluded that the results in both groups improved. However, the changes in the SG1 group, using an external load of 50-60% 1RM, were significantly greater. Interestingly, in the SG2 group, using an external load of 70-80% 1RM, the level of power generated by the right lower limb during the unilateral squat decreased after training. Similarly, to the jumping ability, greater changes were recorded in the SG1 group after completing the training program. The SG1 group with training using an external load of 50-60% 1RM achieved significantly better results than the SG2 group with training using an external load of 70-80% 1RM for 7 variables: bilateral leg press, unilateral leg press (right lower limb), unilateral leg press (left lower limb), bilateral squat, unilateral squat (right lower limb), power [W/kg] and the speed [m/s] of the jump. It was also possible to observe a certain increasing trend in the results in the unilateral squat (left lower limb) and countermovement jump height (CMJ), while not statistically significant. Conclusions: The method of using moderate and heavy loads can be used in the maximum strength phase I during the preparatory period after the fall round league games as an effective solution to improve the results in terms of power and jumping ability generated by soccer players. The main findings of the present study were as follows: training with an external load of 50-60% 1RM during the preparatory period after the fall round league games is more effective in improving muscle power and jumping ability (power [W/kg] and the speed [m/s] of the jump) soccer players than training with an external load of 70-80% 1RM.

EFFECT OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON STATIC BALANCE IN BASEBALL ATHLETES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength on the static balance of Pakistani baseball athletes. This study shows how elite Pakistani baseball players' static balance may improve following a 12-week strength training pre/post-intervention. The participants were separated into two groups of ten: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed 12 weeks of strength training, whereas the control group received no treatment. The Romberg test was used to measure the participants' static balance in four different positions: standing on both feet with eyes open, standing on both feet with eyes closed, standing on the dominant leg with eyes closed, and standing on the nondominant leg with eyes closed. The experimental group's static balance improved significantly following the 12-week strength training intervention. The study's findings demonstrated that 12 weeks of strength training significantly improved Pakistani baseball players' static balance. Furthermore, the strength training program had a substantial and good impact on the static balance of Pakistani baseball players. It is suggested that the Pakistan Baseball Federation implement strength training and focus on improving static balance in order to improve various aspects of Pakistani baseball players' performance.

Home-based multi-sensory and proximal strengthening program to improve balance in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A: A proof of concept study.

People with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) frequently report problems with balance, which lead to an increased risk of falls. Evidence is emerging of training interventions to improve balance for people with CMT, but to date all have relied on clinic-based treatment and equipment. This proof-of-concept study explored whether a multi-modal program of proprioceptive rehabilitation and strength training can be delivered at home, to improve balance performance in people with CMT Type 1A. Fourteen participants with CMT Type 1A were recruited into this randomized, two-arm study. Baseline assessments included measures of disease severity, posturography, physical function, and patient-reported outcome measurements. All participants received one falls education session. Participants were randomized to either 12 weeks of balance training or 12 weeks of usual activities. The intervention comprised a home-based, multi-sensory balance training and proximal strengthening program, supported by three home visits from a physiotherapist. Thirteen participants completed the study. The intervention was successfully implemented and well tolerated, with high participation levels. Functional measures of balance and walking showed strong effect sizes in favor of the training group. Posturography testing demonstrated moderate improvements in postural stability favoring the intervention group. Inconsistent changes were seen in lower limb strength measures. The intervention was feasible to implement and safe, with some evidence of improvement in balance performance. This supports future studies to expand this intervention to larger trials of pragmatic, home-delivered programs through current community rehabilitation services and supported self-management pathways.

The effect of a walking, dancing, and strength training program on the functional fitness of adults with intellectual disability: A randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background: Many adults with intellectual disabilities live a sedentary lifestyle, have low levels of functional fitness and are overweight. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an exercise intervention with activities which are simple, fun, accessible and adapted for socialising in a group would elicit significant improvements in various parameters associated with functional fitness for adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Forty-two adults with intellectual disability (44.5 ± 11.5 years) were randomly located to an exercise group (n = 19) and a control group (n = 23). The program consisted of walking, dancing, and resistance training exercises and was implemented, three times a week for 6 weeks. Results: Significant ameliorations (p < 0.05) were reported for body mass, hip circumference, aerobic capacity, functional ability, muscular strength, balance, and flexibility with varying degrees of effect sizes. Conclusions: The combined exercise training program showed a significant positive impact on various parameters associated with functional fitness for adults with intellectual disability.

ROLE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND BODY COMPOSITION IN NAVAL CADETS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Physical fitness is important to the general population, but for naval cadets, achieving a high level of physical fitness may be essential for success in their jobs. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current literature on physical fitness and body composition in naval cadets narratively and examine the effects of training programs on their physical fitness and body composition. The length of time that the personnel is on a ship cannot always be determined. For this reason, cadets must follow an exercise program to increase or maintain their physical condition during their voyages on a warship. This review revealed that endurance and strength training programs lasting 8 weeks to 12 months improved naval cadets’ physical capacity, body composition, and BMI. In conclusion, this review provides practical suggestions for improving naval cadets’ physical fitness and body.

The Squat One Repetition Maximum May Not Be the Best Indicator for Speed-Related Sports Performance Improvement in Elite Male Rugby Athletes

In the strength and conditioning field, a variety of training exercises are being applied to improve speed-related performance, but there is a lack of traditional strength training guides that can be used for training effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a six-week traditional strength training program on elite rugby players and explore the relationships between the one repetition maximum (1RM) of traditional strength exercises and athletic performance. Twenty elite rugby players (age = 30.5 ± 1.5 years, mass = 96.7 ± 16.6 kg, height = 179.3 ± 6.0 cm) completed the strength training program, and 1RM values for bench press, squat, deadlift, and power clean, along with athletic performance metrics (20 m and 40 m sprints, vertical jump, broad jump, Bronco test, L-run), were measured before and after the training period. Medium effect sizes were observed in the deadlift (p = 0.04, d = 0.49) and bench press (p = 0.019, d = 0.57) 1RM, while the squat exhibited a very large effect size (p &lt; 0.001, d = 2.08). Both before and after training, greater power clean 1RM demonstrated a strong correlation with each athletic performance test. However, bench press 1RM, both pre-and post-training, did not significantly associate with functional performances (p &gt; 0.05). Notably, power clean 1RM showed the strongest correlation with athletic performance; despite being the most significant improvement in squat 1RM after the six-week training period, it was not associated with athletic performance outcomes in rugby players. This study underscores the varied impact of specific strength exercises on athletic performance, emphasizing the distinct role of power clean 1RM in predicting speed-related performance in male rugby players.

Is a Maximal Strength-Training Program Effective on Physical Fitness, Injury Incidence, and Injury Burden in Semi-Professional Soccer Players? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aims of the study were to analyze the effects of a 12-week maximal strength- training program on injury incidence, injury burden, and physical fitness in semi-professional soccer players and to compare the perceived exertion load and well-being state between injured and non-injured soccer players. Twenty semi-professional male soccer players participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 10 players), who performed a maximal strength-training program, or to a control group (CG, n = 10 players), who only performed their regular soccer training. Physical fitness was measured at baseline and after the training program. In addition, the injury incidence, burden, training/match load, and the state of well-being of the players were recorded. The EG showed significant improvements in vertical jumps, change in direction ability, linear sprints, repeated sprint ability, isometric strength (p < 0.003; effect size = 1.78-11.86), and quadriceps-hamstring imbalance in both legs (p < 0.001; effect size = 2.37-3.71) in comparison to the CG. In addition, the EG players showed a significantly (p < 0.05) lower injury burden (p < 0.001, relative risk = 5.05, 95% confidence interval = 3.27-7.79). This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of a 12-week maximal strength-training program on physical fitness attributes and injury burden in semi-professional soccer players.

TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA, SONO E SAÚDE MENTAL EM JOVENS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Introduction: Sleep and psychological problems are bidirectional, with studies reporting that people suffering from mental health disorders are also sleep-deprived. In this context, there is a window of knowledge investigating the relationship between strength training, sleep, and mental health, especially in young populations. Objective: To conduct a systematic review on the effects of strength training (ST) on sleep and mental health in young people. Methods: A systematic review of Level I studies was carried out through a systematic search in the databases PubMed, Bireme, Scielo, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies examining the effects of strength training on sleep and mental health in youth, published through 2022, were included. Rayyan software was used for export, data analysis, and study selection. Trial quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Results: ST in young people can improve mental health without affecting sleep quality. Both studies responded positively to six of the eight JBI questions, thus being of good quality. Conclusions: ST performance, especially considering the intensity of training, with a minimum frequency of twice a week, reduces anxiety and depression in young people by improving sleep quality, requiring further studies (randomized clinical trials) that can clarify the possible effects of ST programs on sleep and mental health in this population.

Exploring Women’s Psychological and Emotional Experiences in Long-Term Strength Training Adherence

ABSTRACT Background Lack of physical activity is a contributor to mental health issues. Strength training exercise has been an effective intervention that yields physical and psychological benefits. Purpose This qualitative study aimed to explore and identify the perceived factors to maintain long-term strength training programs among women, and to examine the association of these factors with psychological and emotional health. Methods Seventeen face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with women aged 35–81 (M = 54.6) over a five-month span. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and manually coded. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis. Results Most of the women had been strength training for over a decade (82.4%). A primary theme: Emotional Resilience will be highlighted in this study. Additional subthemes include I Feel Good, I Feel Better; Calm Emotions and Reduce Stress, and A Boost in Confidence. Discussion Strength training exercise plays a role to enhance women’s mental focus and emotional resilience needed to cope with adversity. Translation to Health Education Practice Health professionals and policy makers may need to consider strength training as a useful practice that can lead to improvements in self-confidence, quality of life, and physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing.

Increasing the level of physical fitness of players men's student volleyball team

The article shows the importance of strength training in student volleyball and its influence on various aspects of players' physical fitness. The experience of training volleyball players convincingly proves the importance of using various strength exercises in the annual training cycle. The purpose of the work was to experimentally prove the effectiveness of the strength training program for improving the physical fitness of players of the student volleyball team. Analysis and generalization of literary and documentary materials, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics were used in the research. The study included a review of modern approaches to strength training in volleyball and its impact on increasing muscle strength, speed, endurance, and agility of players. The main aspects that should be taken into account when developing strength training programs for volleyball players are established, including functionality, individualization and complexity of training. The effectiveness of the developed strength training program for volleyball players has been experimentally proven. The article presents the results of specific studies that confirm the positive effect of strength training on the physical fitness of volleyball players. Conducted pedagogical testing of physical fitness of volleyball players at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the season made it possible to obtain indicators of speed (running 6 and 20 m from a high start), dexterity and general endurance (shuttle run 4x9 s and the Cooper test), speed and strength qualities (jump in height), forces (static dynamometry), which had statistically significant changes (p&lt;0.05). The results of the study proved that volleyball players significantly improved their level of physical fitness after training according to the proposed program. The results of the study can be used to optimize the process of physical training, training loads of volleyball players, improve their physical qualities and improve motor actions. The results of the study can be used by coaches when working with students who play volleyball at the university. The proven program of strength training can also be used as a basis for the development of experimental programs of physical training in volleyball.

Effects of poling camber angle on the biomechanics of cross-country sit-skiing

Cross-country sit-skiers use double poling (DP) technique to drive the slide. The aim of this study is to analyze how poling camber angle affect the capacity of power output and biomechanical parameters of the DP process. Twenty-four non-disabled college students (24.67 ± 1.46 years old) were recruited to perform three successive 30-s maximal effort tests with different poling camber angles of 0°, 15°, 24° and 30° using a sit-skiing ergometer. The biomechanical parameters, output power and muscle activation of the subjects were analyzed. The results showed that DP output power increased with the increase of poling camber angle at 15° (597.78 ± 150.31 J), 24° (610.94 ± 158.96 J, P = 0.011) and 30° (629.10 ± 168.78 J, P < 0.001) compared with 0° (590.65 ± 148.95 J). However, effective output power decreased with the increase of camber angle. Poling with camber angle of 24° had the shortest cycle time 1.53 ± 0.17 s, compared with other abduction angle (0°, 1.57 ± 0.19 s, 15°, 1.55 ± 0.16 s, and 30°, 1.56 ± 0.19 s). Compared with 0° (1.02 ± 0.14 m), the cycle distance significantly increased at poling camber angles of 24° (1.07 ± 0.12 m, P = 0.029) and 30° (1.11 ± 0.13 m, P < 0.001). With the increase of poling camber angle, the shoulder and elbow joint range of motions and joint moments were significantly increased. This study found that poling with shoulder abducted increased the output power but decreased the efficiency. By analyzing the poling angle and poling force, we find that the optimal poling camber angle may depend on the terrain or the skiing speed. These results may guide the competition techniques and tactics in the matches, and may further influence the strength-training programs of cross-country sit-skiing athletes.

Developing A Core Strength Training Program to Improve Badminton High Clear Stroke for University Students

Background and Aims: With the continuous development of badminton, international competitions have become increasingly confrontational and competitive, which places higher demands on athletes' physical fitness and technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to add core strength training and traditional strength training to badminton high clear stroke skill training, compare the test results after training, and find a more effective strength training method to improve badminton high clear stroke skill. Materials and Methods: This study took 40 students (20 boys and 20 girls) out of 230 students (20 boys and 20 girls) in the 2022 special badminton class of Guangxi Medical University. This study introduces the test standard of badminton high clear stroke technology, focusing on the theory of badminton strength training. Through interviews with 5 experts, the high clear stroke technical test standards, physical fitness test standards, and training plans were determined (IOC test result is 0.925±0.1438). The training experiment lasted 8 weeks. Results: (1) Compared with traditional strength training, core strength training can improve students' physical fitness. (2) Core strength training has a more significant effect on improving badminton high clear stroke skills than traditional strength training. Conclusion: The core muscle strength exercise added to the badminton training program was created by the researcher and validated with 5 experts by IOC technique the IOC was 0.925±0.1438. The Program was confirmed by the execution of a group pretest and posttest experimental design The subject was 40 students who tested with a high clear stroke test, then took the score to rank the subjects descending and sampling with systematic method into 2 groups. The experiment operated for 8 weeks, 2 sessions a week, and 2 hours a session. Collect high clear stroke test and fitness test scores after the last class.

Effects of a dry-land strengthening exercise program with elastic bands following the Kabat D2 diagonal flexion pattern for the prevention of shoulder injuries in swimmers.

Background: During the repetitive execution of the swimming strokes, the muscles responsible for the internal rotations of the shoulders tend to become stronger compared to the muscles that oppose these movements. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of a strengthening program for the shoulder rotator muscles using elastic band exercises in a diagonal Kabat pattern (D2 for flexion) in swimmers, to develop an effective, quick and easy-to-implement protocol for preventive training routines. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was carried out. Internal and external rotation range of movement, isometric strength of the muscles responsible for internal and external rotation of the shoulder, scapular movements, was measured at the beginning of the study and after 8weeks post-intervention. A total of 22 male swimmers participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 11) or a control group (n = 11). The experimental group underwent a 8-week shoulder-strength program using elastic bands, while the control group focused on aquatic training. Results: The strength-training program resulted in an improvement in the isometric strength of the muscles responsible for external rotation and a better balance between the shoulder rotator muscles in the experimental group. However, these improvements have not been significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The strengthening exercise program showed minimal improvement in shoulder rotation strength and range of motion. These findings suggest that the prescribed shoulder-strengthening exercise could be a quick-beneficial dry-land training option to improve external rotation shoulder strength or range of motion, but more studies with larger sample sizes and more weeks of treatment are needed to determine the efficacy of this protocol.

Effects of applying a multivariate training program on physical fitness and tactical performance in a team sport taught during physical education classes.

A multivariate training program could be a pedagogical choice to improve physical and tactical performance in a team sport taught during physical education classes at different levels of education. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of applying a multivariate training program on physical fitness and tactical performance during the teaching of a basketball didactic unit in basic and secondary education. Seventy-five students from a Portuguese school, with an average age of 15.02 ± 1.31 years, included forty-two students from basic school and thirty-three students from secondary school. The FITescola® test battery was used to assess physical fitness (i.e., sit-ups, push-ups, horizontal impulse, shuttle test, 40 m sprint, agility 4 × 10 m). The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) was used to assess students' tactical performance for each player's game performance during a 20-minute 3 vs. 3 match. The GPAI variables were decision making index (DMI), skill execution index (SEI), support actions index (SI), and adaptability index (AI). During a basketball didactic unit teaching, the students were randomly divided into two groups, a control group that will not carry out the training program and an experimental group that will carry out a strength training program, high intensity explosive exercises and activities based on small-sided games (SSG) for 6 weeks. The two groups were evaluated in two moments: before the application of the training program and after the application of the training program regarding changes in physical fitness and tactical performance. The independent samples t-test (samples from two groups) and paired sample Test (for the same group) were applied for pre and post-assessment comparisons. All indexes present significant differences between basic and secondary students in the pre- and post-assessment tests with small effects (t = -6.54 to -4.82, Δ = -27.57 to -0.16, p<0.05-p< 0.001, d = 0.78-1.05). The results allow to conclude that in a school environment, a well-structured multivariate training program can effectively improve students' tactical skills, increasing their physical conditioning levels.

Abstract 12093: Bi-Ventricular Cardiac Adaptations to 20 Weeks of High-Intensity Resistance Training in Healthy Untrained Men: A 3D Echocardiography Longitudinal Study

Introduction: The historical description of cardiac remodelling between strength and endurance athletes, made by Morganroth in the 1970s, has been challenged with the advancements in our understanding of the protective effect of Valsalva manoeuvres and the emergence of sophisticated imaging techniques for cardiac function assessment. Objective: We aimed to analyze the kinetics of muscular and cardiac responses to 20 weeks of high-intensity resistance training in healthy untrained volunteers. Methods: A total of 27 young and healthy men with an average age of 22.8±3.2 years participated in a 20-week strength training program. The training program intensity was guided by 1-Repetition Maximum (RM) testing. Before and after 12 and 20 weeks of training, participants were assessed using body composition analysis, electrocardiogram, 3D transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing ( V O 2peak ), and muscle isokinetic dynamometry. Anova was utilized to analyse time effect. Results: Among the initial cohort, 22 subjects completed the study protocol. Arterial blood pressure significantly decreased at both time points. Isokinetic evaluation confirmed increases in maximal strength for quadriceps (Δ 0-20wk =+46.8Nm, P&lt;0.001), hamstrings (Δ 0-20wk =+25.3Nm, P=0.025), triceps (Δ 0-20wk =+11.6Nm, P=0.005), and biceps (Δ 0-20wk =+9.2Nm, P=0.023). Regarding cardiac analysis, after 20 weeks of training 3D left ventricular (LV) mass increased (120.1±15.4 to 133.7±16.3 g, P=0.018), with an augmentation in both septal wall (6.1±1.1 to 7.2±1.4 mm, P=0.027) and posterior wall thickness (5.5±1.3 to 7.1±1.3 mm, P&lt;0.001). 3D LV end-diastolic volume increased by 7.28% without reaching a significant difference. Right ventricular (RV) wall thickness also increased (3.33±0.73 to 3.89±0.8 mm, P=0.04), with a slight non-significant augmentation of 3D RV end-diastolic volume by 7.89%. No significant changes were found in LV and RV systolic or diastolic function. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that our 20-week high-intensity strength training program resulted in a rapid and significant increase in muscular strength. The cardiac response to strength training showed a moderate biventricular response like that of endurance athlete

Analysis of the core strength training application strategy in college physical education

In the construction and development of modern society, in order to improve the comprehensive quality of college students, colleges and universities around the core strength training program into physical education teaching, and truly realize the basic goal of physical education. From the perspective of practical education and training, although core strength training in college physical education has been paid attention to, it also leads to many problems during the application period, so colleges and universities should take corresponding measures to solve these problems and fully demonstrate the application value of core strength training in college physical education. After understanding the definition and significance of core strength training, this paper studies the efficient physical exercise management information system based on cloud computing according to the current problems faced by physical education in colleges and universities, and defines the application countermeasures of core strength training in physical education in colleges and universities in the new era, so as to provide reference for the reform of physical education in colleges and universities.

Effects of a 20-Week High-Intensity Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength Gain and Cardiac Adaptation in Untrained Men: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Longitudinal Study.

As strength sports gain popularity, there is a growing need to explore the impact of sustained strength training on cardiac biventricular structure and function, an area that has received less attention compared to the well-established physiological cardiac adaptation to endurance training. This study aims to implement a 20-week high-intensity strength training program to enhance maximal muscle strength and evaluate its impact on cardiac biventricular adaptation in healthy, untrained men. A total of 27 healthy and untrained young men (mean age 22.8, SD 3.2 years) participated in a strength training program designed to increase muscle strength. The training program involved concentric, eccentric, and isometric exercise phases, conducted over a consecutive 20-week time frame with a frequency of 3 weekly training sessions. Participants were evaluated before and after 12 and 20 weeks of training through body composition analysis (bioelectrical impedance), a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram, 3D transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and muscle isokinetic dynamometry. The progression of strength training loads was guided by 1-repetition maximum (RM) testing during the training program. Of the initial cohort, 22 participants completed the study protocol. No injuries were reported. The BMI (mean 69.8, SD 10.8 kg/m² vs mean 72, SD 11 kg/m²; P=.72) and the fat mass (mean 15.3%, SD 7.5% vs mean 16.5%, SD 7%; P=.87) remained unchanged after training. The strength training program led to significant gains in 1-RM exercise testing as early as 4 weeks into training for leg extension (mean 69.6, SD 17.7 kg vs mean 96.5, SD 31 kg; P<.001), leg curl (mean 43.2, SD 9.7 kg vs mean 52.8, SD 13.4 kg; P<.001), inclined press (mean 174.1, SD 41.1 kg vs mean 229.2, SD 50.4 kg; P<.001), butterfly (mean 26.3, SD 6.2 kg vs mean 32.5, SD 6.6 kg; P<.001), and curl biceps on desk (mean 22.9, SD 5.2 kg vs mean 29.6, SD 5.2 kg; P<.001). After 20 weeks, the 1-RM leg curl, bench press, pullover, butterfly, leg extension, curl biceps on desk, and inclined press showed significant mean percentage gains of +40%, +41.1%, +50.3%, +63.5%, +80.1%, +105%, and +106%, respectively (P<.001). Additionally, the isokinetic evaluation confirmed increases in maximal strength for the biceps (+9.2 Nm), triceps (+11.6 Nm), quadriceps (+46.8 Nm), and hamstrings (+25.3 Nm). In this paper, only the training and muscular aspects are presented; the cardiac analysis will be addressed separately. This study demonstrated that a short-term high-intensity strength training program was successful in achieving significant gains in muscle strength among previously untrained young men. We intend to use this protocol to gain a better understanding of the impact of high-intensity strength training on cardiac physiological remodeling, thereby providing new insights into the cardiac global response in strength athletes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04187170; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04187170.

CONSIDERATIONS FOR STRENGTH TRAINING IN CHILDREN

The aim of the study was to determine the advantages and the disadvantages of the strength training for children. It’s important to know, what the effects are, of this type of training program, on the preadolescents and adolescents.Rumors and misinformation have helped persuade many to disapprove of preadolescent strength training. This is changing, however, as new knowledge replaces old misconceptions.Finally, we can concluded, that the children strength training program is efficient and without risks, if it is conducted with proper supervision after the principles of gradually loading.