Stream Of Consciousness Technique Research Articles

INTEGRATION OF FRAGMENTATIONS IN VIRGINIA WOOLF'S TO THE LIGHTHOUSE

Modernism, which emerged in the late 19th century and took effect sharply in the early 20th century, paralyzed all previous movements. This movement, offering a new perspective on literature, culture, and politics, rejected the past and supported novelty in an original context. Additionaly, it opened the door to novelty in literature. Literary works were written in a different style, both in content and form. More experimental, non-linear narratives and works examining the inner world of the characters came to the fore instead of simple, superficial, standardized works which were examples of the old tradition. Concepts such as stream of consciousness, fragmentations, deep pessimism, and involving the reader in the text became important details of literature. By using these points, the authors tried to reflect both the period they lived in and their own spiritual lives in the works. The First World War, which broke out at the beginning of the 20th century and profoundly affected the whole world, shaped literature as well. Writers who witnessed the war began to take their subject matters from the war and describe the war’s devastating effects. One of these writers is Virginia Woolf, a pioneer of modern literature. The psychological disorders and a turbulent life experienced by Woolf as well as the chaos of the period had a deep impact on her themes and modes of thinking. The diaries, essays, and novels she wrote bear the traces of the period. In addition, she masterfully reflects the complexity of her inner world in the works. Using the stream of consciousness technique, the analysis of the characters' inner world, and the fragmentation magnificently, Woolf constructs the plot in this regard. Her work To the Lighthouse, written in 1927, is one of the cornerstones of modern literature. There are three parts that make up the book: The Window, Time Passes, and The Lighthouse. What stand out as striking elements in the work are the contrasts, inconsistencies, disagreements and fragmentations among the characters. Fragmentation, an important writing feature of Virginia Woolf, has an imortant place in the novel. But Woolf eliminates the fragmentation of the events and characters. It can be argued that she remarkably reflects integration, which is the opposite of fragmentation. Basically, the purpose of this article is to reflect on examples of integration of fragments and ensuring unity in Woolf's aforementioned work. While doing this, the main characters, side characters and significant events in the novel have been examined and analyzed.

The Contribution of Publisher and Translator Strategies to the Symbolic Capital: A Case Study on Three Turkish Translations of The Turn of the Screw

Henry James (1843-1916), one of the leading figures of the Modernist movement and one of the most important authors of American literature, quickly gained great fame with his works published in the early 20th century. Using the stream of consciousness technique, the continuous flow of thoughts and feelings through words, the author enables his readers to make a deep journey into the inner worlds of the characters in his works. James also used this technique, generally characterized by monologues and thick descriptions, in The Turn of the Screw (1898). The aim of this study, examining the three Turkish translations of James’ work by Necla Aytür, Tamer Çetin and Ezgi Uslu published with the title Yürek Burgusu, is to demonstrate to what extent the strategies of the publishing houses, Türkiye İş Bankası Cultural Publications, Cem Publishing House and Ren Books, respectively, have contributed to the symbolic capital of the source text in the target culture. The strategies of the relevant publishing houses will be examined through the analysis of paratextual elements proposed by Gérard Genette (1997). In the study, the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus (1977, 1990) and capital (1986, 1998) will also be used to discuss the policies and strategies of the publishers as well as the academic and professional trajectories of the translators and their translational dispositions and strategies. Within this framework, it can be argued that compared to the other two publishers, Türkiye İş Bankası Cultural Publications, which has stronger economic and symbolic capital and has made significant contributions to the target language, culture and history, has reinforced the position and symbolic capital of the work in the target culture and in the eyes of Turkish readers to a greater extent through its publishing and translation policy.

Narrative techniques employed by Githa Hariharan in In Times of Siege

Githa Hariharan uses a variety of techniques in her novels to depict the themes of alienation, betrayal, and disloyalty. Narrative tools like the stream of consciousness technique, flashback technique, and storytelling elements, which have clear morals for society. The crisis of identity plays a pivotal role in In Times of Siege. Her stories are complete with recounting of various kinds of inequalities and power struggles. The paradox of desire for change and the status in the mind of secular intellectual is shown in this novel. In Times of Siege, the title's military metaphor outlines the film's vehemently polemical and ultimately uncompromising stance on religious extremism. Fiction depicts the glory of our culture; learners will be able to understand the structure of a sentence, word order and vocabulary. Cultural information is disseminated by Githa Hariharan through her fiction. Her work is a clear representation of Indian culture, literature, and oral traditions. This article examines the author’s use of various Narrative Techniques and Tools to investigate the theme of the novel, as well as the characters’ state of mind, attitude, and responses.

Times of the Timeless: May Sinclair, British Idealism, and the Stream of Consciousness

This article examines the relationship between British Idealist philosophy and modernist form, particularly the stream of consciousness technique. Idealism was ascendant from the 1870s to the 1920s, and the writer/philosopher May Sinclair participated in its conceptual discourse, finding the British Idealists’ contention that time is unreal an especially valuable insight for her literary agenda. For many of the idealists, time is unreal in the sense that multiple temporal series coexist within the universe or atemporal “Absolute.” This idea, which was debated in the journal Mind and elsewhere, played a significant role in the literary conception of “stream of consciousness,” a term first applied to literature by Sinclair in 1918. Considering the interplay of literature and philosophy during this period expands our understanding of the genealogy of modernist form and its effects. In particular, in evoking an experience of the timeless, for Sinclair stream of consciousness draws together authors, characters, and readers, generating among them complex investments, both ethical and ontological.

Stream of Consciousness Technique in (Azhdiha) Novel

The (Stream of consciousness) is considered as the most common and novel technique which to a larger extent is concerned with contemporary novel. It was first introduced through the (Ejdîha - Dragon) which belongs to (Muhammad Mukery). Since then, its characteristics have appeared in Kurdish Novel and its principles have been revitalized. Mukery in his novel embodied the characteristics and principles of this technique artistically and in a quite high level. He initially started narrating the process with a meticulous introduction to the events. He takes the receptors to the deep structure of the text and grabs his attention toward multiplicity of the consecutive events. In terms of the second forum and imagination dimensions of the novel, he gradually and comprehensively prompts to practicing the precise principles of (Stream of consciousness) in addition to paying a special attention to the sequences of the events and maintaining the elements of the text flavor. He, wisely in the frame of network narrating and in an interesting conclusion, joins both the imagination and the reality together and melts them with each other. The main significant reason of this favorable technique is that it leaves the receptors with eager and encourages him/her to interpret the events to reach a proper conclusion by themselves. This research is an attempt to highlight on the way of practicing the principle of the (Stram of consciousness) technique in the novel of (Dragon). It also introduces the role and value of the text to familiarize the most important and contemporary techniques of the novel with the genre of novel in Kurdish literature.

Edith Wharton and Genre: Beyond Fiction

Edith Wharton and Genre: Beyond Fiction

THE IDEA OF MODERNISM IN VIRGINA WOOLF'S TO THE LIGHTHOUSE

Forerunners of literary modernism regarded 19th century literature and realism as inadequate to correspond to the modern crisis of urbanization and industrialization, and shell shock in society. Therefore, they make references to the fragmented, irrational, complex compositions within modernist conscious which is the ultimate consequence of the destruction of civilization, changing world after World War I, and rise of industrialism and capitalism. In this respect, the footprints of the war and its destructive effects are observed in Virginia Woolf’s fiction. The goal of this study is to examine Woolf’s To the Lighthouse in the light of Modernist theory with reference to “Modern Fiction” and to state that Woolf is a leading modernist figure whose work skillfully contains modernist features, especially stream of consciousness technique and interior monologues to explore the problems of disappointed modern individuals due to great losses and drastic changes in both culture and daily life, to reflect the subjectivity of truth and the impossibility of achieving the objective reality because of each character's different perceptions and to project relativity of time. Woolf’s construction of time is independent of the traditional concept of time to provide an effective and non-linear representation of characters’ consciousness within conjoined random moments with ups and downs, forward and backward movements, discontinuity and fragmentation. Eventually, the characters of the novel experience devastations of war, and they are mentally affected even though they do not physically engage with it. What war caused correlatively became a crucial determinant in shaping Woolf’s literary innovation and To the Lighthouse is the fulfillment of her vision of the modernist novel.

Language and expression features based on stream of consciousness technique in Selim İleri’s Hepsi Alev novel

Bilinç akışı tekniği, edebiyatta modern anlatım
 yöntemlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. Kahramanların iç dünyalarında olup
 bitenleri, düşünceleri, duyguları anlatmaya yarayan bu yöntemle kahraman öne
 çıkarılır. Okurla baş başa kalan kahraman, aklından geçenleri kendi ağzından
 aktarır. Türk edebiyatında bilinç akışı tekniğini kullanan yazarlardan biri de
 Selim İleri’dir ve bu çalışmanın konusu olan Hepsi Alev adlı romanında da bu yöntemden yararlanır.
 Araştırmalarda, bilinç akışı tekniği kullanılırken çoğu zaman dil bilgisi
 kurallarına uyulmadığı belirtilir. Ancak hangi kurallara uyulmadığı ya da nasıl
 bir anlatımın tercih edildiği ayrıntılarla ele alınmaz. Bir dil incelemesi olan
 bu çalışmada, Hepsi Alev romanı örnek
 alınarak bilinç akışı tekniğinden kaynaklanan kullanımların dil bilgisi
 kuralları çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Roman, bu anlamda
 pek çok veri sunar. Zamanda geri gidişler, ana dönüşler, birbirinden anlamca
 kopuk cümlelerin art arda sıralanması, kesik cümlelerin fazlalığı, tutarlılık
 ilkesinden uzaklaşıldığını göstermektedir. Alışılmamış bağdaştırmalarla da sıra
 dışı kullanımlar yaratılmıştır. Eksiltili anlatımlarla cümle sayısının
 artırılması ve yüzey yapıdaki gereksiz tekrarlar, dilde en az çaba ilkesinin
 göz ardı edildiğinin göstergesidir. Kimi dil birimleri de bağdaşıklık kuralları
 gözetilmeden sıralanmıştır. Bunların dışında dil bilgisi açısından aykırılık
 göstermeyen bazı kullanımların da bilinç akışı tekniğine bağlı olarak tercih
 edildiği dikkati çeker. Kahraman, ara cümle ve ara sözlere, devrik yapılara,
 yorum ve çıkarım cümlelerine sıkça başvurur. Seçilen dil birimleri, kimi zaman
 gizli bir diyalog hissi uyandırmaktadır. Çalışma boyunca bu ve benzeri konular
 örneklendirilerek bilinç akışının dili ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

Albert Camus’nün Yabancı ve Yusuf Atılgan’ın Aylak Adam eserlerinde bilinç akışı

Bilinç akışı tekniği, kişinin duygu ve
 düşüncelerinin kendi ağzından, birinci tekil kişi ile yansıtıldığı, postmodern
 roman anlatım tekniğidir. Bu tekniği kullanan yazarlar, kahramanın bilinç
 yansımasıyla, hayatı nasıl algıladığını derin ve soyut ifadelerle dile
 getirirler. Bilinç akışı tekniğinin en belirgin özelliği, düşünceler arasında
 mantıksal bir bağ bulunmayışı ve dilbilgisi kurallarına uygunluk olmayışıdır.
 Düşünceler anlık olarak, duyusal, işitsel ve görsel bağlantılarla birleşerek
 ifade edilir. Modern edebiyat eserlerinde oldukça sık kullanılan bilinç akışı
 tekniği, kahramanların olayları algılama şeklini ve ruhsal dünyalarındaki
 yansımalarını aktarır. Bilinç akışı tekniği, XX. yüzyılda Varoluşçuluk
 (Existentialisme) akımı ile birlikte kendini göstermeye başlar. Bu akımın
 öncülerinden olan ve Saçma Felsefesinin (la philosophie d’absurde) kurucusu
 olan Fransız yazar Albert Camus, eserlerinin çoğunda, özellikle Yabancı
 (L’Etranger) isimli eserinde, ana karakteri Meursault’nun düşüncelerini
 bilinç akışı tekniği ile aktarır. Modern Türk Edebiyatı’nda sıkça kullanılan bu
 teknik ile Yusuf Atılgan, Aylak Adam isimli eserinde ana karakter C.’nin
 belleğindeki düşünceleri, mantıksal bir bağ kurmadan, bilinç yansımasıyla ifade
 eder. Bu çalışmada Camus’nün Yabancı ve Atılgan’ın Aylak Adam
 isimli romanlarında karşılaştırmalı olarak bilinç akışı tekniği ele alınarak,
 ana karakterlerin kendi iç hesaplaşmalarındaki düşünceleri ve karşılıklı
 konuşmaları üzerindeki etkileri belirtilmeye çalışılacaktır. Karşılaştırmalı
 olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada, ana karakterlerin eylemlerini neden ve nasıl
 bir süreç içerisinde yaptıkları sorunsalı üzerinde durulacaktır. İnsanın
 varoluş felsefesini Varoluşçuluk düşüncesinde belirten her iki yazar da eserlerindeki
 ana karakterlerin içinde yaşadıkları topluma yabancılaşmalarını,
 yalnızlıklarını, bilinç akışı tekniği ile birey odaklı bir anlayış içinde,
 toplumdan kopuk bireyin parçalanmışlığını dile getirirler.

Modernism in Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artists as a Young Man

This paper investigated modernist in Joyce’s a portrait of the artists as young man. The findings of the study showed that Joyce did not tell a story with a coherent plot and a traditional beginning, middle, and end. Instead of that he used the stream of consciousness technique to select crucial moments in the life of Dedalus. By doing that, Joyce refused the chronologically ordered plot that characterized most of the novels in the nineteenth century. This technique of narration led to a revolution in the form of novels and opened the door to a deeper and more comprehensive study of the inner parts of characters. Also, the results of the study indicated that the stream of consciousness and the interior monologue built the novel through the representation of the ideas, dreams and imaginations of the major character. Finally, the book can be read as both a representation of Joyce's life and a declaration of liberty from all the conventions and norms that controlled the novel as a literary form. Keywords : Modernist, Joyce, Portrait, Artist and Literary Movement. DOI : 10.7176/JLLL/54-04 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

"󰡔젊은 예술가의 초상󰡕과 󰡔소설가 구보씨의 일일󰡕에서 활용된 의식의 흐름 기법 비교"

"󰡔젊은 예술가의 초상󰡕과 󰡔소설가 구보씨의 일일󰡕에서 활용된 의식의 흐름 기법 비교"

Роль мовної гри в реалізації феноменологічних експериментів Тараса Прохаська.

Phenomenological experiments by T. Prokhasko are primarily related with the attempts of the characters in his texts to objectively describe and learn what is usually considered to be subjective - consciousness, feeling, perception. Verbalization of such a life philosophy has affected the specifics of the language in his works. The language-game in the texts of the collection "The Lexicon of Secret Knowledge" is used on the phonetic, lexical and syntactic levels. Language-game on the syntactic level is crucial for writer’s idiostyle, because it is created by using stream of consciousness technique, cataloging, cinematography, recombination, detailing, etc. Language-game on the syntactic level is used to put emphasis on the details of the author's point of view, in an attempt to present reality not by the description of the reality, but by passing impressions of it. Because of that the syntax of Taras Prokhasko is complex and consists of repetitions, chiasmuses, amplifications, and other types of complex sentence structure. All of this is in order to convey the aesthetic principles of phenomenology to the reader.

CINEMA OF STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS

The present paper is about the characteristics of the stream of consciousness style in cinema and it is based on the principles of the related technique in literature. This study aims to design the theoretical principles of the stream of consciousness technique in cinema. To achieve this goal, in the present analytical-descriptive study, the library and field method is used.From the results of this study, we achieve a relatively complex structure of the stream of consciousness style in cinema that crosses the border restrictions of the previous genres and it is rooted in the modern cinema. It also expresses factors that can have different perceptions.

EDEBİYATTA BİLİNÇ AKIŞI TEKNİĞİNE BAŞVURULMA SEBEPLERİ ÜZERİNE BAZI DİKKATLER

Modern edebiyatta siklikla basvurulan bilinc akisi teknigi, Sigmund Freud’un psikanaliz kurami ve serbest cagrisim metoduna dayanmaktadir. Freud’un, kapitalist toplum insaninin psikolojisini incelemek icin gelistirdigi ve daha sonra sanatcinin yaratim faaliyetini aciklamak icin basvurdugu psikanalist metot, edebiyata bilinc akisi teknigi olarak yansir. Psikoloji ilminin ve psikolojik romanin gelisimi, psikanaliz tedavide kullanilan ve serbest cagrisim yontemine dayanan bilinc akisi teknigini, bir anlatim bicimi olarak edebiyata kazandirir. Hikâyeye olay orgusu, kurgusal anlatim, karakterlerin ruh tahlilleri, uslup ve zaman bakimindan katkilar saglayan bilinc akisi teknigine basvurulma sebepleri cesitlidir. Bu calismada insan psikolojisini inceleyen bilinc akisi tekniginin edebiyatta nasil ve neden kullanildigi arastirilarak bu teknigin yazar ile okuyucuya ne gibi katkilar sagladigi konusunda bir sonuca varilmasina calisilacaktir.

Initiative in the Novel Voices in the City of Anita Desai: Freedom in Life

Voices in the City of Anita Desai, is a novel which discusses the idea of freedom in life. The idea of freedom in life is initiative in the subjective novel, Voices in the City of Anita Desai which eventually emerges as the recurrent theme. The novel in stream of consciousness technique delineates the struggle of the people with brutal forces. The novel in discussion also focuses on human relationship and their freedom of life in its real but inner perspective. The people, characters, in the novel seem to be products of the social ethos which get subjective. The movements and patterns both physical as well as mental get self-analytical but introspective. Therefore, the character’s individual quest for a personal meaning in life or can be called freedom in life, is the recurrent theme of the novel in discussion Voices in the City which happens to be unavoidable interest of the novelist, Anita Desai. The investigation, ‘how the protagonists in the novel of discussion try to make their lives significant, meaningful and ambitious by struggling with the conflicts”. The paper researches the struggle for freedom in life in the novel, Voices in the City . A comprehensible and new vision of life has been presented in the novel where new visualization of Indian life has emerged as an idea in this novel, Voices in the City . These voices are the different visions of life which have been put into due attention. Through these visions, a concept of freedom in life incorporates itself in the novel, which gives way to forceful characterization of the novel rather than plot construction. The paper investigates three aspects of the novel, Voices in the City . It tells about the voices of the characters, their importance and subtleties in the novels, strong characterization as well as freedom of creativity which is the subjectivity and sensibility of the novel. The novel is narration and exploration of new mood. The denial of life’s realities has been vividly shown effortlessly. A new way has been suggested, too, in a very clear manner. It’s against the dry intellectuality. It is a vivid description of new mood, new sensibility of new generation where, “feelings run riot, and a new mood—‘melting’ mood of heightened sensibility—should arise in consequence” (Hudson, p. 157). The research has been aimed at presenting the delicacies as well as the obvious feelings towards life and their experiences in individual way which obviously achieves a harmonious effect in the novel, Voices in the City written by Anita Desai. It presents a “powerful articulation” (Iyengar, p. 470).

Nonverbal communication and its implications in the novel To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf

This paper deals with the representation and the analysis of the communication between the main characters in the novel 'To the Lighthouse'. The subtly represented interpersonal relationships, which are also reflected in various forms of both verbal and nonverbal communication, are also a starting point for the criticism of this author directed at the general position of women in the family and they represent quite an interesting analytical endeavor. The main focus of our research will be the relationship between Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay which is mirrored in the particular way the two communicate. Due to the significance the author places in Lily Briscoe, the personified new woman, we will pay attention to her, extremely personal, manner of communicating not specifically with the world, but with herself - her art, and her hidden rebelliousness when she does communicate with certain male characters in the novel. Also, because the novel was written in the stream of consciousness technique, and the reader is directly inserted into the mind of each of the characters, and through their minds, also gets an unusual insight into the psyche of the members of a traditional family, the novel becomes even more personal and direct, which opens the door for a thorough analysis. However, due to the technique itself, many things are left unsaid, unspoken, so we will focus not so much on verbal communication, as on nonverbal communication, which often uncovers much more than the previous.

Embodiment of the Concept of Time in William Faulkner’s “As I Lay Dying” and Virginia Woolf’s “To the Lighthouse”

This article applies the theory of cognitive semantics as a framework for interpreting the embodiment of the concept of time in two modernist novels written using the stream-ofconsciousness technique: William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying (1930) and Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse (1927). Metaphorical projections of time are investigated as: being based on image schemas, structuring bodily experience, and cross-domain conceptual mappings. The motion of time in accordance with the life events and mental states of the characters is analysed as a reflection of cognitive structures containing the concept of time or referring to it metaphorically. We claim that time in To the Lighthouse is conceptualised by elaborating concepts of distance, space and water, while in As I Lay Dying time is conceptualised in a bidirectional in–out relation with the human body, as a destructive force and as spatial distance. Moreover, as the space of time proposes a model of a continuum in which a certain space may be active only in a certain moment of time, the important notion of being beyond time is discussed. Ultimately, the conclusion is drawn that the conceptualisation of time as distance, noticed in To the Lighthouse, is also found in As I Lay Dying. Both Woolf and Faulkner respond to elusive and obscure modern temporality and succeed in creating links between the past and the present.

Woody Allen's Manhattan. Poetics of the Introduction

Marek Hendrykowski’s innovative study on the four-minute opening sequence to Manhattan analyses one of the most beautiful introductions in the history of world cinema. Its subtle simultaneous construction based on European and American traditions and key canonical texts of 20th-century art: Walther Ruttmann’s Berlin: Symphony of the City, John Dos Passos’s Manhattan Transfer and George Gershwin’s Blue Rapsody. A semiotic apparatus has been included, along with deep explanatory commentaries and close-readings that identify step-by-step the details of its content, contradictory fiction-nonfiction relationships, and the roles of visual image, word and music, narrative, personal point of view, and stream of consciousness technique in the film. The suggestive film overture to Manhattan composed by Woody Allen represents continuities as well as disruptions, sustained between avant-garde artistic tradition and film art of the 1970s.

Stream Of Consciousness Technique and Modern Novel: Psychological and Methodological Perspectives on Language Learning

The main thesis of this commentary relates to the great influence of Literature, both fiction and literary criticism, and especially the stream of consciousness phenomenon in learning a foreign language. In desire to express the huge influences of literature, the stream of consciousness technique and human mental activities on learning foreign language, the author of this review tries partly to explain the basic thesis as the individual component of the complex and unbreakable connection among these three categories (literature, applied linguistics and psychology) covered by the mantle of cultural codex. The book entitled Globalization and management in foreign language learning process: English at the beginning of the third millennium by Dr. Slobodanka Djolic brings together a combination of divergent theoretical and practical approaches to the foreign language learning process and to the complex psychological phenomenon- stream of consciousness- in an era in which this phenomenon has become a landmark of literary theory. Really, the book is an methodological innovation which expresses the process of learning foreign languages as the equivalent of stream of consciousness writing technique through the prism of psychoanalytical approach to the spontaneous assimilation of different issues surrounding this phenomenon, appearing in the human psych as the part of conscious consciousness, unconscious consciousness or sub-consciousness. All these parameters participate in the learning process but mainly we cannot define them consciously. I. Psychoanalytical And Literary Approaches To The Stream Of Consciousness Phenomenon

Paradigms of flexible configurations: I-generation and Beijing-punks in Wang Meng, Xu Xing, and Chun Shu

This article examines the contested drama of the epic quest of self-identity through a critical rereading of three works by Beijing writers from three different generations, describing Beijing life during three different time periods: Wang Meng’s “Kite Streamers” (1979), Xu Xing’s “Variations Without a Theme” (1985), and Chun Shu’s Beijing Doll (2001). Wang Meng’s protagonists occupy a limited space between their individual dreams and the tarnished collective ideals in the late 1970s. The groundbreaking stream of consciousness technique that Wang Meng ushered in illustrates a rupture between the repressive ideology of the past and an unconscious world of personal desires. Xu Xing’s protagonist is forever wandering Beijing’s streets, positioning himself on the margins of social space. His unfixed identity creates a detached, even schizophrenic, perspective while at the same time it empowers a subjectively critical engagement in the 1980s. Chun Shu (the name of both the writer and the protagonist), an icon of the so-called New New Human Being movement in 21st-century Beijing, who longs for a luxurious living space and celebrates the electronic euphoria, as this article argues, is nothing more than a cybernetic punk of post-modern consumerism and post-socialist nihilism.