Technology Development Strategy Research Articles

Coupling and Coordinated Development of Digital Economy and Rural Revitalisation and Analysis of Influencing Factors

Under the strategy of digital technology development and rural revitalisation, the digital economy has gradually become a powerful engine for rural revitalisation and development. Based on the coupling coordination mechanism of digital economy and rural revitalisation, this paper constructs the index evaluation system of digital economy and rural revitalisation and empirically studies the development characteristics of digital economy and rural revitalisation by using the coupling coordination degree and grey relation model. The results show that during 2016–2020, the overall development level of digital economy and rural revitalisation in China is high in the East and low in the West. The coupling coordination between digital economy and rural revitalisation has significant regional differences and a downward trend, and the coupling coordination degree is positively correlated. The empirical results of the grey correlation model show that the number of postal employees and per capital grain production are the most important potential factors affecting digital economy and rural revitalisation, respectively. Finally, it is suggested that the government should continue to increase investment in science, technology, and agriculture, accelerate the project of cultivating high-level scientific and technological innovation and rural management talents, and strengthen regional cooperation and collaboration.

Review Transfer of Technology and Local Content & Offsets to Indonesia on the Procurement of Rafale Fighter Jets

Indonesia's decision in the procurement of the 4.5th generation Rafale fighter jets was agreed to replace the obsolete aircraft Hawk 109/209 and grounded F-5. The selection of Rafale was not only based on the defense relationship between Indonesia and France that had existed for a very long time but also based on the foreign policy adopted by Indonesia. The free and active foreign policy is shown by several defense equipment owned by Indonesia, not only from a particular country. The government's considerations in choosing the Rafale to strengthen the TNI and cooperation in the defense sector with France include: Advantages of the Rafale Fighter Jet, Long-Term Investment in Indonesian Alutsista, Development of Defense Industry Cooperation, Budget Efficiency, Aspects of Defense and Political Strategy, and Free Guarantee from CAATSA Sanctions. In this case, it is expected that Indonesia will not rely on the procurement of defense equipment from abroad, and the implementation of the Transfer of Technology, Local Content and Offsets on Rafale fighter jets can run as expected, therefore a strategy is needed in accelerating defense acquisition, where there are three strategies for technological development and the defense industry to improve significantly.

Scientific and Technological Priorities in the Federal Spatial Development Policy in Russia

The need to activate and increase the effectiveness of science and technology policy in the modern conditions of the development of the Russian economy requires, among other things, the definition of spatial priorities of such a policy. It is proposed to assess the spatial component in the federal science and technology policy according to its compliance with such requirements as the widest possible coverage of territories with potential for scientific and technological development by federal support, the correctness of the assessment of such potential, the presence of a well-built system of support tools and compliance of higher education with the needs of scientific and technological development. It is shown that there are unresolved problems in each of these areas, including those related to the shortcomings of official statistics (there is no information on the actual number of researchers in the equivalent of full employment, on the structure of university students), with the disunity of measures to support scientific and technological development of territories (technological special economic zones, science cities, techno-parks in the field of high technologies, state scientific, innovative scientific-technological and scientific-educational centers), in some cases, insufficient elaboration of such measures. As a result, the geography of federal support for scientific and technological development develops spontaneously, spatial priorities of such a policy are not defined, the location of federal and national research universities does not always correspond to the location of research centers. The article suggests ways to solve these problems, including the development of a spatial strategy for scientific and technological development and embedding it into a new strategy for the spatial development of the country.

Organizational and Legal Mechanisms for Integrating a «One-Time» Type of Dissertation Council into the State System of Scientific Certification in the context of Implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of Russia

The paper analyzes the experience of organizations that have the right to independently award academic degrees as to the issues of regulating the types of dissertation councils. The author provides examples of organizations that regulate the functioning of councils for the defense of individual dissertations for scientific degrees. The characteristic features of «one-time» dissertation councils are highlighted. The positive and negative aspects of the introduction of a «one-time» type of dissertation council into the state system of scientific certification are considered. The author proposes possible options for the normative fixing of individual mechanisms as to the functioning of the «one-time» type of dissertation council, as well as measures of responsibility for conducting an unfair dissertation defense. It is concluded that the integration of this type of dissertation council into the system of scientific certification will contribute to the achievement of the goal of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. This will also make it possible to solve a number of tasks facing the state amid great challenges, such as ensuring the formation of Russia’s leadership in scientific and technological sphere and overcoming the concentration of research potential in certain regions of the country.

ВЛАГОАККУМУЛИРУЮЩАЯ ТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ И ПОСЕВА – РАЗВИТИЕ УЧЕНИЙ Т.С. МАЛЬЦЕВА ПО ОРГАНИЧЕСКОМУ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЮ

The article presents the results of the long-term research on the developed complex of tillage and seeding machines in various soil and climatic conditions of the Russian Federation. The technical, economic, technological and environmental advantages of the developed soil treatment technologies and machines in comparison with foreign analogues are shown. The developed technologies for soil cultivation and the technical means for their implementation make it possible to reduce the negative impact of the propulsors of machine and tractor units on the soil and rationally use means of chemical protection of agricultural plants, which corresponds to the strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and allows for the transition to highly productive and environmentally friendly farming, ultimately obtaining high-quality food products

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СТАРТАПОВ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИОННОГО ПЕРИОДА

The modern transformational stage of the development of the Russian economy and the urgency of the problem of import substitution, increase interest in the search for means and methods of developing their own production, focused on innovation. As modern world experience shows, startups can become the basis of the innovative economy of a country as a source of driving forces and the most vulnerable period of the formation of an innovative business, the success of which depends on the possibility of implementing a Strategy of advanced development. This explains the relevance of the study of the problems of startup development in Russia. The purpose of the study is to determine the genesis of the term “startup”, to determine the actual problems of attracting investments by startups of the Russian Federation, depending on the stages of their life cycle. The practical significance of the work consists in the possibility of using the results in the development of a Strategy for advanced scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation

Spatial Modelling of the Impact of R&D Potential on the Dynamics of Scientific and Technological Development of Russian Regions

The study of the scientific and technological development of Russia's regions is important for several reasons. Firstly, the development of advanced production technologies is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of Russian industry and ensuring the country's technological sovereignty. Secondly, analyzing the impact of science expenditures, the number of researchers and the number of organizations on the development of advanced technologies will help to identify the factors that either promote or hinder scientific and technological progress in different regions. This, in turn, can serve as the basis for developing proposals to update the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, as well as the development strategies of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the dynamics of the regions' R&D potential on the dynamics of advanced production technologies developed within those regions using spatial modelling methods. The following hypothesis has been proposed - increasing budget expenditures on science and technology has a positive impact on the development of advanced manufacturing technologies in Russian regions. The novelty of the methodological approach lies in the use of spatial modelling methods applying several spatial weight matrices. In the course of the study, it was confirmed that the dynamics of the newly developed advanced production technologies is positively influenced by the engineering and technical personnel based in the neighboring regions who are engaged in research and development, as well as by the financial resources allocated to scientific organizations of the surrounding regions to conduct fundamental research. According to Durbin's model, the number of R&D organizations operating in the surrounding regions and the amount of funding allocated for applied research and development have a negative impact on the dynamics of developed advanced technologies. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the identification of factors affecting the creation of domestic advanced manufacturing technologies. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using these results to form strategies to promote scientific and technological development of the regions of the Russian Federation under modern conditions.

НЕОДНОЗНАЧНОСТЬ ХАРАКТЕРА ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ИНТЕГРИРОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ В РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ СЕКТОРА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The article discusses the preferential and negative effects of integrating innovative solutions in various sectors of management. Positive and negative trends in a number of key innovative areas of economic activity are highlighted. The main “pain points” of the results of the application of innovations are identified, the toxic dependencies of the use of innovative solutions in the technological, social, economic and environmental sectors are characterized. The emphasis is placed on the need for detailed research in the field of the negative impact of the introduction of innovative products into production and life processes of the population. Guidelines are formulated to minimize damage from adverse consequences in accordance with the strategy of scientific and technological development of Russia, including regulatory, socio-economic, financial, industrial and environmental regulation.

АНАЛІЗ РОЗВИТКУ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО РИНКУ АУТСОРСИНГУ В ІТ-БІЗНЕСІ

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the global IT outsourcing market, highlighting its historical roots, current state and future prospects. The paper examines key moments and transformations in the industry, from the early days of outsourcing to its current scale. Particular attention is paid to the impact of technological innovations such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain on market dynamics. The article analyses how outsourcing affects countries' economies, labour markets, and social structures, with a particular focus on changes in the global distribution of jobs and economic growth. The article also includes forecasts of future market trends, taking into account current technological changes and global economic factors. In the context of rapid globalisation, the IT services market is experiencing significant growth. Global outsourcing, as a tool for business expansion and cost optimisation, is becoming a key success factor for many companies. Outsourcing allows companies to reduce costs and focus on their core competencies, which is especially important in the highly competitive IT sector. Given the rapid development of the IT sector in Ukraine, it is important to study the country's role in the global outsourcing market to assess the potential and capabilities of local professionals and companies. Thus, this topic is highly relevant, given its impact on the international economy, technology development and business strategies. Its study opens up broad prospects for analysing IT outsourcing, taking into account both global and local contexts. An important part of the article is the recommendations for various stakeholders, including outsourcing companies, service providers, policy makers and researchers. These recommendations are aimed at optimising the use of outsourcing in the IT industry, ensuring balanced and sustainable growth of the industry. The article uses data from a variety of sources, including market research, analytical reports and expert interviews, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in the development of the global outsourcing market in the IT business.

Implementation of complex scientific and technical programs at the late stages of operation of oil and gas fields

The use of digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) methods in the oil and gas industry is a tool for ensuring economic efficiency, preserving competencies and human potential, contributes to the growth of the resource base, the implementation of design regimes and the extension of production at the final stage of operation of oil and gas fields. The driver of digitalization of the oil and gas industry is fierce competition in the global gas market and in the future only companies that are seriously and permanently engaged in investing in fundamental and applied research in the field of digital modernization of production will develop. The complex project «Digital and technological modernization of the world’s largest West Siberian Gas Production Center» has been prepared on the basis of the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation; it corresponds to the priorities and goals of state policy in the implementation of comprehensive scientific and technical programs of the full innovation cycle and involves the creation of highly efficient key components of the unified intellectual field line based on technologies that ensure economic and technological independence of digital production and creation of high-tech products and services in demand in the domestic and foreign gas markets. Keywords: program; information; innovation; transformation; cycle; modernization; economy; digital platform; oil and gas field.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ТА ЙОГО ЗНАЧЕННЯ В УПРАВЛІННІ СУЧАСНИМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ

The article substantiates the conceptual foundations of technological management and its importance in the management of modern enterprises. It is investigated that technological management provides management of the technological development of the enterprise. To solve the goals and objectives of technological management, it is necessary to form an external environment with state support, technological innovative development of the enterprise, the introduction of innovation, investment, technological policy of the state, as well as the formation of a favorable scientific and investment environment. It was revealed that at the level of each individual enterprise, technological management requires the formation, adoption and phased implementation of the technological development strategy of the enterprise, with the development of an appropriate management system to achieve all the goals and objectives of technological development at the strategic, tactical and operational level of the enterprise. It is determined that the company has three main levels of technological management: strategic, tactical and operational, integrated into a single system of technological management. It is determined that technological management should be applied continuously, at all stages of the life cycle of an enterprise, since the change in technology determines, forms and directs the life cycle. It was revealed that technology management makes it possible to ensure continuous development and avoidance of stages of decline in financial economic activity and the development of crisis phenomena. It is generalized that technological management involves the active development, creation, introduction of innovations, the creation of new and improvement of existing technologies and the decision to abandon outdated technologies, and thus will ensure the technological renewal of products and technologies for its release, which will ensure high competitiveness of the company's products in the market, its effective implementation and profitability and will ensure dynamic technological and economic development of the enterprise in the future.

Collegial Forms of Implementation of Directionality in National Innovation Strategies

The normative turn that occurred as a result of radical reforms in science, technology, and innovation policies in various countries has sparked a broad discussion around the “directionality-neutrality” dilemma in science, technology, and innovation (STI) development strategies. However, despite a number of recent publications and science and innovation policy programs, the relationship between these two principles, including the practice of their application by government agencies, remains understudied. A representative analysis (using qualitative methods) of the two national STI councils and their role in strategy development, focusing on the process of approach selection and its value orientation, will fill this gap. On the basis of the collected information and scientific literature, the connection with different policy options is identified. It is shown that the role of the councils is determined by their powers and resources and the boundaries of relevant practices and directions for further research are outlined.

Methods for Determining Promising Areas of Research by Scientometric Analysis of Scientific Publications

The issues of identifying promising areas of scientific research, including scientometric methods, are considered. It has been revealed that scientometric analysis of scientific publications is used to evaluate the results of the activities of educational and scientific institutions. An analysis of the publication activity of Russian researchers, including in the priority area of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, is presented. The necessity of developing a national system for evaluating scientific activity is shown.

Determination of factors of territorial connection of the country for development of multimodal air transport system

In modern economic realities, scientific and technical programs and innovative projects of a full cycle should become the dominant tools necessary for the effective implementation of the strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. Specially created souncils, the scope of which is related to the determination of priorities in the development of national science, should carry out the procedures for the formation and expert selection of innovative programs / projects of the full cycle. A list of complex scientific and technological projects proposed in the formation of the list of measures for 2020-2022 within the framework of the subprogram "Aviation Science and Technology" of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Development of Aviation Industry for 2013-2025" was compiled. A list of general goals of scientific and technological development of aircraft construction is presented. The most priority directions of scientific and technological development of modern civil aircraft construction have been determined. The authors considered the main goals, objectives and composition of the components included in the integrated air transport system. As a practical example, the formation of the appearance of a promising air transport system in terms of creating innovative technologies for existing and future aircraft, taking into account its integration into the multimodal transport system of the Russian Federation, is considered. The authors of the article propose a new approach to the development of a program / project of a complete innovation cycle based on the use of "gate" approach. The tasks of interaction with the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on the creation of air transport system are considered.

Mechanisms for implementing the strategy of scientific and technological development in the European Union

Mechanisms for implementing the strategy of scientific and technological development in the European Union

Three-dimensional SEI framework induced by ion regulation in toroidal magnetic field for lithium metal battery

Lithium metal batteries are considered to have great potential as rechargeable batteries in next-generation energy storage devices. However, the generation of dead lithium and lithium dendrites caused by the rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) during cycling limits the application of lithium metal batteries. While tremendous efforts have been devoted to modification of SEI, the long-term and stable use of residual SEI has rarely been studied. Herein, we design a LiF-rich three-dimensional SEI framework (3DSF) formed in a toroidal magnetic field. This 3DSF can induce the uniform bottom-up deposition of lithium metal in the channel structure and realize 1,300 cycles at a high current density of 50 mA/cm2. The capacity of the battery paired with a high mass-loading LiFePO4 cathode (18.3 mg/cm2) maintains 98.2% at 1 C after 150 cycles. This work provides a simple and practical strategy for the additive free development of lithium metal battery technology.

Predicting Future Promising Technologies Using LSTM

With advances in science and technology and changes in industry, research on promising future technologies has emerged as important. Furthermore, with the advent of a ubiquitous and smart environment, governments and enterprises are required to predict future promising technologies on which new important core technologies will be developed. Therefore, this study aimed to establish science and technology development strategies and support business activities by predicting future promising technologies using big data and deep learning models. The names of the “TOP 10 Emerging Technologies” from 2018 to 2021 selected by the World Economic Forum were used as keywords. Next, patents collected from the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Science Citation Index (SCI) papers collected from the Web of Science database were analyzed using a time-series forecast. For each technology, the number of patents and SCI papers in 2022, 2023 and 2024 were predicted using the long short-term memory model with the number of patents and SCI papers from 1980 to 2021 as input data. Promising technologies are determined based on the predicted number of patents and SCI papers for the next three years. Keywords characterizing future promising technologies are extracted by analyzing abstracts of patent data collected for each technology and the term frequency-inverse document frequency is measured for each patent abstract. The research results can help business managers make optimal decisions in the present situation and provide researchers with an understanding of the direction of technology development.

An Investigation of Opportunity Charging with Hybrid Energy Storage System on Electric Bus with Two-Speed Transmission

As one of the most popular and important forms of massive transit, the public bus contributes to a healthier environment compared to private vehicles. Through the electrification of the public bus, energy consumption, carbon emission, and air pollution can be significantly reduced. However, the limited driving range and high battery replacement cost put significant barriers to its large-scale commercialization. Thanks to the development of wireless charging technology and opportunity charging strategy, the driving range can be improved. However, the battery has to suffer additional impulse current generated by opportunity wireless charging. In this paper, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that combines battery and supercapacitor and related energy control strategy is proposed to smoothen the impulse current and extend the battery lifespan. A comprehensive investigation of the combined impacts of the opportunity charging and HESS is carried out in terms of driving range extension and battery lifespan improvement. The detailed HESS model and powertrain model are built. A global optimizing method, dynamic programming, is adopted as the energy management strategy under the Chinese heavy-duty commercial vehicle test cycle-bus (CHTC-B). A battery degradation model is employed to evaluate its health with 60 kW wireless charging. The results demonstrate that the proposed energy control strategy for HESS could improve battery health and extend bus driving range concurrently via opportunity charging.

The Configuration of Older Users as Drivers of Innovation in the Design of Digital Technologies

This paper develops hypotheses on the discovery of older people as "users" in the publicly funded development of digital technologies and underlying innovation policy motives. We then describe the effects of this innovation policy on the development of products and older people as their users in the context of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). To this end, we reconstruct the involvement of users in two AAL funding programs, one at the European level and one at the national level (Germany). Based on this, we discuss the resulting consequences by describing how older people are configured as users in technology development with a focus on the concept of user-centered design (UCD) and what this configuration means for the developed technologies as well as for the older users. We describe how the participation of older people in technology development projects is a complex task that is not without controversy in social science research on user participation. We conclude by arguing for alternative technology development strategies and funding practices.

The current state and prospects for the development of food production and food additives in the Russian Federation

The level of food independence of the Russian Federation, achieved in 2021 has been assessed. It is noted that, despite positive trends, not all sectors of the food and processing industry show a stable growth in production. The main problems of most sectors of the food and processing industry, in addition to the need to modernize the technical base, include the lack of development of the raw material base, as well as the low level of the logistics system. In addition, all sectors of the food and processing industry are heavily dependent on imported food additives. It should be noted that the Russian Federation has a sufficient amount of raw materials for the production of more than 140 types of food additives, while the most promising are secondary resources resulting from the processing of agricultural raw materials. Deep processing of these resources with the production of food additives allows not only to solve environmental problems for their disposal, but also to reduce the cost of food additives. The most promising by-products and secondary resources formed during the processing of agricultural raw materials, which are valuable sources for obtaining food additives, are given. To reduce import dependence and ensure a high level of food security, it is of paramount importance to conduct fundamental and exploratory research in accordance with the priority areas of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation to develop innovative technologies for the deep processing of by-products and secondary resources resulting from the processing of agricultural raw materials, in order to obtain food additives.