Technology Development Strategy Research Articles

Implementation of the state policy in the field of innovation

In the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, the main goal is to ensure the competitiveness and independence of the state by forming an effective system of the most complete application and development of the intellectual potential of the state. The main directions in the work of the Government of the Russian Federation, for the period up to 2024, is the formation of conditions for the entry of the Russian Federation into the top five leading countries in the field of R D, represented by the priorities of scientific and technological development of the state, determined by this Strategy.These areas are represented by the Program, which is the main mechanism for implementing the Strategy. It is aimed at increasing the socio-economic effect of applying the results of scientific research and intellectual activity, significantly increasing the efficiency of using budget funds and extra-budgetary sources to finance R D, by switching to the qualified customer model. The Strategy also provides for measures to develop the level of capitalization of the educational potential of the population to fulfill the tasks of technical modernization of industrial production, development of entrepreneurial structures of all types, attracting talents, social mobility, ensuring the required rates of economic growth, as well as the quality of life of society

Key Engineering Technologies to Achieve Green, Intelligent, and Sustainable Development of Deep Metal Mines in China

Abstract The object of this article is to present the innovative technology system for the deep mining of metal mines in China. Based on the current situation and major problems of deep mining of metal mineral resources in China, the key engineering technology development strategies to solve the problems, such as the green intelligent mining modes, are proposed, which is conducive to ensuring the safety of mineral resources supply and the sustainable development of the national economy in China.

The effectiveness of research in animal husbandry through the prism of publication activity

Recently, the effectiveness of research is largely determined by the indicators of publication activity. According to these indicators it is customary to evaluate individual scientists, research teams, research centers, educational institutions and even states. Various international scientometric systems are used for the analysis, among which Web of Science and Scopus are the liders. The Strategy of scientific and technological development of our country, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (dated December 1, 2016 No. 642), the priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the innovative development of the domestic market of products and services, the stable position of Russia in the foreign market are determined. The purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of research in animal husbandry through the prism of publication activity in the scientometric systems Web of Science and Scopus. As a result of the analysis the share of publications of Russian scientists in journals and publications included in the international scientometric systems Web of Science and Scopus including in animal husbandry has been determined. A significant lag in the publication activity of domestic scientists in the analyzed systems from colleagues of leading Western countries has been established. Among the total number of publications reflected on the Web of Science platform for 2010–2020, 857 468 pieces or three quarters of the total set of scientific articles, preprints and monographs in the world are devoted to the problems of animal husbandry, which indicates the importance of this branch of science for the world economy.

Scientific and scientific and technical expertise: problems of system formation

The legal grounds for expertise in the scientific sphere are laid in the Federal Law “About Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy”, which states that public authorities of the Russian Federation and public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation organize the expertise of scientific and technical programs and projects financed by the corresponding budget. It is pointed out that there is a need for expert evaluation of the results of ongoing research and development in The Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. The issues of organizing and conducting expert evaluations in certain areas of activity are sorted out on the basis of a number of “sectoral” federal laws, by-laws and methodological recommendations. Despitethe abundance of normative-legal documents, many fundamental issues related to scientific and scientific-technical expert activity remain unresolved yet. For example, the federal legislation does not define the procedure of organizing and conducting scientific and scientific-technical expertise, the relations between the participants, their rights and obligations. Meanwhile, much depends on quality and unbiased expertise in the scientific sphere, including the development of fair competition for resources. The authors seek to analyze from theoretical, legal and practical point of view the unresolved problems in the areas of scientific and scientific-technical expertise and its competitive component, and to make up appropriate recommendations, including those related to expert activity at the level of public authorities and in state funds supporting science. It is also proposed to come back to the issue of adopting a basic law on scientific and scientific-technical expertise, sipulating the leading role of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the independent expertise of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative projects.

«Большие вызовы» как фактор трансформации государственно-правовых отношений

Introduction: in recent years the “big challenges” category has rapidly come into language use. From the word combination of a prognostic-journalistic nature, the expression has penetrated normative legal acts, becoming a legal category that can potentially change social relations. However, in legal acts and a fairly small catalog of legal scientific publications, this construct is considered through the prism of socio-economic relations; its legal essence and possible state-legal transformations that may follow it are not highlighted. Purpose: to give an overview of the “big challenges” category through its genesis, transformation, and through the prism of legal realities. Methods: the methodological framework for the study was made up of general scientific methods – analysis and synthesis, as well as specific scientific methods – formal-legal and comparative-legal. Results: big challenges, initially referring to the category of scientific knowledge of the IT sphere, are subsequently used concerning a wide group of public relations, finding their consolidation in the program documents of an international and national nature. At the domestic level, acts are not only a declaration of intent but also a mandatory work plan for public authorities. In Russia, the final consolidation of the term “big challenges” in public-legal rhetoric took place in 2016, which led to the introduction of changes or the appearance of new legal acts of a planned nature. Conclusions: despite the legal definition of “big challenges” in the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, there is still no legal description of the institution under consideration, although it carries huge legal potential, including in the field of public administration, laying the foundations for such a promising way of influencing social relations as smart regulation. An attempt is made to define “big challenges” in the legal discourse.

Logical Interpretation of China’s Science and Technology Development Strategy in the New Era

Logical Interpretation of China’s Science and Technology Development Strategy in the New Era

Agricultural science in the publication dimension

The purpose of the research was to determine the publication activity of agricultural science. The analysis uses data from the leading international scientometric systems Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. The authors compared the number of publications and citations in the framework of priority G of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation (SNTR), which includes key areas of development of the agro-food complex. Russia was compared with the leading countries of the world in terms of publication activity, mainly for 2010-2020, on the basis of which a world map was compiled and a ranking of states was conducted. It is established that the literature on agricultural sciences occupies an insignificant share among all scientific literature in Russia and in the world. The structure of publications in the areas of priority of G SNTR is defined. With the help of semantic analysis, priority directions of advanced scientific thought are identified, which allows us to predict the subsequent appearance of progressive technologies and innovations. The world and Russian research agendas were compared, which made it possible to identify coincidences and differences in scientific topics. The necessity of taking into account the specifics of the domestic agricultural sector when choosing research priorities is justified. The expediency of combining the use of advanced technologies with the preservation of effective traditional production methods is emphasized, which contributes to the realization of the competitive advantages of the Russian agri-food system. The number of Russian journals according to the priority of G SNTR in the WoS and Scopus systems with their distribution by quartile is shown. The data of comparative analysis of leading countries in terms of citation indicators, as well as comparison of patent activity, export and import of technologies to Russia are presented.

Developing and (not) implementing radical energy efficiency innovations: A case study of R&D projects in the Norwegian manufacturing industry

The prospect of enabling more sustainable industries through energy efficiency innovations has received increased attention in policy and research. In Norway, previous studies have identified a techno-economic potential of 12 TWh reduction in direct energy use and an additional 10 TWh utilization of surplus heat, in industries. However, the novelty and complexity of energy efficient technologies can make their adoption, and hence utilizing this potential, difficult. This paper explores the development and implementation of two high-temperature heat pumps and one heat recovery concept in three R&D projects in the Norwegian manufacturing industry. Our qualitative research finds and explores three implementation paradoxes: 1) While the novelty of innovations partly explains why they are difficult to implement, novelty is also a motivator for firms' technology development strategies. 2) Both innovations close to core production technologies, as well as seemingly incremental innovations, can have system-wide consequences in the organizations, making them difficult to implement. 3) While implementation windows (changes to organizations and technical systems) positively affect firms’ motivation, ability, and opportunity to develop and adopt innovations, these situations introduce time constraints, putting pressure on less mature technical solutions and R&D processes. Through unpacking these seemingly opposing dynamics, we find that the same factors can both promote and inhibit adoption of technologies during different stages of innovation processes. We discuss the managerial implications on how firms can align R&D collaborations with implementation opportunities, to enhance adoption of radical energy efficiency innovations. In conclusion, we discuss how these contributions can translate into future quantitative research.

Present status and development trend of Acoustic releaser

Acoustics releaser plays an important role in the recovery of marine surveying system. This paper analyses and introduces present situation of the acoustics releaser in our country. Finally, main technology development direction and strategy of localization are put forward in the paper. The paper mainly includes research status quo outside and in China as well as key technical problems in design of underwater acoustic releasers.

FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE IT SPECIALISTS

The purpose of the study is aimed at performing a verification of the teaching conditions for effective communicative competence formation of the future IT professionals. Creating conditions of success, motivation enhancement, use of engaging group work, encouraging students’ participation in project work are the key factors and conditions for effective communicative competence formation. Scientific literature analysis, "communicative competence" concept clarification; analysis of pedagogical conditions of IT students’ communicative competence formation is discussed in details. Research methodology used is questionnaire, interview, quantitative and qualitative data analysis and processing of the results as well as analysis of class observation in AITU done within the IT students’ communicative competencies research. The national technological development strategy focuses both on the development of science-intensive technologies and technological cooperation and partnership. The need of society in IT specialists with a high personal and professional culture is determined by the need of a sufficient level of communicative competence to build professional relationships in workplace.

Development of Political Science in the Republic of Mordovia: 1991–2021

Introduction. The relevance of the analysis of the development of political science in the Republic of Mordovia is associated with the 90th anniversary of the National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, the 30th anniversary of the creation of the Department of Political Science in its structure and the 20th anniversary of political science education in the region. Methods. Historical, comparative retrospective and systems analysis were applied in the work. Results. Over the thirty-year period, political science in the Republic of Mordovia has come a long way in the field of educational and scientific activities. The article identifies three stages of its development: 1) 1991–2000; 2) 2001–2014; 3) since 2015. At present, the university, on the basis of the graduating department of general history, political science and regional studies, is training professional political scientists within the framework of bachelor’s, master’s and postgraduate studies. Fundamental and applied political science research is conducted in this department. Research in certain areas of political science is being conducted today in other educational and scientific institutions of the Republic of Mordovia. Discussion and Conclusion. Political science in the Republic of Mordovia from 1991 to 2021 has come a long way and achieved noticeable results in the field of science and education. An original political science school was formed in the region, which is based on the study of territorial aspects of politics. Currently, there is an expansion of thematic areas in accordance with the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation.

Choosing the best solutions for multimodal oil transportation

Background: to organize multimodal transportation and choose the best route option for fuel delivery, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for choosing the best solution from the considered ones. This is indicated in the Strategy of scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Railways Holding Company for the period up to 2025 and for the future of 2030 ("White Paper", where on pages 25-26 it is said about the need to develop new transport and logistics products and services in global transport chains in the development of multimodal transport and the need to develop and organize new multimodal freight transport). Federal Railway Administrations of the United States, page 127 of the White Paper, points to the need to improve the methodology of integrated multimodal transport planning at the global, national and regional levels, increase the demand for transport and logistics services, and transition to supply chain management. Aim: to develop a method for multi-criteria rationalization of the choice of multimodal transport routes with the possibility of considering hypothetical options. Materials and Methods: the fundamental works of leading scientists in the field of improving the efficiency of production in accordance with the needs of the economy in transportation A.V. Annenkov, P.B. Romanova were used. In the field of justification of decisions on cargo terminals, determining the volume of tank farms with the possibility of their expansion O.B. Malikov, V.N. Sapronov. The application of multi-criteria rationalization by comparing the criteria under consideration is given in the work of A.T. Osminin, which developed a scientifically based method aimed at creating analytical and control systems. In the field of risk analysis and assessment of the work of A.G. Kotenko. The works of A.Y. Akhriev, A.B. Egorov, A.A. Kalushin, V.N. Mirushkin, E.V. Pasyunin, and A.V. Savelyev were studied in the field of improving the optimization of the oil transshipment complex, and the works of M.A. Nazarov and O.M. Sergeeva in the segment of logistics of river and sea oil transportation. Results: it consists in improving the quality of solutions to problems in the transportation of liquid fuel by means of transport in multimodal communication based on the use of the developed method. The set of criteria considered in the method allows you to set and solve transport problems with almost no restrictions on complexity, which in each case allows you to get better results. Conclusion: Using the method in practice allows not only to objectively find the best solution from the considered ones, but also to study hypothetical transportation schemes with the possible construction of new tracks and their elements, and compare existing and new schemes by a set of criteria, including construction costs and payback time of new tracks, and as a result find the best solution to the task.

Future WARFARE and Artificial Intelligence Applications in the ROK Military: Problems and Alternatives

Purpose: This article explores the most likely impacts of Artificial Intelligence(AI) on the character of future warfare, focuses on how AI will change just about the way we fight in the battlefield, analyzes the current status and problems of AI applications in the ROK military, and then suggests several policy alternatives with regard to future development of the ROK military’s war-fighting capabilities with AI and autonomous systems (i.e., robots). Method: This article uses a literature review method that collects and analyzes data through existing research results or literatures. In order to understand the research trends of AI-driven warfare, professional military papers related to future operational concepts and doctrines are analyzed. In addition, data published by the Army, Navy, and Air Force Headquarters is referenced for the current state and problems of AI application of the ROK military. In particular, the latest data is mainly reflected in order not to miss important issues related to the rapidly changing military application of AI. Results: AI-driven future warfare will have three broad trends, that is, the acceleration of multi-domain battle, the generalization of cognitive-centered operations, and the Acceleration of Human-machine Fusion and increased ambiguity of blurring distinction between combatants and non-combatants. AI applications in the ROK military, however, is somewhat behind advanced countries, and currently stays at the conceptual level and exists mostly on paper. It still does not act to convert AI technology for military use, and not adapt it for operational concepts and acquisition process of weapons systems. For this reason, the ROK military needs to actively pursue various AI technology development strategies that can be used in conducting complex war-fighting within the full spectrum of conflicts. Conclusion: The ROK military needs to discard ineffective legacy weapons systems and prioritize investment in advanced technologies including AI, and streamline its cumbersome weapons acquisition and sustainment process and procedure as a means to win the AI race with other countries. With AI, the ROK military will be ableto create more agile, flexible and lethal war-fighting capabilities in strategic, operational, and tactical dimensions.

Agile Roadmapping: An Adaptive Approach to Technology Foresight

Technology roadmapping has become an important foresight tool for science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy and technology strategy development. There are, however, challenges in translating evidence from foresight into the strategies of STI agencies and the planning of research & technology development (RTD) organizations. While the foresight evaluation literature identifies methodological issues related to evidence granularity, scope, and stakeholder confidence, there is limited guidance on how to ensure roadmapping outputs are strategically relevant, appropriately detailed, and credible. This paper highlights the potential of using structured visual roadmapping frameworks to anticipate potential strategic foresight evidence failures and using the adaptive and iterative nature of roadmapping processes to address them. In this paper, we distinguish between: the roadmapping framework ‘canvas’; the foresight evidence captured on the canvas; the process of generating the evidence; and any final strategic plan developed using that evidence (with goals, milestones, actions, etc). We investigate efforts to use the roadmapping canvas as a research tool and diagnostic to explore emerging technology trajectories and innovation ‘pathways’. We demonstrate that key patterns of evidence distribution on the roadmapping canvas have the potential to reveal where further evidence may need to be gathered, or where further triangulation of stakeholder perspectives may be required. We argue that by adaptively addressing these patterns at key stages within the roadmapping process (and appropriately re-scoping, re-prioritizing, and re-focusing foresight effort and resources), the granularity, coverage, and consensus of the roadmapping evidence can be greatly enhanced. We conclude the paper by summarizing a set of novel principles for adaptive agile roadmapping, reflecting on the implications for foresight more generally, and outlining a future research agenda to test and refine this approach to agile foresight.

Оценка финансовых возможностей реализации инновационного потенциала горными предприятиями цветной металлургии Севера и Арктики

The analysis of methods for assessing the financial opportunities for increasing the economic efficiency of industrial enterprises using absolute and relative indicators and coefficients was carried out. A mechanism for determining financial possibilities for realizing innovative potential of northern mining enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy, based on the method of assessing the three-component coefficient, which allows choosing the most rational strategy of scientific and technological development, taking into account financial resources and features of production functioning in the northern regions of the Russian Federation, was developed. It is shown that the proposed methodology can be used with limited infor-mation in the accounting statements provided in public access. On the basis of objective indicators, the research of innovation activity of twenty industrial enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy directly operating in the North and the Arctic and included as subsidiaries and branches of seven largest corporations — PJSC MMC “Norilsk Nickel”, JSC “Mine Karalveem”, PJSC “Acron”, JSC “Mining company “Berelekh”, PJSC “Seligdar”, OJSC “Susumanzoloto”, JSC “Polymetal” for the period 2013–2019 was carried out. Studies showed the dependence of the innovation activity of northern enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy on the level of financial security revealed by the method of assessing the three-component coefficient. Scientifically substantiated possibility of developing and implementing a strategy of innovation development of enterprises for the medium and long term periods based on the level of financial security is shown. Enterprises with high financial security or in special cases (with additional investments with normal financial security) are able to generate innovation technologies. As the analysis has shown, the majority of northern enterprises have low financial security, which does not allow them to count on effective innovative development without attracting a significant amount of targeted investments.

Science, technology and education as factors of national security

The article shows that for the development of science, technology, and education, it is necessary to create an adequate information and analytical system to support the adoption of effective management decisions. One of the main difficulties of this task is that it should be solved comprehensively, and not in fragments, as it is done at present. After all, in the structure of the Russian Government there is no body for centralized management of the solution of this issue. Therefore, many state programs in this area are not coordinated with each other and are not supported by the necessary personnel, standards, and legal and information provision. All this will have to be created anew in the context of increasing attempts to isolate Russia economically and politically by the United States and its supporters in the countries of the European Union (EU). The author suggests using this geopolitical situation to review the strategy and tactics of Russia's scientific and technological development, making it a priority to increase the efficiency of using its own intellectual potential and expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries. First of all, it should be the BRICS countries, the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as China, India, Iran and South Korea, which also face acute problems of scientific and technological development.

Dual-convolutional neural network based aerodynamic prediction and multi-objective optimization of a compact turbine rotor

With the development of neural network technology, surrogate models and dimensionality reduction strategies based on machine learning have become the research hotspots of aerodynamic shape optimization recently. In order to further improve the accuracy and interpretability of the traditional surrogate models, this research establishes a deep learning model, named Dual Convolutional Neural Network (Dual-CNN) for the aero-engine turbines. The aerodynamic performances are predicted and the pressure, temperature fields are reconstructed for multiple rotor profile conditions. The prediction of efficiency is compared with the accuracy of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. The results show that the proposed Dual-CNN model can accurately reconstruct the fields, thus interpreting the mechanism for the change of aerodynamic performance. Dual-CNN is more accurate than GPR and ANN in predicting efficiency and torque, whose error is within an acceptable range of optimization. Then, efficiency and torque are selected as the objective functions to perform a gradient-based multi-objective optimization by the automatic differentiation method and a Pareto solution is obtained. The trained Dual-CNN provides rapid and accurate prediction of performance without CFD calculation in the optimization. Finally, the sensitivity to train size is analyzed for the Dual-CNN model, which indicates that the sampling of 1500 cases for eight design variables in this dataset enables Dual-CNN to achieve favorable effect of field reconstruction and performance prediction.

PROBLEMS OF MODELING THE MORTGAGE MARKET OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The evolution of mortgage market modeling in the context of implementing the strategy of technological development of the national economy is analyzed, that allowed to take into account the disadvantages and advantages of all models, modern socio-economic problems and implement the mortgage market as a mechanism for achieving structural changes in the national economy. Approaches to solving modern problems of mortgage lending in Ukraine through the introduction of specialized mortgage-industrial centers are reasoned: 1) diver­sification of primary sources of financing in order to maximize them and reduce risks; 2) the presence of an industrial partner company that ensures high production efficiency and has a permanent demand for goods or services; 3) finding the management of the model in the same business hands, in particular the bank, which ensures coordination and optimal distribution of profits between the participants; 4) the need for permanent control over the operation of the model in order to reduce technical, financial and moral risks for mortgage market participants. The universality of the proposed model of mortgage lending for industry (industrialization: renewal of the fleet of equipment and facilities, introduction of technological innovations), agro-industrial complex (modernization of agricultural machinery, development of agricultural science, introduction of world technologies in crop and livestock production, raising food production standards), housing construction and united territorial communities (replacement of the fleet of public transport equipment — buses, trolleybuses, trams) to address the issue of investing current tasks. Keywords: mortgage lending market, mortgage risks, national economy, development strategy, mortgage-industrial center. JEL Classification A13, E17, E44, E69 Formulas: 1; fig.: 2; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 10.

Research on Green Construction Technology Development and Management Strategy in New Period

Research on Green Construction Technology Development and Management Strategy in New Period

The challenges and considerations for emerging or future entrepreneurial researchers in microphysiological systems

Microphysiological systems describe the use of divergent technologies to recapitulate complex physiology in vitro convergently in a cruelty and animal free manner. The technologies aim towards enabling researchers from academia and industry to conduct more ethical and cost-effective research and development, preclinical and translational, and to advance related fields such as precision medicine. However, projected markets appear relatively small compared to related markets, where regulatory implementation and reluctant end-user adoption creates uncertainty for the emerging technologies with associated technological maturity. Regardless of this, companies surpassed and expanded successfully beyond the predicted five-year survival rate through strategic technology- and business development through collaboration and partnerships. A hallmark of the companies is a core competency or unique intellectual property coupled with securing early investment and interest from industry role-players, using divergent strategies to create a burden-of-proof to encourage early adopter participation for technologies showing fit-for-purpose application. In this paper we aim to provide insights for the researcher who wants to become involved in the microphysiological field as an entrepreneur, requiring a generalized information landscape with keywords and concepts to expand their knowledge base. An overview is provided for the technological considerations for laboratory-to-market product development, the current state of regulatory affairs and projected markets to provide a framework of reference to evaluate the randomly selected case study companies. Public information is used to provide company information regarding historical origin, funding, and technological strategies which secured funding as well as encouraged early adopter technology interests. Additional activities by the companies showcase that there is no single formulation for commercial survival five-years post-incorporation but a pattern, dictated by technology origin, to follow which for convergent or divergent opportunities in technology development and business strategies.