Technology Development Strategy Research Articles

Small countries facing the technological revolution: fostering synergies between economic complexity and foresight research

Purpose Although the significance of technological progress in economic development is well-established in theory and policy, it has remained challenging to agree upon shared priorities for strategies and policies. This paper aims to develop a model of how policymakers can develop effective and easy to communicate strategies for science, technology and economic development. Design/methodology/approach By integrating insights from economic complexity, competitiveness and foresight literature, a replicable research framework for analysing the opportunities and challenges of technological revolutions for small catching-up countries is developed. The authors highlight key lessons from piloting this framework for informing the strategy and policies for bioeconomy in Estonia towards 2030–2050. Findings The integration of economic complexity research with traditional foresight methods establishes a solid analytical basis for a data-driven analysis of the opportunities for industrial upgrading. The increase in the importance of regional alliances in the global economy calls for further advancement of the analytical toolbox. Integration of complexity, global value chains and export potential assessment approaches offers valuable direction for further research, as it enables discussion of the opportunities of moving towards more knowledge-intensive economic activities along with the opportunities for winning international market share. Originality/value The research merges insights from the economic complexity, competitiveness and foresight literature in a novel way and illustrates the applicability and priority-setting in a real-life setting.

Optimal strategies for the exploration of near-by stars

In the past decade, the discovery of exoplanets has sparked new interests in the idea of interstellar travel and exploration. Despite various proposals for probe concepts and relevant technologies, there is a lack of extensive literature on viable exploration strategies for journeys beyond a single star system. Such exploration strategies might not only have implications on technology development strategies for achieving interstellar exploration but could also enrich existing models for galactic exploration feeding into solutions of the Fermi Paradox. This article presents optimal strategies for the exploration of a large number of near-by stars, using a dedicated, novel methodology, which sets it apart from existing literature: For the first time, the mission design problem of interstellar exploration is redefined as a bi-objective multi-vehicle open routing problem with profits. It is tackled by an adapted hybrid multi-objective genetic algorithm, which is further improved and modified according to the problem characteristics (e.g. large search space). The overall mission model assumes probes traveling on straight trajectories, utilizing flybys, and maintaining an average velocity of 10% of the speed of light. Surpassing prior research that typically relies on statistical models or restricted star data, the star models are founded on the second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2), which represents the most extensive star catalogue to the date of this study and is employed for the first time in the context of interstellar exploration. The resulting star model contains a maximum of 10,000 stars within a spherical region around Sol, covering a distance of 110 light years.It is found, that the number of explored stars J1 scales with mission duration J2 and probe number m according to J1∼J2m0.66, which provides an initial guidance for future interstellar mission design. Furthermore, the routes and selection of stars vary depending on the number of probes used: When conducting missions with a large number of probes, stars in close proximity to the Solar System are given more focus. On the other hand, missions with a small number of probes include more distant stars to facilitate shorter transfers along the route. Based on these findings, the following recommendations for interstellar exploration strategies can be drawn: When energy resources such as fuel reserves are scarce and the exploration mission is not limited to nearby stars, low probe numbers are more efficient. In contrast, high probe numbers enable faster exploration of nearby stars but involve less resource-efficient transfers, making them a suitable option for small, remotely propelled probe concepts. To address crowding effects in high probe number missions, swarm-based probe concepts are recommended based on the scaling law characteristics derived.

Revealing extracellular protein profile and excavating spoilage-related proteases of Aeromonas salmonicida based on multi-omics investigation

Aeromonas is a ubiquitous aquatic bacteria, and it is a significant factor contributing to meat spoilage during processing and consumption. The abilities of Aeromonas salmonicida 29 and 57, which exhibit spoilage heterogeneity, to secrete protease, lipase, hemolysin, gelatinase, amylase, and lecithinase were confirmed by plate method. A total of 3948 proteins were identified by ITRAQ in extracellular secretions of A. salmonicida, and 16 proteases were found to be potentially related to spoilage ability. The complete genome sequence of A. salmonicida 57 consists of one circular chromosome and three plasmids, while A. salmonicida 29 consists of one circular chromosome, without a plasmid. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant number of DEGs were up-regulated in A. salmonicida 29, which were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways (e.g., amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism), indicating that A. salmonicida 29 had better potential to decompose and utilize nutrients in meat. Six protease genes (2 pepB, hap, pepA, ftsI, and pepD) were excavated by combined ITRAQ with transcriptome analysis, which potentially contribute to bacterial spoilage ability and exhibit universality among other dominant spoilage bacteria. This investigation provides new insights and evidence for elucidating metabolic and spoilage phenotypic differences and provides candidate genes and strategies for future prevention and control technology development.

Adoption of mechanization alternatives in oil palm crops in the Colombian Orinoquía natural region

The Orinoquía Natural Region in Colombia, particularly the Cumaral and Bajo Upía subzone, serves as the country’s primary palm oil production area. However, it faces with labor shortages and a lack of current mechanization data. This study aims to assess mechanization status to enhance productivity and competitiveness in the oil palm industry. The goal was to determine the mechanization landscape, characterize available technologies, and evaluate their impact on productivity and costs for different types of oil palm producers. Utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire, data was collected from plantation administrators and technical assistants. Analysis focused on identifying mechanization options and assessing machinery adoption, productivity, and costs. Tractors are predominantly used for power, with limited adoption of advanced machinery like grabbers, variable-rate fertilizers, and electrostatic sprayers. Additionally, there’s a notable gap in harvest equipment availability, suggesting a need for further technological development and machinery rental strategies. This study highlights the importance of updated mechanization data and provides insights for decision-makers seeking to improve oil palm productivity and competitiveness in Colombia. By understanding the mechanization landscape, stakeholders can address labor shortages and drive sustainable growth in the oil palm sector.

Factors Affecting Interest in E-Money Users Via Digital Based Payment Applications Among Accounting Students of Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

This research aims to identify and analyze factors that influence interest in using e-money through digital-based payment applications among students majoring in Accounting at Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana. E-money has become an integral part of the digital transformation in the world of finance, and understanding the factors that influence users' interest in this technology has significant relevance. This research uses a framework that includes variables such as perceived benefits, perceived risks, security, trust, and demographic factors such as gender. The questionnaire survey method was used to collect data from a sample of students. The results of data analysis show that the perceived benefit factor has a positive and significant influence on interest in using e-money, while the perceived risk, security, trust and gender factors do not have a significant influence. This research provides insight into the preferences and factors that influence Accounting students' interest in adopting e-money, with implications for the development of e-money technology and relevant marketing strategies.

Regulation Mechanism for Designing Decarbonization Pathways in the Copper Industry Toward Carbon Neutrality.

The transformation of the global power structure caused by the carbon neutrality goal will promote copper consumption. It is crucial to explore the decarbonization pathways of the copper industry to help fulfill greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. This study utilized material flow analysis and life cycle assessment methods to investigate 12 different subscenarios based on international trade, circular economy, technology evolution, and environmental market factors. Policy combination scenario is employed to reveal the mechanism of decarbonization. The results show that refined copper consumption in China is expected to increase by 62.3% in 2060 compared to 2020. The GHG emissions of China's copper industry will reach 9.1 million tonnes (Mt) CO2e in 2060, technology evolution and environmental market are crucial for realizing carbon neutrality goal of this industry, accounting for 26.4 and 47.2% of emissions reductions, respectively, between 2020 and 2060. International trade and circular economy play important roles in the high-quality carbon peaking stage; however, imported copper and domestic secondary copper will constitute the basic supply of copper resources in China in the long run, and the comparative advantages of them will gradually weaken. Policy combination scenario can achieve the incentive synergy effect, with GHG reduced to 0.5 Mt CO2e in 2060. The enhanced application of policies such as material substitution and carbon emission trading will further promote industry to achieve net-zero GHG emission. We suggest regulating the industry's structure based on the international systemic circulation pattern and accelerating the construction of a green circular chain in the short term to achieve sustainable copper supply and high-quality carbon peaking. Promoting a high-quality technology development strategy and enhancing the environmental markets are recommended in the long term to achieve carbon neutrality.

Russian Society’s Response to “Big Challenges” in New Realities

The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the response of Russian society to "big challenges" in the new realities. Significant big challenges regulated in the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation are systematized and possible mechanisms of response of the Russian society to these challenges in the conditions of interaction of man and technology are formulated. Big challenges should be considered not only as possible risks and barriers, but also as incentives and guidelines for the development of socio-economic systems, national economies, including the Russian Federation. In the new realities, the transformation of traditional risks and "big challenges" is taking place in the context of significant changes in all spheres of civil society activity both in the Russian Federation and around the world, the destruction of the usual format of international relations, leading to the need for a rational state management policy and the reorientation of strategies for socio-economic and socio-political development of society. The need to preserve national identity and the identity of national states becomes obvious and the basic basis for the preservation and strategic development of the state. These foundations should be laid in the process of developing the Russian society's response to the big challenges in the new realities, by combining the trends of the international concept of sustainable development and the policy of realizing national interests.

Understanding Technological Orientation as a Predictor of Organization Performance: Evidence from State Corporations in the Energy Sector in Kenya

Kenya's energy sector plays an important facilitative role to other sectors of the economy and thus drives economic productivity and industrial growth. Statistical evidence shows that the key objectives of the energy sector, such as increasing electricity generation capacity, fostering access to services and information, promoting stakeholder satisfaction, and upgrading requisite technology, have not been accomplished in the recent couple of years. For this reason, this study examined the effect of technology orientation on the organization performance of government entities in Kenya's energy sector. The research was based on a resource-based view and a balanced scorecard. The research design was cross-sectional, including inferential and descriptive analysis. The study's target group included 11 Kenyan state corporations with 887 managers. A sample size of 285 respondents was chosen using a stratified random selection procedure. The respondents were managers in the fields of human resources, accounting, marketing, operations, corporate affairs, procurement, and supply chain management, as well as information and communication technology, administration, finance, and business strategy development. A structured questionnaire was used to acquire primary data. Quantitative data were analyzed and presented using figures and tables, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. Tables and pie charts were used to convey quantitative data. The findings of the research revealed that technological orientation has a positive effect on the performance of state corporations in Kenya's energy sector. The findings of the study contribute to the body of knowledge, thereby validating the propositions of the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory. Further, the conclusion of this study forms an important basis for anchoring policy guidelines on strategic orientation practices that foster technological orientation and corresponding resource commitment for promoting communication, automation, technological change, and research and development with the object of optimizing organizational outcomes. Future researchers should execute replicative research in other sectors and industries to validate the findings of this study.

Technological paradigm-based development strategy towards natural gas hydrate technology

Natural gas, the cleanest fossil fuel, accounts for 24% of global energy demand. As the demand rises, there is a higher technology requirement towards efficient gas storage and transportation. Therefore, based on the technology paradigm theory, this study developed a data analysis system based on bibliometric analysis and visualization techniques to reveal the development path for natural gas transportation technologies. It has identified that competition and diffusion stages of gas transportation technologies are common natural gas transportation technologies and adsorbed natural gas respectively, while the gas hydrates technology is in the shift stage. The importance of laws and policies in driving the technological evolution in these three stages was also examined. Natural gas hydrate’s superior energy storage capacity and moderate synthesis conditions make it a promising natural gas transportation technology. However, challenges, such as technological limitations, industrial realization, economic benefits, and environmental impacts hinder the paradigm shift. Therefore, an integrated natural gas transport system involving natural gas hydrate technology is proposed and associated policy recommendations are given in technological innovation, monitoring systems, and resource allocation to facilitate the development of natural gas hydrate transportation technology.

Comparative Analysis of Digital Application Usage in Micro Enterprises and Small Medium Enterprises

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the use of digital applications in Micro Enterprises (UMi) and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs/UKM) in Indonesia, using the TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework. Through a quantitative approach, this study collected data from 426 MSMEs and analyzed it using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) model. The results show that technological factors are the dominant factors in the use of digital applications in MSMEs. However, there are significant differences in the influence of these factors between UMi and UKM. In UMi, technological factors are more prominent, while in UKM, organizational factors are more influential as determinants of digital application use. UMi focuses more on the technological aspect of digital app usage, while UKM prioritize organization as the main driver. This study provides important insights into the dynamics of digital app usage among MSMEs and the strategic differences between UMi and UKM, offering guidance for the development of more effective and scale-appropriate technology strategies.

Monetary policy on launching new production facilities in Russia: Opportunities in the semiconductor market

The paper discusses the capabilities of the Russian monetary system for massive lending to new industries that are of strategic importance to the country and contribute to its technological sovereignty. The key provisions of monetary theory and the concept of multiplier constitute the theoretical basis of the study. Modelling transient processes was used as the main research method. Empirical evidence is official data from the Bank of Russia and the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as industry reports on the global semiconductor market. The authors propose their own model of the transition process, which allows assessing the possible inflation rate and economic growth generated by massive credit investments. Testing the model in the microelectronics industry showed that assumptions about the Bank of Russia possibly losing its control over inflation due to a large-scale lending are unfounded. Even during the first two years, when the construction of a new enterprise is underway and there is an obvious imbalance between the product and money supply, the additional inflation rate caused by this initiative does not exceed 0.5 % per year. We conclude that the regulator has enough reserves to open credit lines for establishing new high-tech enterprises simultaneously in several industries. The proposed model can be used to optimize the public administration system when designing the country’s technological development strategy focused on domestic import substitution.

State Development Institutions in the System of Innovation Cooperation: Asian Countries Experience

In modern conditions, the main direction of the technological policy of the Russian Federation is to ensure technological sovereignty. The creation of critical and end-to-end technologies of proper development and production of goods, works and services based thereon is possible only in the conditions of integration and cooperation of research and production and technical activities. The functioning of the innovation cooperation system is impossible without the direct participation of state development institutions that perform an organizing role, ensure the creation and development of infrastructure.The paper analyzes the activities of state development institutions in Asian countries (the People’s Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of India, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Singapore), their functions, including ensuring the commercialization of scientific research and technology transfer. The experience of building a system of innovation cooperation of these countries is of direct interest, firstly, due to the existence of developed economic relations between the Russian Federation and a number of analyzed countries, and secondly, because it was the Asian countries that managed to make a technological breakthrough in a fairly short time.The analysis showed that state development institutions in the analyzed countries are created as state-owned companies subordinate to government structures and perform functions for the implementation of state strategies for scientific and technological development. The activities of the institutions under consideration depend on the level of economic development and the chosen type (nature) of technological modernization. State development institutions are holdings, while there is a tendency to merge and consolidate them. However, the reforms carried out by states do not always have positive results.

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY LEGAL STRATEGY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Science must serve society, and it is through law that the attitude of the state to scientific activity is formulated, its social goal-setting is expressed, and the interests and requirements associated with obtaining a socially significant scientific effect are fixed. In modern realities, accelerated scientific and technological progress is becoming a historical imperative for the successful development of Russian statehood, and domestic jurisprudence must offer an effective legal strategy for scientific and technological development. Based on constitutional principles, the article discusses some of the main aspects of this strategy regarding its categorical apparatus, value-ideological and structural-economic orientation, organizational-administrative and spatial-territorial components. Proposals and approaches aimed at improving the legislative basis of the state scientific and technical policy are formulated.

Reference Materials for the Composition of Antimicrobial Substances

The present study aims to generalize the experience of creating state reference materials (GSOs) of active substances and determine their main characteristics, standardized both in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation and in the regulatory documents of the measurement uniformity assurance system. In connection with the violation of supply chains, the acquisition and use of foreign reference active substances became quite problematic or even impossible. As a consequence of the current difficult situation with the insufficient nomenclature of GSOs, the domestic manufacturers and developers faced urgent problems in creating them. The development of antimicrobial reference active substances will solve urgent issues of strengthening the technological sovereignty of Russia, minimize the import dependence of the Russian economy, as well as ensure the targets of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation to be achieved. The conclusions of the study can be applied in creating GSOs to substitute imported reference materials or surpass their level.

Assessing the technological trajectory of 5G-V2X autonomous driving inventions: Use of patent analysis

Cars and the transportation industry are undergoing a radical transformation. In the past, cars were independent means of transportation, and motor vehicles could not communicate with each other or the nearby environment. Nowadays, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology and autonomous driving vehicles are gradually becoming a reality. Thanks to its high data throughput, fast data transmission rate, and low latency, 5G mobile communication technology lies at the heart of this technological transformation. The Internet of Vehicles service promoted by the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is recognized as a market‑leading technological development strategy. In this service, which integrates 5G mobile data with the Internet of Vehicles, Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) will play a key role in the next generation of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS).In this paper, we apply a series of patent analyses to investigate the global 5G-V2X (vehicle-to-everything) patent distribution, compare patents of the major technology assignees, and assess the technological growth curves for eight different 5G-V2X applications in the field of autonomous driving. The results of this study indicate that R&D on 5G-V2X and autonomous driving applications and technologies began growing in 2018, and development has remained at a high level, with the United States, Korea, and China as the three leading patented technology-holders. Analysis of the patent holding share of patent right-holding companies reveals that Qualcomm, LG, and Ericsson have relatively large shares of patented technology in the field of autonomous driving applications. The network analysis of IPC 3-digit symbols indicates that H04W, H04B, G08G, and H04L are important relevant technology areas. Our findings can contribute valuable information concerning 5G-V2X autonomous driving applications to government, industry, and academia.

Unveiling the cooperation dynamics in the photovoltaic technologies’ development

Cooperation studies have supported the understanding of possible technological development strategies adopted in the Research and Development (R&D) departments. This article introduces an approach associating Social Network Analysis and Salton measure to expand the analysis of inter-organizational cooperation networks. This approach was used in 37,122 patent families of photovoltaic (PV) technologies applied between 1998 and 2017. The results showed that patent assignees prioritize their developments exclusively in their internal R&D areas. It has been observed that closed innovation is more prevalent than open innovation, given the lower proportion of technologies developed in collaboration. When there is cooperation, they prioritize cooperation relations between organizations of the same nationality. Small companies have greater cooperation intensity than large ones because they are more dependent on the innovation ecosystem and seek growth and support for their technological development by partnerships. The intensity of this cooperation is classified as incipient, but smaller organizations have a unilateral dependence on the relationship, which is a clear definition of dominance in cooperative relations. The results regarding the intensity of cooperation and the mapping of these networks did not indicate different actors who assumed more significant roles, whether in terms of constancy, centrality or intermediations of these relations. The findings can support strategic decisions on R&D, prioritization of investments, identification of potential partnerships (or competitors) for technological development. Additionally, they can contribute to the definition of public policies based on promoting the development and use of PV technologies.

Processing-in-Memory Development Strategy for AI Computing Using Main-Path and Doc2Vec Analyses

Processing-in-Memory (PiM), which combines a memory device with a Processing Unit (PU) into an integrated chip, has drawn special attention in the field of Artificial Intelligence semiconductors. Currently, in the development and commercialization of PiM’s technology, there are challenges in the hegemony competition between the PU and memory device industries. In addition, there are challenges in finding strategic partnerships rather than independent development due to the complexity of technological development caused by heterogeneous chips. In this study, patent Main Path Analysis (MPA) is used to identify the majority and complementary groups between PU and memory devices for PiM. Subsequently, Document-to-Vector (Doc2Vec) and similarity-scoring analyses are used to determine the potential partners for technical cooperation required for PiM technology development for the majority group identified. According to the empirical results, PiM core technology is evolving from PU to memory device with an ‘architecture-operation-architecture’ design pattern. The ten ASIC candidates are identified for strategic partnerships with memory device suppliers. Those partnership candidates include several mobile AP firms, implying PiM’s opportunities in the field of mobile applications. It suggests that memory device suppliers should prepare for different technology strategies for PiM technology development. This study contributes to the literature and high-tech industry via the proposed quantitative technology partnership model.

OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS OF APPLYING IMITATION STRATEGIES FOR TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

Economic sanctions against the Russian Federation highlighted the problem of technological sovereignty. It is proposed to consider the problem of using simulation strategies to organise the process of equipment import substitution in a timely manner, successful implementation of which was shown by some Asian countries (Japan, China). Studies in other countries prove the effectiveness of using imitation strategies as a reference point for the technological breakthrough for individual companies and the economy as a whole. The purpose of this article is to analyse the experience of developing countries in using imitation strategies for technological development, and to assess the opportunities for the wide application of such strategies in Russia to form technological sovereignty in the current conditions. In this study the author identifies some key factors of the effectiveness of applying the imitation strategies in developing countries, primarily in China. Among these factors are the role of small and medium-sized businesses in technological development and dissemination of knowledge, the development of a system for protecting intellectual property rights, as well as the existence of a technological gap between domestic and foreign firms in the home market. These factors have had a significant impact on the spread of imitation strategies and the subsequent development of China’s own innovation environment. The study demonstrates that small business, the system for protecting intellectual property rights and the competition of foreign high-tech companies will not be able to become the driving force behind the implementation of imitation strategies in the conditions of Russian reality. With this in mind, the article proposes industrial policy measures that will create favourable economic conditions for the successful use of imitation strategies based on the experience of China. The results of this study contribute to the problem of Russia’s technological sovereignty formation in the current sanctions. They also contain proposals for the introduction of economic measures that may influence the effectiveness of import substitution.

Role of feed adaptogens in forming the concept of organic pig production

One of the priorities of the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation (approved by Presidential Decree № 642 of December 1, 2016) is the transition to a highly productive and environmentally friendly agriculture. Organic agriculture can help to ensure sufficient food for the population by 2050 and simultaneously reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment only if it is implemented as part of a system of agricultural production, which should provide the same volume and composition of products as in the baseline scenario. An important aspect of organic livestock production is to reduce the impact of stress factors on animals. A promising solution can be the use of natural biologically active substances with pronounced antioxidant properties. The action of natural bioflavonoids (Taxifolin) and also in a complex with vitamins on the organism of fattening pigs during the periods of stress of various etiology (climatic, fodder, social etc.) has been studied. A complex including vitamin C, vitamin E and Taxifolin has been developed. The provisions of the method of feeding pigs as a way to reduce the negative impact of stress factors on meat quality by means of the studied nutritional factor have been studied experimentally.

Digital forecast of the efficiency of the enterprise based on the machine learning model Random forest

Theoretical foundations of the economic development of the real sector of the economy, the issues of forecasting the efficiency of an individual enterprise have been studied. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, based on the dynamics of external and internal factors, a machine learning model "Random Forest" ("Random Forest Regressor") was developed, with the help of which the predictive value of the value of the eff ective attribute "Net profi t" was formed. The relevance lies in the fact that in order to form a net profi t forecast for JSC Caustic, an artificial intelligence system was used, namely the ML "Random Forest Regressor" machine learning model, which made it possible to successfully solve a complex problem, due to the action of many factorial features on the parameter under study. The use of the proposed approach is especially relevant in the light of the May Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, which indicated the main direction — the digitalization of the economy, as a vector for further movement in the "Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation". As you know, digital technologies will serve as the foundation for innovative transformations of the state. With the help of artificial intelligence "ML-model", the forecast value of the net profi t of the enterprise for 2022 was obtained, the value of which was: 6773451.99 thousand rubles.