Expansion Strategy Research Articles

Analisis Brand Ambassador Grup K-Pop EXO Sebagai Strategi Ekspansi Pemasaran Produk Scarlett Whitening

One of the impacts of the globalization era is related to the influx of cultural elements from other countries. The phenomenon of globalization is also able to connect countries through trade cooperation, cultural exchange, investment, technological advances and others. Some foreign cultures have begun to dominate Indonesia, whether from trends, music, movies, or the habits of life of other countries, but Indonesians are quite good at handling this phenomenon. Meanwhile, through its marketing expansion strategy, Scarlett Whitening utilizes the phenomenon that Indonesia has been named as the country with the highest number of K-pop fans or what we usually hear as K-popers in the world because of people's enthusiasm for South Korean culture, such as movies, music, drama or beauty trends in South Korea.

Self-building new brand or cooperating with a frenemy? Market expansion strategy of manufacturer in a C2M supply chain

The Customer-to-Manufacturer (C2M) supply chain is an innovative mode in which the firm quickly producing and providing goods to dispersed end consumers. However, the fragmented orders may lead to production inefficient, which makes expanding market to obtain more demands be a necessary problem. Some C2M manufacturers have cooperated with a frenemy owning competitive brands or self-building another new brand. Then a question arises: How do different market expansion strategies affect a firm’s performance? This paper utilizes a Hotelling model to examine the optimal decision: no-expansion or expansion through self-building a new brand or cooperating with a frenemy. By comparing the firm’s profits under different strategies, results show that the no-expansion strategy may be better off despite only one revenue stream. For the strategy of self-building a new brand, surprisingly, we find that allowing competition is always more profitable than significantly differentiating brand positions to avoid market cannibalization. Furthermore, when implementing expansion strategy is beneficial, self-building a new brand is preferred to cooperating with the frenemy if his brand is not quietly distinguished from the incumbent one. Otherwise, fostering a competitive brand is more favorable because of the lower market erosion and no brand operation costs. When consumers value the latter launching brand more than the original one, or firms price simultaneously, as shown in extension, the C2M manufacturer becomes more inclined to build a new brand. The relaxation of cost coefficient of brand building does not change the primary findings qualitatively.

The Effect of Capital Expenditure, Sales Growth, And Leverage on Cash Holdings

The maintenance of cash holdings is an essential element in ensuring the financial stability of a company. The utilisation of cash holdings might be advantageous for companies seeking to capitalise on investment prospects or finance their expansion strategies. The maintenance of a robust cash holdings enables organisations to promptly capitalise on favourable investment prospects that may emerge within the market. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of capital expenditure, sales growth, and leverage on cash holdings. The research population is non-cyclical sector companies, totalling 61 companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Data testing was carried out based on secondary data collected, namely the annual reports of each company between 2017 and 2021. The technique used is quantitative by measuring research variables indicators and testing them with statistical analysis. This research utilized a sample of 61 companies that were selected by the purposive sampling method. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The findings of this research show that capital expenditure has a negative effect on cash holdings, the sales growth rate has a positive effect on the cash holdings of the company, and leverage has no effect on cash holdings. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for policy-makers and stakeholders in making informed strategic business decisions regarding cash holdings.

Big Bird teaches English: Sesame Street’s globalisation in Japan and Korea

ABSTRACT This study examines the global expansion strategies that were initiated by the Children’s Television Workshop (CTW), with a specific focus on the adaptations of Sesame Street in Japan and South Korea in the 1970s and 1980s. When CTW began its globalisation in the early 1970s, the international adaptation process of Sesame Street had two key methodologies: Co-production and Open Sesame, serving as the framework for disseminating US educational television internationally. However, Sesame Street in both Japan and South Korea had been mainly perceived as a tool to enhance English proficiency for formal schooling. Another significance of these adaptations was the centralised approach to educational broadcasting. State-run broadcasters or national education research institutes in these countries played pivotal roles in broadcasting Sesame Street for formal schooling. This unique adaptation positioned Sesame Street as an educational programme for English-learning programmes, transcending its original preschool focus. The globalisation of Sesame Street in Japan and South Korea enabled the creation of new local educational programmes for preschool children by borrowing the show’s fundamental educational purposes and programme structures. In sum, the cases of Sesame Street in Japan and South Korea represent how educational broadcasting in local countries interacted with both domestic and foreign influences to establish indigenous educational programmes. These adaptation processes reflect the dynamic interactions between local countries and CTW’s global strategies.

DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT OF A SUSTAINABLE: MARKETING PROVISION OF ENTERING STRATEGIES ON INTERNATIONAL MARKETS OF CHINESE COMPANIES: A CASE OF BYD AUTO

The formation of powerful companies in the People's Republic of China that possess their own technologies and are able to offer a competitive product on global markets necessitated the formation of integral strategies for entering these markets. The implementation of such strategies requires an effective marketing strategy, one of the key elements of which is the formation of a sustainable brand. Chinese manufacturers have traditionally relied on price advantages to gain a foothold in new markets, but this approach has proved ineffective in the case of high-tech products such as electric cars. Despite large investments, most companies from the PRC have not succeeded in forming a successful brand, so a study of the experience of the BYD AUTO company, which in a short time turned into the world's number one manufacturer of electric cars, reveals the conditions for implementing a successful international expansion strategy. The main challenge faced by the BYD AUTO company was the formation of a sustainable brand that would play a leading role in the promotion of products to international markets. Achieving this goal is facilitated by two key aspects of BYD AUTO's international marketing strategy: firstly, it is the brand's focus on the combination of technological advantages and social responsibility in the form of promoting solutions for transport with environmentally friendly electric motors, and secondly, the coordination of all elements of the marketing policy and orientation around them set of consumer requirements for the company's products and services. Like most Chinese companies, BYD AUTO implemented a step-by-step strategy for entering foreign markets, adapting to the specifics of local markets. The main competitive advantages were the low price of the product and the involvement of a wide partner network from local companies through the financing of joint investment projects. To reorient the strategy to create a sustainable international brand, it is necessary to focus the brand on the company's key values, synchronize this positioning with the expansion of the product range, standardize the service and reconcile it not only to the field of sales, but also to further operation, intensify electronic sales channels, build an adaptive communication system with clients, which is able to maintain communication on a global level.

Strategy for external expansion of a construction company under sanctions

Strategy for external expansion of a construction company under sanctions

Characterizing lysine acetylation of glucokinase.

Glucokinase (GK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate as the substrate of glycolysis for energy production. Acetylation of lysine residues in Escherichia coli GK has been identified at multiple sites by a series of proteomic studies, but the impact of acetylation on GK functions remains largely unknown. In this study, we applied the genetic code expansion strategy to produce site-specifically acetylated GK variants which naturally exist in cells. Enzyme assays and kinetic analyses showed that lysine acetylation decreases the GK activity, mostly resulting from acetylation of K214 and K216 at the entrance of the active site, which impairs the binding of substrates. We also compared results obtained from the glutamine substitution method and the genetic acetyllysine incorporation approach, showing that glutamine substitution is not always effective for mimicking acetylated lysine. Further genetic studies as well as in vitro acetylation and deacetylation assays were performed to determine acetylation and deacetylation mechanisms, which showed that E. coli GK could be acetylated by acetyl-phosphate without enzymes and deacetylated by CobB deacetylase.

Internal Colonialism as Socio‐Ecological Fix: The Case of New Clark City in the Philippines

AbstractWe study the emergence of New Clark City, Philippines, which is part of the country's development programme “Build‐Build‐Build”. Triangulating data from field observations, interviews, and documents, we analyse the social, economic, and ecological consequences of this “city of the future”. The city enables capital to be fixed into space, which (i) creates new accumulation opportunities for investors, (ii) lubricates capital circulation, shortening turnover times and lowering costs, and (iii) staves off a multitude of longstanding barriers faced by capital and state actors by reordering space along the lines of the Philippines’ geographical expansion and spatial restructuring strategy. Aiming to address a geographical‐switching crisis, this socio‐ecological fix goes hand‐in‐hand with the stark reality of an internal colonialist agenda, resulting in negative consequences for local and Indigenous communities. We contribute to the socio‐ecological fix literature by arguing that internal colonialism offers a vital lens to understand capital expansion from the centre to the periphery.

Pentecostals in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia: Shared History in the ХХ Century

The article compares the lives of the Evangelical Pentecostals in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia in the XX century. The study relied on archival sources, as well as foreign and domestic publications on history and religious studies. The analysis covered such aspects as genesis, developmental stages, religious policy, population, and the role of charismatic leaders, e.g., Ivan E. Voronaev, who initiated the migration from Ukraine to Western Siberia. All Pentecostal communities shared the same expansion strategy, i.e., proselytism: they gained new members by converting Evangelical Christians and Baptists. The followers of the Voronaev movement lived in Western Siberia and were reluctant to unite with the local Evangelical Christians and Baptists. They avoided official registrations and made no compromises with the authorities. The Pentecostals contradicted the official policy of Soviet states and the Polish People’s Republic. Pentecostal communities sought independence from the state, glossolalia, active missionary work, and other denomination canons.

From Social Networks to Political Parties: Indigenous Party-Building in Bolivia

While existing scholarship recognizes the centrality of social organizations for party-building efforts, how network structures condition party-building remains underexamined. This article argues that a core property of the network environments within which proto-parties emerge—structural resilience—shapes opportunities for proto-parties’ expansion and consolidation. More resilient network structures—those with multiple pathways available for expansion—decrease proto-parties’ vulnerability to structural threats and allow them to circumvent competition. To evaluate this theory, I examine the organizational networks of three comparable indigenous party-building efforts in Bolivia. Using original network data and a mixed-methods approach, I demonstrate that MAS-IPSP succeeded in establishing itself as the indigenous party because of the structural resilience of the network environment within which it originated. By contrast, its counterparts failed when targeted network attacks undermined their access to organizational spaces critical to their expansion strategies. The findings reveal often-overlooked variation in the relationship between social organizations and political parties.

Post-non-classical modification of techno anthropology E. Kappa

The article studies the evolution of techno-anthropology in the modifications of the classical, non-classical and post-non-classical periods of philosophical reflection on the example of the projection of human organs by E. Kapp. The reasons for the actualization of the design theory of human organs by E. Kapp in post-non-classical philosophy are described. The categorical apparatus of the post-non-classical philosophy of technology is analyzed. In the semantics of the post-non-classical philosophy of technology, a tendency for the dominance of technological determinism has been revealed. The situation of transformation of the paradigm of anthropocentrism into competing paradigms by modern man is stated. One of them is formulated as a paradigm of the creative disappearance of a person. The second paradigm is positioned as a strategy for the spatial expansion of a distributed human body, hybrid integrity, assembly and assemblages.

Filtered data augmentation approach based on model competence evaluation

The scale of parallel corpus plays an important role in training high-quality neural machine translation models. In order to expand the scale of parallel corpus in low-resource scenarios, researchers have proposed a series of data augmentation approaches, in which the most representative work is the back-translation. The back-translation approach uses a basic translation model to translate the target monolingual corpus into the source language, and then combines it into a pseudo parallel corpus to expand the training data. Due to the simple and efficient data expansion strategies, the back-translation approach becomes the mainstream data augmentation approach of neural machine translation. However, in low-resource scenarios, only low-precision basic translation models can be used. The pseudo-parallel corpus translated by this model contains low-quality sentence pairs, which inevitably introduces noises and leads to negative impacts to translation procedure. To improve the performance of low-resource neural machine translation, we propose a filtered data augmentation method based on the model competence evaluation, which can effectively improve the quality of training data by using both the filtered back-translation and dynamic evaluation of translation model capabilities. Comparative experiments show that the proposed approach can improve the quality of training data and the performance of low-resource neural machine translation.

Strategic planning process at Byju’s

Learning outcomes This case study is designed to enable students to formulate the strategic planning process in relation to an organization’s resources; assess the critical tasks required for the company’s business planning for growth and market expansion; and examine the importance of the value delivery process for the company, its customer and its employees. At the end of the case discussion, students will learn how to plan their business in an emerging market by using their existing resources, where the business stands at present and where it may go in the coming future. Case overview/synopsis The case study discusses how Byju’s, an Indian multinational educational technology company, revolutionized student learning programs through its innovative strategic implementation. It explores the company’s growth and expansion strategy by considering a strength, weakness, opportunity and threats analysis. It elaborates on how Byju’s acquired various companies in India and other countries to become an international technology-based educational brand with 150 million users in 2022. The case study also highlights the marketing and promotional strategy used by the company on online and offline platforms. The case study elaborates on the value delivery process and its importance for customer and employee satisfaction. Despite its success in the Indian market, Byju’s faced tough challenges in the US and European markets, such as lower-than-expected growth rates and lower subscription numbers, even though it followed the same strategy as in the Indian market. The acquisition and celebrity strategy works in emerging economies such as India but not in developed countries. The company’s return on investment was down owing to the high costs it had incurred over the years on market acquisitions and marketing promotions. The growing competition was also expected to bring more challenges for Byju’s. New players such as Tata Studi and YouTube planned to enter the market. Byju Raveendran and his management group had to decide whether to maintain or change the current market offering to reflect market developments to satisfy their customers and employees. They also had to determine whether the main components of the marketing strategy, such as the company’s ongoing value delivery process and ongoing strategy toward the target audience, partners and rivals, are advantageous to the firm or not. The team was in dilemma whether the marketing planning process was going in the right direction and how to make all elements of its businesses more efficient in dealing with the issues. Raveendran kept asking questions about to what extent it is still possible to alter the marketing plan. Complexity academic level The case study is appropriate for discussion in courses such as marketing management, service marketing and strategic marketing management, whether they are part of an undergraduate program (Bachelor of Business Administration [BBA]), a postgraduate program in business management (Master of Business Administration [MBA]) or an executive-level program (executive MBA). The breadth of business topics addressed and the intricacy of the scenario make this case study best suited to be used after the semester as either a culminating project or as a seminar discussion for undergraduates (BBA). The case study can also be discussed in the marketing management course (graduation level) under the marketing and service strategy chapters. Subject code CSS8: Marketing Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Walmart Hanabi: Igniting Sparks in the Japanese Retail Sky

This research paper explores a hypothetical scenario wherein Walmart, the global retail giant, embarks on a strategic entry into the Japanese retail market. Building on Walmart's history of international expansion, this study examines the potential challenges and opportunities the company would encounter as it endeavors to establish a significant presence in Japan. Walmart's journey into the Japanese retail landscape is contextualized within the company's overarching global expansion strategy. From its roots in Bentonville, Arkansas, Walmart has evolved into a symbol of American retail prowess, expanding its footprint into various international markets. This paper imagines the next frontier for Walmart—Japan—a market renowned for its unique blend of traditional and modern retail experiences. The Japanese retail sector, dominated by local giants such as Aeon and Seven & I Holdings, is characterized by a discerning consumer base with a penchant for high-quality products and exceptional service. Walmart's potential entry into this market necessitates a careful examination of cultural nuances, consumer preferences, and regulatory intricacies. The research methodology employs a comprehensive approach, combining primary and secondary research methods, including case studies, industry reports, and interviews. This robust methodology aims to provide a thorough understanding of the multifaceted challenges and opportunities that Walmart would face in this hypothetical scenario. Key areas of exploration include Walmart's adaptation to Japanese consumer culture, strategic partnerships and alliances with local businesses, integration of e-commerce and technology, and compliance with Japanese regulations. The paper delves into the potential impact on Walmart's global strategy and the implications for the broader retail landscape. While this scenario is speculative, it offers a valuable lens through which to analyze the strategic decisions and adaptations required for successful international expansion. The research findings contribute insights that can be applied to the broader discourse on global retail strategies, providing a foundation for future discussions on the dynamic interplay between international retail giants and diverse markets.

Highly-Efficient 2D Nonfullerene Acceptors Enabled by Subtle Molecular Tailoring Engineering.

The conjugate expansion of nonfullerene acceptors is considered to be a promising approach for improving organic photovoltaic performance because of its function in tuning morphological structure and molecular stacking behavior. In this work, two nonfullerene acceptors are designed and synthesized using a 2D π-conjugate expansion strategy, thus enabling the construction of highly-efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared with YB2B (incorporating dibromophenanthrene on the quinoxaline-fused core), YB2T (incorporating dibromobenzodithiophene on the quinoxaline-fused core) has red-shifted spectral absorption and better charge transport properties. Moreover, the more orderly and tightly intermolecular stacking of YB2T provides the possibility of forming a more suitable phase separation morphology in blend films. Through characterization and analysis, the YB2T-based blend film is found to have higher exciton dissociation efficiency and less charge recombination. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.05% is achieved in YB2T-based binary OSCs, while YB2B-based devices only reached 10.94%. This study demonstrates the significance of the aromatic-ring substitution strategy for regulating the electronic structure and aggregation behavior of 2D nonfullerene acceptors, facilitating the development of devices with superior photovoltaic performance.

The effects of urban expansion on carbon emissions: Based on the spatial interaction and transmission mechanism

Timely and scientific investigation into the complex relationship between urban expansion and carbon emissions is imperative to support urban decarbonization efforts. However, the existing framework cannot fully consider spatial interaction or accurately explore the transmission mechanism. To narrow the knowledge gaps, this study provides both theoretical and empirical insights into the impacts of urban expansion on carbon emissions. Based on the panel data of 284 cities in China during 2007–2019, the spatial Durbin model and mediating effect model are primarily utilized to reveal the following results: (i) Urban expansion and carbon emissions show significant spatial heterogeneity, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial spillover. Urban expansion is shifting from a nationwide multi-point distribution to a localized regional distribution, while carbon emissions maintain stable spatial patterns. Urban expansion has U-shaped direct effects on local carbon emissions but inverted U-shaped spatial spillover effects on neighboring cities’ carbon emissions. (ii) Industrial structure upgrading and industrial agglomeration are pivotal mediating mechanisms in the relationship between urban expansion and carbon emissions. (iii) Urban expansion is recommended to be limited to a land expansion rate at about twice the population expansion rate. In essence, these findings underscore the need for reasonable urban expansion and spatial interaction strategies to promote collaborative low-carbon development.

E7-modified gelatin microcarriers for efficient expansion and stemness preservation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess self-renewal ability, multi-differentiation potential and low immunogenicity, thus serving as an ideal choice for cell therapies. Ex-vivo expansion systems that have been developed to meet clinical demands are faced with two crucial barriers, limited quantity and stemness loss of expanded cells. Hence, it is crucial and feasible to construct microcarriers that can show high and specific affinity to MSCs, and support highly efficient cell expansion with minimal stemness loss. In this study, EPLQLKM (E7) peptides were modified onto gelatin microcarriers by poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers, which showed great antifouling ability against xenogenic components. The rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) harvested from the E7-modified gelatin microcarriers achieved better cell attachment, stemness maintenance, viability, and multilineage differentiation potentials, especially those with a higher E7 density. Attributing to the promotion for cell adhesion, E7 functionalization increased the expansion efficiency of rBMSCs with improved quantity and quality simultaneously, thereby providing a novel strategy for scalable expansion to optimize the clinical performance of MSCs.

International Expansion Strategy in Fast-Growing Businesses: Using Bayesian Networks to Identify Influencing Factors

International Expansion Strategy in Fast-Growing Businesses: Using Bayesian Networks to Identify Influencing Factors

Starbucks in Comparison to Other Beverage Brands in the Chinese Market

After years of economic growth, China's social wealth has been greatly accumulated, but Chinese enterprises are still there. At a low level of competition and lacking core competitiveness, Starbucks has developed into a world leader in just over two decades. A famous brand, its keen grasp of consumer demand in the era of the experience economy, as well as the mode and core of its brand operation. The creation of competitiveness is worthy of domestic enterprises to learn and research, through the study of Starbucks, hope to be able to domestically. The coffee market has some inspiration. This article examines and analyzes the performance of Starbucks in the Chinese market compared to other beverage brands. It evaluates Starbucks' marketing strategies and market conditions, drawing insights into the development of retail coffee in China. By analyzing the timing of Starbucks' entry into the Chinese market, the state of the Chinese beverage market, and the current situation of the retail coffee market in China, it provides an understanding of Starbucks' expansion strategy, store location strategy, and the challenges it faces, along with feasible recommendations.

Analysis of Donkis Global Strategy and the Factors Influencing Its Entry into the UK Market

This paper analyzes Donkis global strategy and the factors influencing its entry into the UK market. The paper follows a logical structure, starting with an introduction to Donkis global strategy and its success in Asia. A literature review is conducted to identify the factors influencing Donkis entry into the UK market, including research problems and objectives, market entry approach, and market-driving strategy for foreign markets. The paper then provides a case description of Donkis entry into the UK market, including an analysis of its expansion strategy and store design, as well as the challenges and opportunities for the company in the UK market. Problem analysis is conducted to identify the key challenges and opportunities for Donki in the UK market, including competitors, regulations, and supply chain. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for Donkis entry into the UK market, including a market entry approach, differentiation strategies, compliance and quality assurance, and optimized logistics. By adopting these recommendations, Donki can enhance its chances of success in the UK market and overcome the challenges identified in the problem analysis.