Strategic Supervision Research Articles

Evaluation of the Competence of Expert Supervisory Consultants in the Implementation of Construction Projects

The success in the implementation of construction projects is determined by the quality of the people involved in handling them, especially those who play an important role in the process of implementing construction projects such as supervisory consultants, supervisory consultants must meet the necessary criteria. In addition, the competence of supervisory consultants is very important so that the implementation of construction projects can produce good performance. Competence of supervisory consultants can improve performance in project implementation. supervisory consultants who carry out strategic supervision such as choosing the necessary implementation methods, as well as providing the best solution if there are obstacles or obstacles in the implementation of construction projects. The formulation of the problem in this study is to find out how the classification of the competence of supervisory consultants on construction projects and find out what are the competency factors possessed by supervisory consultants on the implementation of construction projects. The method of data collection carried out is by means of literature studies and surveys on the required sources of information in the form of interviews and research instruments, namely questionnaires in the form of multiple choice questions consisting of 100 items for each expert. Data analysis was carried out with statistics using the help of the Microsoft excel program and the SPSS Version 23 program.

Strategic low-carbon technology supervision in the closed-loop supply chain: An evolutionary game approach

The low-carbon technology (LCT) implementation, regarded as a sustainable management practice, contributes to carbon reduction of production activities for manufacturing plants. The local government encourages manufacturers to adopt low-carbon technology for better realizing carbon neutrality and sustainable achievement by environmental regulations. However, it is not enough to only rely on governmental regulation. The supervision of the media on LCT adoption is also indispensable. Therefore, the multi-participants’ supervision strategy on LCT is proposed to fill the gap, consisting of the government, manufacturer, and media. To help manufacturers perform low-carbon production, an evolutionary game model is formulated to investigate the strategic behaviors of involved tripartite participants. We disclose the evolution process of the manufacturer's LCT adoption decision under joint supervision-the government and media. Besides, the detailed influences of parameters such as the cost of LCT and carbon emission ratio on participants' strategies are explored to help better understand the involved participants' behaviors. The numerical results show that the manufacturer is more likely to adopt LCT under joint supervision. When the manufacturer could gain more benefits by adopting LCT, they would always choose to employ LCT even if there is no stimulus from the government and media. The information lied factor would reduce the degree of governmental supervision, which is not conducive to performing regulation responsibility for the government. This study examines the strategic supervision behaviors of multiple participants by formulating an evolutionary game model while giving support to decision-making management on LCT promotion for manufacturers.

Strategic Change Management Practices on Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kiambu County, Kenya

Achieving success in performance is a key objective in all organizations globally. Performance is crucial since it determines the future sustainability of the business. However, Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (SACCOs) are experiencing performance challenges while operating under an unpredictable environment. In the year 2019, 86% of the SACCOs in Kenya registered a decline of 12% and 15% in their cashflows and profitability, respectively. In addition, 37% of the loss making SACCOs have witnessed panic withdrawals leading to cashflow crunches and collapse. As a response to this scenario, SACCOs have implemented strategic change management practices to increase the chance of successful performance in an unpredictable operating environment. This study therefore sought to establish the impact of strategic change management practices on performance. The study’s general objective was to assess the influence of strategic change management practices on performance of SACCOs in Kiambu County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the influence of corporate communication, strategic supervision, strategic target-setting and strategic resource allocation on the performance of SACCOs in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was based on the dynamic capabilities theory which was complemented by Kotters theory, nudge theory, and resource-based view theory. The study utilized descriptive research design. The unit of analysis was the 14 DT-SACCOs with their head offices registered in Kiambu County. The unit of observation were five departmental managers involved in strategic change initiatives in each of the 14 SACCOs which translated to 70 respondents. The population of study was not sampled due to the small number of respondents. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires. Secondary data was collected through a data collection sheet. To minimize ambiguities in the questionnaire, the study tested for validity using criterion predictive validity model. The reliability for the study was attained by computing the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Pilot study was conducted using seven respondents from Mhasibu SACCO in Nairobi County which neighbors Kiambu County. The administration and collection of data was conducted through drop-and-pick-later method. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The presentation of data took various forms including comparative tables, percentages, frequencies, and charts. The study found that there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate communication, strategic supervision, strategic target setting, strategic resource allocation and organizational performance. The study recommends that SACCOs top leadership adopts and trains its employees on effective resource management. This would ensure that resource allocation is done in a manner that is strategic and keeps on improving the performance of the SACCOs. It’s also recommended that measures be put in place to enable employees to set strategic targets that are realistic and achievable to enable the SACCOs to realize improvement in performance.

Integrative Strategic Supervision Model – Constructivist Approach

Supervision models offer a synthesis of theoretical and practical elements demanded by an efficient clinical supervision. They are classified into first and second generation supervision models. The first generation supervision models follow the development path of psychological counselling and psychotherapy, being focused on therapy, the supervisee’s development, on specifying the supervisee’s needs and the roles assumed by the supervisor. The second generation supervision models are integrative supervision models, with the emphasis on the role of common crosstheoretical factors. The integrative strategic supervision model [1], [2], [3] is a second generation supervision model, with the objective, other than the underlining of crosstheoretical common factors of supervision, with a top spot offered to the learning process, that of introducing the constructivist approach of learning, the construction of supervision as an interdisciplinary discipline and the relating of supervision to didactics through supervision projecting. The word “strategic”, from the model title, emphasizes the bases for the supervision process: the supervision framework, the learning methods used, the evaluation methods based on the supervisee’s individual factors, the tools used to supervise and materialized into: contracts, therapeutic statuses, supervision sheets, relational diagnosis sheet, etc.

Supervision Strategic Management of School Heads In Improving Teacher Performance : Case Study at Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi Middle School, and Vianney Jakarta Middle School

The research entitled Strategic Management Principal Supervision in Improving Teacher Performance is motivated by the low performance of teachers in carrying out their duties and functions. Indications include: incomplete teacher administrative preparation, less interesting and challenging (traditional) learning activities, evaluation of the results of the daily value of the learning process is always measured by a knowledge test, and rarely conduct remedial follow-up programs to improve unfinished scores. The purpose of this study in general was to determine and analyze the strategic management of the head of SMP Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi and SMP Vianney in improving teacher performance. Specifically, the research objectives are to identify and analyze the internal and external environment, plan, implement, evaluate supervision, identify obstacles to the implementation of supervision and provide solutions in overcoming supervision barriers. This research is based on Hunger and Wheelen's (2003) strategic management theory, Peter F. Oliva's (1980) supervision theory, and Bernardin and Rusel's (2002) performance theory. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation study. The results of this study generally indicate that the principal's strategic management in improving teacher performance is carried out through internal and external environmental analysis, planning, implementation, evaluation of supervision, identifying barriers to supervision and providing solutions in overcoming supervision barriers. Specifically, the results of this study are shown as follows: 1) Analysis of a strong school environment, especially Human Resources (HR), principals/teachers, and facilities and infrastructure; 2) Supervision planning (teacher administration completeness and time) is still not completing and lacking; 3) Implementation of supervision is not in accordance with procedures; 4) Evaluation of the results of monitoring the supervision of class visits has not been maximal; 5) Barriers to supervision (competence of school principals/teachers need to be improved); and 6) Solutions to overcome obstacles to supervision activities (principals delegate to competent deputy principals / teachers). With the before mentioned conditions, the results of this study are not in accordance with the expectations of the theory/concept of strategic management, supervision, and teacher performance so that strategic supervision of principals with a new innovation of Supervision Coaching Model is needed as the product of this research.

Do Anchors Create Inefficient Systems? Motivating Optimal Outcomes through Strategic Supervision and Control—A Behavioural Game Theory Experiment

Strict supervision and preset targets are common control mechanisms to optimise performance in workplace situations. However, it is being realised that these mechanism designs do not always produce the desired effects on human behaviour. This study explores the mechanisms of supervision and targets through an experiment conducted among 46 high school students to study whether targets and supervision work in school situations. The experiment consisted of students being given the task of writing an essay of their choice within a time limit of 45 minutes. They were to be appraised on the number of ages they wrote. This experiment was repeated four times, with the first being conducted without supervision and targets of minimum specified pages; this round acted as the control. The experiment was then repeated with a supervisor and targets of a minimum number of pages. The rules specified that the students who wrote more than the minimum number of pages would be given a prize, and those who would write less than the minimum number of pages would be made to repeat the exercise. The four rounds of the experiment were conducted in two modules. In the second module of the experiment, it was also specified that all students who wrote gibberish or were frivolous would be reported to the principal. The results of the experiment were tabulated, and a mathematical model based on game theory was designed to explain the results.

MANAJEMEN STRATEGI PENINGKATAN MUTU TENAGA PENDIDIK DI MTs NEGERI MODEL PURWOKERTO

Strategic management in the world of education is something relatively new. This is because the success of profit institutions to implement strategic management to achieve their goals. MTs Negeri Model Purwokerto is a state educational institution tat has a clear future education orientation. The institution is a leading educational institution with full of academic and non-academic achievement learners. The teachers in this institution are strictly selected teachers. This study aims to describe and analyze strategic management in improving the quality of teachers in MTs Negeri Model Purwokerto, ranging from environmental analysis, strategic formulation, strategic implementation until evaluation and strategic supervision in improving teacher quality. This research is a qualitative descriptive research, the research location take place in MTs Negeri Model Purwokerto Banyumas Regency. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used in this study is qualitative data analysis, using three activity flow, data reduction, data presentation and verification/drawing conclusion, and SWOT analysis. Verification of data validity using data triangulation technique. The results showed that: Periama, environmental analysis conducted by MTs Negeri Purwokerto Model for improving the quality of educator is SWOT analysis which produce program or activity according to education institution needs. Second, the strategic formulation used by MTs Negeri Model Purwokerto is done by compiling the vision, mission, and objectives of the madrasah made by the team of formulation of School Work Plan (RKS). The strategic formulation done by MTs Negeri Model Purwokerto for the improvement of teacher quality with teacher recruitment program, guidance and teacher development. Third, in order to get competent and highly committed teacher candidates, the strategy taken by MTs Negeri Model Purwokerto to improve teacher quality is to recruit at any time according to need, with tight selection without KKN elements. While the guidance and empowerment of teachers conducted by the organizing committee. Fourth, evaluation and strategic supervision of MTs Negeri Model Purwokerto. There are two kinds of individual supervision by head of madrasah, vice principal of curriculum affair, senior educator, and Supervisor. While group supervision is held with teachers of one subject cluster in weekly and monthly coordination meetings and MGMP

Overcoming Health System Challenges for Women and Children Living With HIV Through the Global Plan.

To meet the ambitious targets set by the Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive (Global Plan), the initial 22 priority countries quickly developed innovative approaches for overcoming long-standing health systems challenges and providing HIV testing and treatment to pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants. The Global Plan spurred programs for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission to integrate HIV-related care and treatment into broader maternal, newborn, and child health services; expand the effectiveness of the health workforce through task sharing; extend health services into communities; strengthen supply chain and commodity management systems; reduce diagnostic and laboratory hurdles; and strengthen strategic supervision and mentorship. The article reviews the ongoing challenges for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs as they continue to strive for elimination of vertical transmission of HIV infection in the post-Global Plan era. Although progress has been rapid, health systems still face important challenges, particularly follow-up and diagnosis of HIV-exposed infants, continuity of care, and the promotion of services that are respectful and client centered.

Metagovernance as Strategic Supervision

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a new theoretical concept of second-order contracts for a better understanding of how the state fulfills its role as metagovernor. While the literature does an adequate job of developing the concept of metagovernance, it has been less effective in showing how metagovernance establishes a new type of relationship between government and governance. With the introduction of the concept of second-order contracts, the article shows how the state governs interactive governance from a distance in order to position the various stakeholders into a specific governable terrain. This concept is then applied to a recent reform of the steering relations between municipalities and housing associations in Denmark. In doing so, the article provides an example of a second-order contract in a specific case of metagovernance, and the way that it defines the interactive arena of the various stakeholders.

Human-Machine Collaboration in Robotics: Integrating Virtual Tools with a Collision Avoidance Concept using Conglomerates of Spheres

This paper describes how virtual tools that represent real robot end-effectors are used in conjunction with a generalized conglomerate-of-spheres approach to collision avoidance in such a way that telerobotic trajectory planning can be accomplished using simple gesture phrases such as ‘put that there while avoiding that’. In this concept, an operator (or set of collaborators) need not train for cumbersome telemanipulation on several multiple-link robots, nor do robots need a priori knowledge of operator intent and exhaustive algorithms for evaluating every aspect of a detailed environment model. The human does what humans do best during task specification, while the robot does what machines do best during trajectory planning and execution. Four telerobotic stages were implemented to demonstrate this strategic supervision concept that will facilitate collaborative control between humans and machines. In the first stage, virtual reality tools are selected from a ‘toolbox’ by the operator(s) and then these virtual tools are computationally interwoven into the live video scene with depth correlation. Each virtual tool is a graphic representation of a robot end-effector (gripper, cutter, or other robot tool) that carries tool-use attributes on how to perform a task. An operator uses an instrumented glove to virtually retrieve the disembodied tool, in the shared scene, and place it near objects and obstacles while giving key-point gesture directives, such as ‘cut there while avoiding that’. Collaborators on a network may alter the plan by changing tools or tool positioning to achieve preferred results from their own perspectives. When parties agree, from wherever they reside geographically, the robot(s) create and execute appropriate trajectories suitable to their own particular links and joints. Stage two generates standard joint-interpolated trajectories, and later creates potential field trajectories if necessary. Stage three tests for collisions with obstacles identified by the operator and modeled as conglomerates of spheres. Stage four involves automatic grasping (or cutting etc.) once the robot camera acquires a close-up view of the object during approach. In this paper particular emphasis is placed on the conglomerate-of-spheres approach to collision detection as integrated with the virtual tools concept for a Puma 560 robot by the Virtual Tools and Robotics Group in the Computer Integrated Manufacturing Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State).

Intervention in Strategic Supervision

Strategic supervision not only involves the planning and implementation of therapeutic directives but also may involve the use of strategic interventions with the supervisee. Examples are given of such strategic supervisory interventions. The illustrations are taken from a training year at the Family Therapy Institute of Washington, DC.

TAKING IT PERSONALLY: ISSUES OF PERSONAL AUTHORITY AND COMPETENCE FOR THE FEMALE IN FAMILY THERAPY TRAINING*

The supervision and training of women requires thinking and planning about how to address issues women bring to the training process as a result of sex‐role typing. Dependent behavior and attitudes are interactional problems that need to be overcome in a training process that leads to competency and creativity for therapists. Strategic supervision can benefit women by increasing their self‐reliance, sense of personal authority, and competence.

An Introduction to Brief Strategic Therapy Supervision

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the isomorphism between Brief Strategic Therapy and Brief Strategic Supervision. An overview of the Brief Strategic approach will be discussed along with specific assumptions of supervision.

Strategic Supervision? The Danger Lies in Discovery

In this paper, the use of strategic techniques in supervision is questioned. An informal survey of supervisees suggests that supervisors known to subscribe to strategic ideas are expected to be strategic in their supervision. The supervisees also warned that supervisors using indirect strategic techniques, such as paradoxes, better not be discovered. Discovery by the supervisee jeopardizes the supervision relationship.