We determine which terms shall be applied in tax analysis by revealing the differences between terminological apparatus of accounting and tax accounting by the way of use of comparative analysis and dialectic synthesis methods. Several scientists engaging in learning of issues connected to the field of tax analysis presented and used certain terms and conceptions in their investigations. The most concepts for purposes of this research cover the follows: tax burden, operational tax costs, tax environment, tax discounts. The use of special terminology exists in official documents in one or other form concerning the tax analysis conducted by public authorities. It is required to analyze and generalize these terms in order to conduct the said research. Formed as a result of the synthesis of a number of special and sectoral areas of scientific knowledge, and only in the 20th century became an independent science, economic analysis, under the influence of the newly emerging needs of practice, creates new promising scientific areas, one of which is tax analysis as a tool for assessing results and consequences taxation. The development of strategic management at the organization level has led to the emergence of tax planning as an element of the organization's financial management in order to reduce the negative impact of taxation on the results of operations, the implementation of which requires the development of tax analysis procedures. Recognition of the active role of the external environment in the activities of the organization made it possible to rethink the meaning of tax analysis, without limiting its task of "optimization" of tax expenditures. For the harmonious interaction of the organization with the surrounding socio-economic environment, tax analysis ensures the alignment of interests in the taxation process, reflecting the relationship between structural levels — public finance and the finance of business entities as agents of economic relations. The development of a conceptual theoretical basis for the interpretation of performance, taking into account the impact of taxation, opens up opportunities for solving a number of practical problems, including one of the main ones being the coordination of the interests of the state and business, which directly determine the sustainable socio-economic development of Azerbaijan.