Strains Of Gram Research Articles

Chemical Profile, Antibacterial and Toxicological Study of Asparagus setaceus (KUNTH)

Objective: The objective of this work was to obtain the chemical profile and verify the biological activities of ethanolic extract from the leaves of Asparagus setaceus. Method: The extract was obtained with cold ethanol and the classes of secondary metabolites were identified with specific reagents. The antibacterial assays were performed using the microdilution method against the standard bacteria, Gram +: Sthaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis and Gram -: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoneae and two multidrug-resistant strains: Escherichia coli 27 and Staphylococcus aureus 358 and the resistance modulation assay was performed using aminoglycoside and beta- lactam antibiotics. Toxicity was tested against the microcrustacean Artemia salina (Leach) ranging in concentrations from 10 to 500 μg/mL Results and Discussion: The ethanolic extract of Asparagus setaceus (EEAS) indicated the presence of phenols, condensed tannins, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, flavones, flavonols, xanthones, chalcones, aurones, flavononols, catechins, leukoanthocyanidins, flavones and saponins. The EEAS presented CL50 of 90.22 μg/ mL. The microbial assay showed inhibition for standard strains of Gram + and Gram bacteria - but in the multidrug-resistant strains it showed clinically non-signific results. For the modulation of antibiotic action against bacterial strains, EEAS presented both synergistic and antagonistic action, with the synergistic action being more expressive on benzylpenicillin, amikacin and gentamicin in front of Escherichia coli 27. The aminoglycoside antibiotics showed synergistic activity on all bacteria tested. Research Implications: Given the results, it was found that the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) disp of chemical and biological properties that can contribute to the elaboration of therapeutic resources against inflammatory and bacterial infectious processes. Keywords: Antibacterial Assay, Secondary Metabolites, Modulation, Asparagus setaceus.

ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY IN SEPSIS PATIENTS

Today, sepsis, the cause of which is purulent-inflammatory processes of soft tissues, accounts for more than 45% of cases. In most multidisciplinary hospitals, the frequency of gram-positive and gram-negative sepsis is approximately the same. Antibacterial therapy (ABT) is the most important component of the complex therapy of sepsis, and early adequate empiric ABT leads to a decrease in mortality and the frequency of complications. ABT of sepsis at the beginning of treatment, in most cases, is empirical in nature, but it should be remembered that taking the material for microbiological research must be done before the start of antibacterial therapy! According to the principles adopted in the guideline "Sepsis - 3", the use of antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis is a necessary component, the effectiveness of which cannot be doubted. It should be remembered that a delay in the appointment of an antibacterial drug to patients with sepsis and septic shock for 1 hour leads to an increase in the risk of death of the patient by 7,6%. Empiric ABT should be initiated with a broad-spectrum regimen of one or more antibiotics in patients with sepsis or septic shock to cover all possible pathogens (including bacterial, possibly fungal, or viral). Empiric ABT should be narrowed after identification of the pathogen and determination of its sensitivity and/or when adequate clinical improvement is registered. There are no indications for long-term systemic antibacterial prophylaxis in patients with severe forms of inflammatory conditions of non-infectious origin (for example, severe pancreatitis, burns). Measurement of procalcitonin levels can be used to shorten the duration of antibacterial therapy in patients with sepsis. Rapid interpretation of the severity of the infectious process can be performed using ACCP/SCCM sepsis diagnostic criteria, organ dysfunction criteria (gSOFA, SOFA, MODS) or rapid procalcitonin test. Microbiological diagnosis of sepsis is the main factor in prescribing adequate ABT regimens. In the case when the same microorganism is released from the probable source of infection and from the peripheral blood, its etiological role in the development of sepsis should be considered as evidential. The standard for testing blood for sterility is the collection of material from two peripheral veins with an interval of up to 30 minutes, while blood from each vein must be collected in two vials. It is not permissible to take blood from the catheter! Building an ABT algorithm taking into account the etiology and characteristics of resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs is the most optimal approach. Тoday, the optimal regimen of empiric ABT of sepsis with PON is carbapenems - as drugs that have the widest spectrum of action and to which the lowest level of resistance is observed among intra-hospital strains of gram(-) bacteria. In some cases, an alternative to carbapenems is cefepime, ceftaroline, protected by antipseudomonas β-lactams (cefaperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam) and "respiratory" fluoroquinolones. In cases of ineffectiveness of the indicated regimens of ABT, the feasibility of additional appointment of glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid), as well as systemic antimycotics (fluconazole) should be evaluated. The latter should also be prescribed after 7-10 days after the start of ABT in a prophylactic dose of 150 mg per week.

HOẠT TÍNH KHÁNG VI SINH VẬT CỦA TINH DẦU TỪ LÁ LOÀI TRÂM TRÁI TRẮNG (SYZYGIUM TSOONGII (MERR.) MERR. & PERRY), TRÂM BULLOCK (SYZYGIUM BULLOCKII (HANCE) MERR. & PERRY) VÀ TRÂM TÍCH LAN (SYZYGIUM ZEYLANICUM (L.) DC.) Ở HÀ TĨNH

Research on antimicrobial activity of essential oils from leaf of Syzygium tsoongii, Syzygium bullockii and Syzygium zeylanicum in Ha Tinh Province showed that essential oils from leaves of three species had antibacterial activity against three strains on the Gram (+): (Enterococus faecalis (ATCC 299212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579) and against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The essential oil from the leaves of Syzygium tsoongii and Syzygium zeylanicum had not antibacterial activity against Gram (-), while the essential oil from the leaves of Syzygium bullockii could be against 2 strains of Gram (-): Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica strains.

Analysis of etiologic structure and antibiotic resistance of the main pathogens of infectious complications in patients with acute leukemia

Objective. Analyze the etiological structure of infectious complications in patients with acute leukemia and determine the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of the main pathogens.Materials and methods. The results of bacteriological cultures and antibiograms of 177 patients with acute leukemia and infectious complications for the period 2019–2021 were retrospectively studied.Results. In 2019, the frequency of isolation of Gr+ flora was 45.28% and Gr- was 54.72%; in 2020 the percentage of Gr+ bacteria was 34.62%, Gr− was characterized by 65.38%; in 2021 it was 41.3% and 58.7% respectively, (x2=0.20, p=0.66). In 2019, one of the main pathogens was Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%), which retained its positions by 2021 (13%; x2=0.05, p=0.82). The causative agent showed polyresistance to many antibiotics, except for imipenem (100%) and fosfоmycin (100%). In the period 2020–2021 Klebsiella pneumoniae began to compete with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which showed an increase in the detection rate from 11% to 17% (x2=29.46, p=0.0001). Having polyresistance, the pathogen showed 100% sensitivity only to ticarcillin/clavulanate and co-trimoxazole.Conclusion. In the absence of changes between the frequency of isolation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, the increase in the number of strains of Gram− microorganisms (K. pneumoniae and S. maltophilia) with multiple antibiotic resistance among the causative agents of infectious complications in patients with acute leukemia necessitates continuous microbiological monitoring to improve the tactics of antibacterial drugs.

Fomitopsis officinalis: Spatial (Pileus and Hymenophore) Metabolomic Variations Affect Functional Components and Biological Activities.

Fomitopsis officinalis is a holartic polyporous mushroom that forms large fruiting bodies on old standing trees, fallen logs, or stumps. F. officinalis is a medicinal mushroom species that is most commonly used in traditional European medicine. In this study, we explore the spatial metabolic differences in F. officinalis' mushroom parts, i.e., the cap (median and apical parts) and the hymenium. Additionally, chromatographic analysis was conducted in order to unravel the composition of specialized metabolites in the hydroalcoholic mushroom extracts. The potential antifungal and bacterial effects of extracts were tested against pathogen strains of Gram+ and Gram- bacteria, and yeast, dermatophytic, and fungal-pool species. Extracts from the apical part were the richest in terms of phenolic compounds; consistent with this finding, the extracts were also the most effective antiradical and antimicrobial agents with MIC values < 100 µg/mL for most of the tested bacterial and dermatophytic species. According to these findings, F. officinalis extracts are valuable sources of primary and secondary metabolites, thus suggesting potential applications in the formulation of food supplements with biological properties in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Synthesis of novel Schiff base metal complexes and their spectroscopic characterization, biological activity and molecular docking investigation

In this study, Schiff base ligand namely N'-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide (I) and its metal complexes such as Cu(II) and La(III) (II and III) have been prepared. An elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, 1H NMR spectra, and thermal studies were used to characterize the Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes. According to infrared and 1H NMR analysis the ligand behaves as isobidentate. The electronic spectra reveals that charge transfer transitions are most centered on the ligand. An interesting fragmentation patterns was reported from thermal, biological activity and docking studies. Anti-bacterial studies were performed at least three times under identical conditions, these was estimated by measuring the zone of inhibition (mm) of the ligand and metal complexes against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis strains of gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria. Molecular docking analysis was identified the molecular distance, energy account, and position of links contribution to the interaction between these complexes. These interactions demonstrate a strong interaction between the protein receptor molecule and the produced ligand and its La(III) complex, which were favorably affects the free binding energy. According to the values of interaction energies, the Cu(II) complex exhibited a significantly more stable interaction and a lower binding energy.

GC-MS Analysis, Antibiogram and Computational Studies of Kakamout (Acacia polyacantha L.) Leaves Hydro-Ethanolic Extract

Medicinal plants represent the main source of therapeutic agents. The WHO stated that most of the world population use herbal drugs because they belief that, they are safe, cheap and affordable. Many modern drugs show resistance to pathogenic bacteria as one of the forms of antimicrobial resistance which is considered from the top problematic issues in the world. Fortunately, medicinal plants can be the hero for fighting this problem by providing new antibacterial agents. Sudan is a virgin area for phytomedicine research due to its diversity of traditions besides the diversity of climates that leads to variety of plant species. Acacia polyacantha tree is widely available in Sudan and is used traditionally for treating many bacterial diseases. This study aimed to analyze the hydro-ethanol extract of Acacia polyacanthaleaves using GC-MS analysis and to determine its antibiogram against two standard bacterial strains by well diffusion method, besides molecular docking and ADMET studies.A. Polyacantha leaves was extracted by cold maceration using Ethanol 70%. GC-MS analysis was carried out for the first time and proved to contain 23 compounds. The major compounds were4-O-Methylmannose (60.28%), Phytol (8.2%) and Adenosine N6-phenylaceticacid (4.74%). The extract was tested for antibacterial activity against standard bacterial strains of Gram +ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram -ve bacteria (Pseudomonas aeroginosa) by well diffusion method which was active against S.aureus and inactive against P.aeruginosa. Moreover, binding mode and pharmacokinetics properties of the compounds present in the extract were further studied and reported. In conclusion, A. Polyacantha leaves extract is rich in phytochemical compounds having antibacterial activity.

Evaluating antimicrobial efficacy of bovine colostrum in patients suffering from periodontal disease

Purpose: Bovine Colostrum is the first milk, a mammary secretion produced by all cows for their babies during the first 24–48 hours after birth. Bovine Colostrum contains immunoglobulins and lactoferrin that help in bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of bovine colostrum at different concentrations in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. Methodology: Plaque and calculus samples were obtained from 15 patients aging from 30 - 60 years. The collected samples were then poured on agar plates and different strains of Gram -ve bacteria were obtained. The streak plate method was adopted. For the anti-microbial susceptibility test, a solution of Bovine Colostrum Powder was prepared in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at various concentrations (50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, and 200 µg/ml). Result: A minimal zone of inhibition was seen at 50 µg/ml with a mean of 3.8. Proper inhibition zones were seen in 100 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml with means of 9.9 and 12.7 respectively. One-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in the values between the groups (p&lt;0.01). Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test showed a statistically significant difference in the values between all the pairs of groups (p&lt;0.01).

Sustainable antimicrobial modified chitosan and its nanoparticles hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization

The target of the present study is the development of sustainable chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles-based heterocyclic compound hydrogels with antimicrobial properties. Sustainable antimicrobial new modified chitosan hydrogel (CS-3) was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan (CS) with 2-([4-[(1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ylimino) methyl] phenyl] methyleneamino) isoindoline-1, 3-dione (3) via ring opening of cyclic imide moiety in compound (3). However, the modified chitosan nanoparticles hydrogel (CS-3 NPs) were prepared in-situ by an ionotropic gelation technique using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as the cross-linking agent. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA, DSC and elemental analysis. The hydrogels were tested versus eight pathogenic strains of Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacteria and two fungi. The results revealed that hydrogels (CS-3) and (CS-3 NPs) showed higher antimicrobial activities than virgin (CS) and (CS-NPs). However, hydrogel (CS-3 NPs) showed the highest Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) especially with Gram +ve bacteria (S. pyogenes) at 19.5 and 39 μg/ml compared to the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin at 19 and 38 μg/ml respectively.

Evaluation of in vitro pharmacological activities of Diospyros malabarica kostel fruit

Objective: To explore the in vitro pharmacological activities of fruit of Diospyros malabarica. Method: 70% ethanolic extracts of Diospyros malabarica was screened against ten pathogenic bacteria, five strains of gram +ve, five strains of gram –ve bacteria and fungi by using disc diffusion method. Moreover, to study the toxicity of this fruit, we conducted a saltwater shrimp lethality bioassay based on the ability to kill laboratory cultured brine shrimps (Artemiasalina). Results: Fruits extracts were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens with the zone of inhibition ranges between 13mm to 19mm. Fruit Extracts was also tested for its antifungal activity against fungal strains exhibiting zone of inhibition ranges from 14 mm to 19 mm. The fruit extract of Diospyros malabarica shows significant lethality towards brine shrimps at LD50 value of 93.55 ppm. Conclusion: Plant extracts is potentially effective in suppressing microbial and fungal growth. As fruit extracts has significant LD50 value thus it can be further used for cancer cell line studies.

Pharmacological characterisation of Seseli gracile Waldst. &amp; Kit (Apiaceae) essential oil

Background/Aim. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of essential oils isolated from plant species of the genus Seseli have been intensified recently. These plant species have long-term use in nutrition and traditional medicine in the treatment of various disorders. Volatile secondary metabolites of Seseli gracile Waldst. &amp; Kit (Apiaceae) have not been pharmacologically examined so far. The aim of the conducted research was to assess the antiradical, antimicrobial and spasmolytic activities of S. gracile essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of the plant. Methods. The antiradical activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, antimicrobial activity using broth microdilution method with standard strains of Gram (+), Gram (-) bacteria and yeast, while spasmolytic activity was evaluated on isolated rat ileum, pre-contracted with a high concentration of potassium. Results. The results showed moderate antiradical (SC50 = 78.60 ?g/mL) and good spasmolytic activity (IC50 = 271.4 nL/mL) of S. gracile essential oil. In the range of tested concentrations, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined only for the strain of Escherichia coli (500 ?g/mL). Conclusion. Results obtained in this study justify the need for further studies to elucidate exact molecular mechanism underlay this spasmolytic effect of S. gracile herb essential oil.

Rational synthesis, structural characterization, theoretical studies, antibacterial activity and selective dye absorption of new silver coordination polymers generated from a flexible bis (imidazole-2-thione) ligand

Herein, a competition between the different anions with different size, shape and coordination ability was used for the synthesis of three silver(I)-coordination polymers (Ag-CPs) was investigated. In this study, three 3D-supra-molecular coordination compounds namely, [Ag2L(NO3)2]n (1), {[Ag2L][PF6]2}n (2) and [AgLBr]n (3) (L = 1,1′-(1,5-pentadienyl)bis-(1,3-dihydro-3-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-thione)) have been synthesized and fully characterized via a single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analysis (CHN), FT-IR spectra and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Structural analysis revealed that the counter ions have a notable impact in directing the conformation and coordination mode of ligand, but they have no effect on the structural dimension of the polymers. Furthermore, by increasing the coordination ability of the anions, the coordination geometry of the AgI centers change, from a distorted linear (for 2) to a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry (for 1). The chains are further stabilized by the intermolecular CH⋯O and CH⋯N for 1, P–F…HC for 2, CH⋯Br and CH⋯N interactions for 3 to form a 3D non-covalent lattice network structure. In contrast to the 1 and 3, polymer 2 exhibits a large capacity and selectivity to adsorb dye from aqueous solutions. Sorption kinetic was investigated by three kinetic models. The electronic band structure and the projection densities of states (PDOS) of compounds 1 and 3 were investigated by means of DFT-D3. The results demonstrated that both compounds are non-magnetic and show a semiconducting character with a direct band gap of ~3 eV. All of the synthesized compounds, possess antibacterial activity against the selected strain of Gram- negative (Escherichiacoli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram- positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria.

Antimicrobial study of Arjuna Terminalia loaded PLGA nanoparticle

The bark of Terminilia Arjuna is known for its numerous health benefits in traditional system of medicine. Nanotechnology based delivery system have added advantages of action at targeted location and improved cellular uptake. In the present paper, polymeric nanoparticles of methanolic extract of Terminilia Arjuna (Arjun ki chhal) were synthesized by using solvent evaporation method. The synthesized polymeric nanoparticles were further characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR followed by evaluation of antimicrobial activity. The SEM images showed spherical shaped nanoparticles. Further TEM images revealed that particles of size as small as 50-75 nm are formed. PLGA encapsulated nanoparticles shows entrapment efficiency as high as 96.8% and percentage yield comes out to be 45.3. Antimicrobial study using cup-plate method was carried out using two strains of gram (+) bacteria S. aureus and B. pumilus and two strains of gram () bacteria E. Coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which shows MIC at 2000 ppm for gram (+) bacteria (both S. aureus and B. pumilus) and 5000 ppm (E. coli) and 6000 ppm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for gram () bacteria. From the results obtained it is proposed that polymeric nanoparticles were successfully formed which will enhance the efficacy of active components in the bark of Terminilia Arjuna and also demonstrates promising use in various pharmaceutical formulations as they show considerable results in the inhibition of bacterial growth.

Solvent-free Mechano-chemical Synthesis of New Omeprazole Derived Metal Complexes: Characterization, Urease Inhibitory Kinetics and Selective Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity

Background: Metal-based antimicrobial agents have recently been identified as an alternate therapy for the treatment of infectious diseases. This investigation relates to one-pot solventfree preparation of some new transition metal complexes of omeprazole (OMP), followed by their characterization and in vitro applications as anti-Helicobacter pylori agents and urease inhibitors. Methods: The complexes were characterized by elemental analyzer, IR, Powder X-Ray diffraction, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR and mass spectrometric and thermal methods, which elucidated that the complexes have the general formula [ML] X where M ═ Zn, Ni, Cu and X═ CH3COO– and [ML] X. H2O, where M ═ Co, X═ CH3COO–. The complexes exhibited antibacterial activity against selected strains of Gram +ve and Gram –ve bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Escherichia coli (ATCC 12435), Proteus vulgaris (NCTC 4175), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 49189) and fifteen local isolates and two reference strains of H. pylori. Zinc omeprazole (Zn-OMP), cobalt omeprazole (Co-OMP) and copper omeprazole (Cu- OMP), all exhibited potent and selective anti-H. pylori activity in the range of 1.0-16 µgmL-1, 8.0- 64 µgmL-1and 32-128 µgmL-1, respectively. Results: However, all of the complexes showed mild anti-bacterial activity against rest of the tested strains. Amoxicillin (break points of 1≤) was used as a reference standard. Zn-OMP was found to be equally effective against the antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible strains of H. pylori, whereas Co-OMP and Cu-OMP exhibited mixed trends. Urease inhibition was evaluated by using the urease isolated from H. pylori reference. Zn-OMP was found to be the most potent urease inhibitor followed by Cu-OMP and then Co-OMP. Lineweaver-Burk plots were used to determine Michaelis Menten constant for elucidating the mechanism of inhibition. Conclusion: The results of the present work revealed that the devised mechano-chemical method can be explored as an environment-friendly route for the synthesis of metal based anti- H. plyori drugs. Keywords: Solvent-free synthesis, omeprazole, metal complexes, spectroscopic analyses, TGA, Anti-H. pylori activity, urease inhibition, lineweaver-burk plots.

Ferrocenyl chalcone-based Schiff bases and their metal complexes: Highly efficient, solvent-free synthesis, characterization, biological research

This study highlights the synthesis and characterization of Schiff base ligands namely 1-ferrocenyl-3- (2-furyl) propenone diamino (thio) urea and selected metal complexes including Pb(Ⅱ), Bi(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ), Ba(Ⅱ), Cd (Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Sn(Ⅱ), Nd(Ⅱ) as a central metal. The stoichiometric ratios of the prepared complexes were estimated using complementary techniques such as elemental analyses (C,H,N), FT-IR and molar conductivity. Furthermore, their physicochemical studies were carried out using thermal TGA. Antimicrobial activities of both the Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes were tested against strains of Gram (-ve), such as E. coli and S. aureus and MRSA, C. albicans and A. flavus fungi. The investigated Schiff base complexes showed higher activity and stability than their corresponding Schiff base ligands and the addition of ferrocene group also achieved the function of drug superposition. Moreover, the prepared Schiff base ligand and its Cu(II) and Cd(II)and Ni(II) complexes have been evaluated for their anticancer activities against two cancer cell lines namely mouse leukemia cells (P-388) and lung cancer (A-549) cell lines.

Characterization of Sideritis trojana Bornm. essential oil and its antimicrobial activity

The components of the essential oil obtained from the dried aerial parts of Sideritis trojana Bornm. by hydrodistillation was analyzed both by GC-FID and GC-MS, simultaneously. Overall 57 compounds were identified representing 83.8% of the oil. The major components of the oil were identified as valeranone (11.3%), α-bisabolol (10.9%) and β-caryophyllene (8.8%), respectively. The composition of the oil showed quantitative chemical variation from previously studied material in terms of its major components. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial and anticandidal activities using a broth microdilution method. A selected panel of standard strains of Gram (+) and Gram (-) human pathogens as well as Candida albicans were used in the assay. As a preliminary result, it was observed that the oil displayed relatively moderate antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori with MIC value of 250 μg/mL when compared to standard antimicrobials. As a conclusion, it is worthwhile to evaluate the plant material against a broader spectrum of activities.

Analysis of pathogenic bacteria in bile and blood of patients with obstructive jaundice

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the bile and blood samples of patients with obstructive jaundice.Methods A total of 322 patients with obstructive jaundice who were admitted to Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University from January 2012 to April 2016 were enrolled.Bile samples were obtained from all patients and blood culture was performed for 84 patients.The influence of benign and malignant obstruction and therapies on the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in bile was analyzed,and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in bile and blood was compared.The chi- square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results Pathogenic bacteria were detected in246 patients( 246 /322),resulting in a detection rate of 76.40%.A total of 267 strains were detected,which consisted of 208 strains of Gram- negative bacteria,48 strains of Gram- positive bacteria,and 11 strains of fungi.Among the 256 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography( ERCP),199 were detected to have pathogenic bacteria,resulting in a detection rate of 77.73%;among the 66 patients who underwent surgery,47 were detected to have pathogenic bacteria,resulting in a detection rate of 71.21%.There was no significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria between these two groups( χ~2= 1.238,P = 0.266).Among the 288 patients with benign obstructive jaundice,215 were detected to have pathogenic bacteria,resulting in a detection rate of 74.65%;among the34 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice,31 were detected to have pathogenic bacteria,resulting in a detection rate of 91.18%.There was a significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria between these two groups( χ~2= 4.605,P = 0.032),and there was a significant difference in the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in bile between these two groups( χ~2= 0.159,P = 0.690).The types of pathogenic bacteria in bile samples were similar to those in blood samples,and there was a significant difference in the detection of pathogenic bacteria between them( χ~2= 13.235,P < 0.001).Conclusion There is no significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria determined by ERCP or surgery in patients with obstructive jaundice.For patients who cannot undergo ERCP or surgery,blood culture results can be used to guide clinical medication.

Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and biological studies of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes based on a tetradentate ONNO donor Schiff base ligand

This study highlights synthesis and characterization of a tetradentate ONNO Schiff base ligand namely (1, 1′- (pyridine-2, 3-dimethyliminomethyl) naphthalene-2, 2′-diol) and hereafter denotes as “HNDAP″ and selected metal complexes including Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) as a central metal. HNDAP was synthesized from 1:2 M ratio condensation of 2, 3-diaminopyridine and 2- hydroxy-1-naphthaldhyde, respectively. The stoichiometric ratios of the prepared complexes were estimated using complementary techniques such as; elemental analyses (-C, H, N), FT-IR, magnetic measurements and molar conductivity. Furthermore, their physicochemical studies were carried out using thermal TGA, DTA and kinetic–thermodynamic studies along with DFT calculations. The results of elemental analyses showed that these complexes are present in a 1:1 metal-to- ligand molar ratio. Moreover, the magnetic susceptibilities values at room temperature revealed that Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes are paramagnetic in nature and have an octahedral (Oh) geometry. In contrast, Cd(II) is diamagnetic and stabilizes in square planar sites. The molar conductivity measurements indicated that all complexes are nonelectrolytes in dimethyl formamide. Spectral data suggested that the ligand is as tetradentate and coordinated with Co(II) ion through two phenolic OH and two azomethine nitrogen. However, for Mn(II), Fe(II) and Cd(II) complexes, the coordination occurred through two phenolic oxygen and two azomethine nitrogen with deprotonation of OH groups. The proposed chemical structures have been validated by quantum mechanics calculations. Antimicrobial activities of both the HNDAP Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes were tested against strains of Gram (-ve) E. coli and Gram (+ve) B. subtilis and S. aureus bacteria and C. albicans, A. flavus and T. rubrum fungi. All the prepared compounds showed good results of inhibition against the selected pathogenic microorganisms. The investigated HNDAP Schiff base complexes showed higher activity and stability than their corresponding HNDAP Schiff base ligand and the highest activity observed for Cd(II) complex. Moreover, the prepared Schiff base ligand and its Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes have been evaluated for their anticancer activities against two cancer cell lines namely; colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116 cell line) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cell lines The interaction of Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was studied by absorption spectroscopic technique and viscosity measurements. Both complexes showed a successful interaction with CT-DNA via intercalation mode.

Fatty Acids in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part XVII: Synthesis of Non Ionic Surfactants Containing Piperidine, Piperazine, Imidazole Based on Thiadiazole and Microbiological Activities Evaluation

A series of novel scaffolds Thiadiazolyl Piperidine, Thiadiazolyl Piperazine, thiadiazolidine, Thiadiazolyl thiazole and Thiadiazolyl-imidazole-Thione were synthesized from cheap, available and biologically active stearic acid. 2-amino-5-heptadecyl 1,3,4-thiadiazole reacts with chloroacetyl chloride and produced 2-choloro-N-(5-heptadecyl-1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-yl) acetamide. Which allowed to react with Piperidine, Piperazine, urea and/or Thiourea and Potassium thiocyanate, and the latest scaffolds have been synthesized, respectively, and the structures of these compounds were established by elemental analysis, MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectral data. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in-vitro against strains of gram +ve, gram -ve bacteria and fungi. Nonionic surfactant were obtained by addition of different moles of propylene oxide (3,5,7 mole) to the synthesized compounds bearing an active hydrogen. Physico-chemical and surface properties as well as biodegradability of the synthesized non-ionic surfactants were evaluated.

Composition and drug resistance of pathogens causing complicated urinary tract infections

Objectives To investigate the composition and drug resistance of pathogens causing the complicated urinary tract infections so as to provide guidance for reasonable use of antibiotics. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data and drug sensitivity test results of 108 patients with complicated urinary tract infections were made. Results 108 cases were detected in 325 urine samples of pathogens, including 218 strains of Gram–negative, coccus (67.08%), 62 strains of Gram–positive coccus (19.08%), 45 of the fungus(13.85%); Gram–negative strains of Escherichia coli accounted for 30.15%, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.00%), Enterobacter cloacae (9.23%) and Klebsiella neumonia (7.69%).62 strains of Gram–positive coccus, staphylococcus aureus (7.08%), Enterococcus faecalis (5.54%) and urinary enterococci (4.92%) were commonly observed. The drug resistance rate of Gram–negative bacteria and positive bacteria to cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones and gentamicin was as high as 50%, and the drug resistance rate of Gram–negative bacteria to meropenem and imipenem was less than 20%.The drug resistance rate of Gram–positive bacteria to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid was less than 10%, and there was highly sensitive. Conclusions The complicated urinary tract infections bacterial spectrum and drug resistance have undergone significant changes, susceptibility testing should be carried out to select high sensitivity antibacterial drug clinically, it should not use a conventional cephalosporins and quinolones for empirical medication. Key words: Urinary Tract Infections; Drug Tolerance