Effects Of Stimuli Research Articles

The Effect of Visual Stimuli on Free Throw Dynamics in Basketball

The present study aims to examine the influence of visual stimuli on the dynamics of free throws in basketball. The sample consisted of 25 athletes, comprising 16 junior athletes and 9 senior athletes, who practice basketball with two teams in the city of Braşov, Romania. The experiment was applied to two samples of female subjects. The first sample consisted of 16 basketball players from CSM Corona Braşov, in the Under 16 category, aged between 14 and 16, with an average of 5 years of basketball experience. The second sample included 9 senior basketball players. Data was collected from two types of tests. The first test was conducted during training sessions in the pre-competitive phase and involved performing 10 free throws, recording the number of successful attempts. The second type of test focused on collecting the percentage of successful free throws from both friendly games in the pre-season and official games. The results generated from the analysis of the collected data (training sessions vs. friendly & official games) under the presence of technical equipment during the training process are surprising, as they invalidate the working hypothesis in the case of senior athletes.

The renewal reducing effect of unpaired unconditional stimuli presented during extinction is not specific to the unconditional stimulus used during acquisition.

Presenting unpaired unconditional stimuli (US) during extinction training reduces the renewal of conditional fear due to context change. The present study investigated whether this reduced return of fear is specific to the aversive US presented during acquisition or can also be observed after extinction with unpaired presentations of another aversive or of a non-aversive US. Using an ABA renewal paradigm that trained extinction in a context different from that of the acquisition, renewal and re-acquisition test phases, participants received five unpaired presentations of either the aversive US used during acquisition (Group Aversive-Same), an aversive US not presented during acquisition (Group Aversive-Different) or a non-aversive US (Group Non-aversive) during extinction training. Renewal of electrodermal conditional responses was observed in group Non-aversive, but not in groups Aversive-Same or Aversive-Different. Re-acquisition did not differ across the groups. These results are consistent with a valenced arousal account to explain the effects of unpaired presentations of the US during extinction training which would suggest that extinction learning is enhanced under conditions of increased aversive arousal.

Development of an experimental oculographic test battery as part of a software and hardware complex for diagnosing the tendency to computer gaming addiction

Currently, the problem of determining the state of the individual in the «norm-pathology» continuum for non-chemical addictions remains relevant. Our analysis of diagnostic materials allows us to conclude that the vast majority of methods for diagnosing computer gaming addiction are foreign clinical scales translated into Russian, built on the basis of the clinical criteria of the American Psychiatric Association. In connection with this fact, as well as the rapid development of society and the digitalization the practical psychology are needed to modern and effective psychodiagnostic techniques.The research was carried out with the financial support of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Fund for Assistance to the Development of Small Innovative Enterprises in the Scientific and Technical Sphere» (Innovation Promotion Fund) within the framework of the implementation of innovation project.Purpose of the study - to develop an experimental oculographic test battery for diagnosing computer gaming addiction.Methods. In the empirical research of the first stage of work we used the following methods: clinical conversation; psychodiagnostic methods: method of multilateral personality research by S. Hathaway, J. McKinley (adapted by F.B. Berezina, M.P. Miroshnikova), style of self-regulation of behavior by V.I. Morosanova, questionnaire of volitional self-control by A.G. Zverkova, E.V. Eidman, Distress, Depression, Anxiety and Somatization Questionnaire by B. Terluin (adapted by A.B. Smulevich). To assess oculomotor reactions (fixation duration, number of fixations), we used the GP3 Gazepoint remote software and hardware system for assessing oculomotor reactions.We used the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (p ≤ 0.05) for study the relationships between the structural-dynamic parameters of oculomotor reactions and the personal characteristics of respondents.Results. During the first stage of the work, we obtained the following scientific results: requirements for digital images that make up visual stimuli, and for the visual stimuli themselves have been formulated; stimulus images have been developed to assess the tendency to computer gaming addiction; we was carried out a comparative analysis and studied the relationship between the structural and dynamic parameters of oculomotor reactions and the personal characteristics of respondents; we has been developed the experimental oculographic test battery to diagnose computer gaming addiction.Conclusion. Requirements for visual stimuluses will become part of the guidelines to the oculographic test battery, which will be developed in the second stage of work. Comparative analysis made it possible to identify the most effective visual stimulus that we included in the experimental oculographic test battery.

The effects of chronic neuropathic pain states on the discriminative stimulus effect of fentanyl and other MOR agonists.

Pleasant subjective effects of drugs (e.g., euphoria) have been demonstrated to contribute to their abuse potential. In humans, there is some evidence that acute pain states may decrease the positive subjective effects of opioids; however, no studies have directly tested the impact of a long-lasting pain state. Therefore, the goal of this study was to directly evaluate the discriminative stimulus of mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, fentanyl, or the non-opioid drug of abuse, cocaine, in the presence or absence of spared nerve injury (SNI) induced chronic neuropathic pain. Prior to surgery, MOR agonists (fentanyl, morphine, nalbuphine) dose-dependently increased % fentanyl-like responding, as expected; surprisingly, after surgery, we saw small, significant rightward shifts in the fentanyl and morphine dose response curves in both sham and SNI groups suggesting that the observed shifts were not due to chronic pain. In both sham and SNI groups, there was an increase in the generalization of nalbuphine to the fentanyl-discriminative stimulus. There was no change in the discriminative stimulus of cocaine (or amphetamine substitutions) over 4 months of SNI-induced chronic neuropathic pain or sham states, suggesting that the SNI model failed to alter the discriminative stimuli of fentanyl and cocaine. Following induction of chronic neuropathic pain, there was an observed increase in quinpirole-induced generalization to the cocaine discriminative stimulus. In the future, studies should directly examine the abuse potential of low efficacy MOR agonists and dopaminergic agonists in the presence and absence of chronic pain states.

Asymmetric fluorinated 2,3-bis(5-arylthiophen-2-yl)quinoxalines: Synthesis and photophysical properties

A series of novel 6-fluoro- and 6-trifluoromethyl-2,3-bis(5-arylthiophen-2-yl)quinoxalines was synthesized via Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Their photophysical properties were studied in solutions of fluorophores in toluene, THF, and MeCN, as well as in the solid state. These V-shaped quinoxalines exhibited a low-energy absorption band ranging from 394 to 457 nm and emitted light in the broad region from green to orange in toluene. Notably, the absorption and emission bands of 6-CF3-substituted quinoxalines shifted towards the red region compared to their 6-fluoro analogues. While solvent polarity had negligible effects on the absorption band, it significantly influenced the emission band, causing a pronounced red-shift and attenuating its intensity. The obtained properties were compared with those of related structures, and structure-photophysical property relationships were examined. Furthermore, the effect of external stimuli, including acidity, the presence of water, and nitroaromatic compounds, on the absorption and emission behaviors was evaluated. Finally, electronic-structure calculations based on quantum-chemical methods were conducted to provide insights into the experimental findings.

Recent advances in multimodal skin-like wearable sensors

Wearable sensors capable of simultaneous monitoring of multiple physiological markers have the potential to dramatically reduce healthcare cost through early detection of diseases and accelerating rehabilitation processes. These skin-like sensors can deliver significant benefits thanks to their ability to continuously track various physiological indicators over extended periods. However, due to the high sensitivities of soft sensors to multiple stimuli, decoupling the effects of various physical stimuli associated with accurately pinpointing the contributions of individual physiological markers remains a huge challenge. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in multifunctional, skin-like wearable sensors, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms of signal transduction, microengineering designs, and their diverse applications in both health monitoring and human–machine interactions. It elaborates on the operational principles of various wearable sensors, such as triboelectric, resistive, piezoelectric, and capacitive sensors, each uniquely adept at detecting a range of stimuli. This article also examines recent advances in conceptualizations and methodologies for isolating specific stimuli from the mix of multiple physiological signals. Furthermore, this review highlights potential applications of these multimodal skin-like wearable sensors. Finally, opportunities and challenges facing multimodal wearable sensors are also discussed, exploring their potential in wearable intelligent systems tailored for diverse applications.

MiRNA in mechanobiology: The exploration needs to continue

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has once again sparked considerable interest in microRNA (miRNA). Recent advances have unveiled that miRNAs play critical roles in mediating the effects of mechanical stimuli on gene expression, cellular functions, tissue development, and disease progression. This perspective summarized the history of miRNA research and highlighted the promising research directions of miRNAs in the field of mechanobiology.

Comparative analysis of single vs. two-muscle training programs on upper body muscle growth

This study investigates the effects of different bodybuilding training methodologies—single muscle versus multiple muscle training—on upper body muscle growth. Despite the established benefits of resistance training for muscle hypertrophy, the optimal structuring of workouts remains debated. An experimental design was utilized, dividing 44 participants from the Iraqi Federation for Bodybuilding and Fitness into two groups, with one focusing on training a single muscle per session and the other on training two muscles per session over 12 weeks. Pre- and post-test measurements were taken to assess changes in chest, upper arm, and forearm circumferences, alongside strength gains. Statistical analysis using SPSS revealed significant increases in muscle size for both training approaches, with the single muscle group demonstrating superior hypertrophic outcomes. These findings suggest that training one muscle group per session may provide a more effective stimulus for muscle growth compared to training multiple groups simultaneously. The results contribute valuable insights into bodybuilding training practices, indicating that specific training strategies can optimize hypertrophy and enhance strength in bodybuilders.

Multi-culture label-free quantitative cell migration sensing with single-cell precision.

A fair comparison of multiple live cell cultures requires examining them under identical environmental conditions, which can only be done accurately if all cells are prepared simultaneously and studied at the same time and place. This contribution introduces a multiplexed lensless digital holographic microscopy system (MLS), enabling synchronous, label-free, quantitative observation of multiple live cell cultures with single-cell precision. The innovation of this setup lies in its ability to robustly compare the behaviour, i.e., migratory pathways, of cells cultured or contained in different ways (with varied stimuli applied), making it a valuable tool for dynamic biomedical diagnostics on a cellular level. The system's design allows for potential expansion to accommodate as many samples as needed, thus broadening its application scope in future quantitative diagnostics on global multi-culture cellular behaviours via their localized single-cell spatiotemporal optical signatures. We believe that our method has the potential to empower reliable live cell multi-culture comparisons through simultaneous quantitative imaging, enhancing label-free investigations into cell cultures and the effects of biochemical or physical stimuli over large areas, and unlocking novel mechanistic understandings through high-throughput time-lapse observations.

Resistance in Soybean Against Infection by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Is Induced by a Phosphite of Nickel and Potassium.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most profitable crops among the legumes grown worldwide. The occurrence of rust epidemics, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, has greatly contributed to yield losses and an abusive use of fungicides. Within this context, this study investigated the potential of using a phosphite of nickel (Ni) and potassium (K) [referred to as induced resistance (IR) stimulus] to induce soybean resistance against infection by P. pachyrhizi. Plants were sprayed with water (control) or with IR stimulus and non-inoculated or inoculated with P. pachyrhizi. The germination of urediniospores was greatly reduced in vitro by 99% using IR stimulus rates ranging from 2 to 15 mL/L. Rust severity was significantly reduced from 68 to 78% from 7 to 15 days after inoculation (dai). The area under the disease progress curve significantly decreased by 74% for IR stimulus-sprayed plants compared to water-sprayed plants. For inoculated plants, foliar concentrations of K and Ni were significantly higher for IR stimulus treatment than for the control treatment. Infected and IR stimulus-sprayed plants had their photosynthetic apparatus (a great pool of photosynthetic pigments, and lower values for some chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters) preserved, associated with less cellular damage (lower concentrations of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and anion superoxide) and a greater production of phenolics and lignin than plants from the control treatment. In response to infection by P. pachyrhizi, defense-related genes (PAL2.1, PAL3.1, CHIB1, LOX7, PR-1A, PR10, ICS1, ICS2, JAR, ETR1, ACS, ACO, and OPR3) were up-regulated from 7 to 15 dai for IR stimulus-sprayed plants in contrast to plants from the control treatment. Collectively, these findings provide a global picture of the enhanced capacity of IR stimulus-sprayed plants to efficiently cope with fungal infection at both biochemical and physiological levels. The direct effect of this IR stimulus against urediniospores' germination over the leaf surface needs to be considered with the aim of reducing rust severity.

Engineered Cardiac Tissues as a Platform for CRISPR-Based Mitogen Discovery.

Improved understanding of cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle regulation may allow researchers to stimulate pro-regenerative effects in injured hearts or promote maturation of human stem cell-derived CMs. Gene therapies, in particular, hold promise to induce controlled proliferation of endogenous or transplanted CMs via transient activation of mitogenic processes. Methods to identify and characterize candidate cardiac mitogens in vitro can accelerate translational efforts and contribute to the understanding of the complex regulatory landscape of CM proliferation and postnatal maturation. In this study, A CRISPR knockout-based screening strategy using in vitro neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) monolayers is established, followed by candidate mitogen validation in mature 3-D engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs). This screen identified knockout of the purine metabolism enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA-KO) as an effective pro-mitogenic stimulus. RNA-sequencing of ECTs further reveals increased pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity as the primary driver of ADA-KO-induced CM cycling. Inhibition of the pathway's rate limiting enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), prevented ADA-KO induced CM cycling, while increasing PPPactivityviaG6PD overexpression increased CM cycling. Together, this study demonstrates the development and application of a genetic/tissue engineering platform forin vitrodiscovery and validation of new candidate mitogens affecting regenerative or maturation states of cardiomyocytes.

Effect of myogenic tone on agonist-mediated vasoconstriction in isolated arteries: A computational study

Background and objectiveVasoconstriction of the resistance artery is mainly determined by an integrated action of multiple local stimuli acting on the vascular smooth muscle cells, which include neuronal delivery of α-adrenoceptor agonists and intraluminal pressure. The contractile activity of the arterial wall has been extensively studied ex vivo using isolated arterial preparations and myography techniques. However, agonist-mediated vasoconstriction response is often confounded by local effects of other stimuli (e.g., pressure) and, it remained unclear whether the pressure-induced myogenic response has any implication on the efficacy of agonist-mediated vasoconstriction during blood flow regulation in tissues. A quantitative understanding of the influence of each stimulus is necessary to understand the interaction between multiple regulatory mechanisms, which is required to ensure timely oxygen delivery to meet tissue needs. MethodsWe developed a simple empirical model of isolated vessel vasoreactivity that includes passive vessel wall mechanics and a lumped representation of active smooth muscle activation as a function of agonist concentration and pressure. Pressure myograph data in dog renal arterioles and rat femoral arterioles, isovolumic myograph data in rat femoral arteries, and vasoactive data in rat skeletal muscle arterioles were analyzed using the model. The effect of physiological pressure changes on the sensitivities of vascular segments to adrenergic agonists phenylephrine and norepinephrine was evaluated. ResultsModel-based analysis of isolated vasoreactivity data, obtained due to changes in pressure and vasoconstricting agonists revealed that the strength of myogenic response of a resistance vessel has a strong influence on the sensitivity and dynamics of agonist response. An increase in intraluminal pressure was found to reduce the magnitude of agonist-mediated tone by lowering the sensitivity of the vessel segment to agonist. The passive mechanical properties of arterial wall considearably influence the agonist-mediated contraction in isolated arteries. These results demonstrate how passive vessel wall mechanics may dominate the vasoactive responses of the common myogenic and adrenergic pathways of smooth muscle contraction in blood flow regulation, supporting a long standing notion that there exists segment-specific vasoregulation in microvascular networks of various tissues. ConclusionThe present model provides a simple and powerful tool for quantifying ex vivo vasoreactivity of asolated arteries to qualitatively study the interaction between myogenic and α-adrenergic control of vascular tone in isolated vessels. Analysis of pressure myography data and isovolumic myography data in different sizes of vessels and tissues, in response to norepinephrine and phenylephrine revealed the importance of passive vessel mechanics in arteriolar vasomotion and setting up of basal vasomotor tone at single vessel-level. The present study will be useful to quantify the extent to which myogenic tone may influence agonist-mediated vasoconstriction and agonist effect on pressure-mediated myogenic response in microvascular networks during blood flow regulation in tissues.

A Survey on AI-Driven Mouse Behavior Analysis Applications and Solutions.

The physiological similarities between mice and humans make them vital animal models in biological and medical research. This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in analyzing mice behavior, emphasizing AI's potential to identify and classify these behaviors. Traditional methods struggle to capture subtle behavioral features, whereas AI can automatically extract quantitative features from large datasets. Consequently, this study aims to leverage AI to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of mice behavior analysis. The paper reviews various applications of mice behavior analysis, categorizes deep learning tasks based on an AI pyramid, and summarizes AI methods for addressing these tasks. The findings indicate that AI technologies are increasingly applied in mice behavior analysis, including disease detection, assessment of external stimuli effects, social behavior analysis, and neurobehavioral assessment. The selection of AI methods is crucial and must align with specific applications. Despite AI's promising potential in mice behavior analysis, challenges such as insufficient datasets and benchmarks remain. Furthermore, there is a need for a more integrated AI platform, along with standardized datasets and benchmarks, to support these analyses and further advance AI-driven mice behavior analysis.

Stroop task and practice effects demonstrate cognitive dysfunction in long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome.

The Stroop task was used to investigate differences in cognitive function between Long COVID (LC), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and healthy control subjects. Subjects viewed four color words or neutral (XXXX) stimuli with the same (congruent) or different color ink (incongruent). Cognitive conflict was inferred from response times for pairings of prestimuli and subsequent stimuli. Overall effects were assessed by univariate analysis with time courses determined for binned response times. LC and ME/CFS had significantly longer response times than controls indicating cognitive dysfunction. Initial response times were ranked LC > ME > HC, and decreased according to power functions. At the end of the task (900s), times were ranked LC = ME > HC. Response times were significantly slower for stimuli following an incongruent prestimulus. Time series for Stroop effect, facilitation, interference, surprise index and practice power law parameters were generally similar in LC, ME/CFS and HC suggesting comparable patterns for recruitment of cognitive resources. The prestimulus data were analyzed and generated positive Stroop and interference effects that were distinct from stimulus effects. LC and ME/CFS have global slowing of response times that cannot be overcome by practice suggesting impaired communications between network nodes during problem solving. Analysis of matched prestimulus - stimulus effects adds a new dimension for understanding cognitive conflict. Cognitive dysfunction in Long COVID and ME/CFS was demonstrated using the Stroop task which found global slowing of response times and limitations of practice effects.

Application of Sound Waves During the Curing of an Acrylic Resin and Its Composites Based on Short Carbon Fibers and Carbon Nanofibers.

Research into particulate polymer composites is of significant interest due to their potential for enhancing material properties, such as strength, thermal stability, and conductivity while maintaining low weight and cost. Among the various techniques for preparing particle-based composites, ultrasonic wave stimulation is one of the principal laboratory-scale methods for enhancing the dispersion of the discontinuous phase. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of empirical evidence to substantiate the impact of stimulating materials with natural sound frequencies within the acoustic spectrum, ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, during their formation process. The present work investigates the effect of acoustic stimuli with frequencies of 56, 111, and 180 Hz on the properties of an acrylic-based polymer and its discontinuous carbon-based composites. The results indicated that the stimulus frequency affects the cure time of the studied systems, with a notable reduction of 31% and 21% in the cure times of the neat polymer and carbon-nanofiber-based composites, respectively, after applying a frequency of 180 Hz. Additionally, the higher stimulation frequencies reduced porosity in the samples, increased the degree of dispersion of the discontinuous phase, and altered the composite materials' thermal, optical, and electrical behavior.

Da'wah bil Social Media: A Phenomenological Study of iGeneration TikTok Platform Users

This research examines the phenomenon of da'wah through social media (social media) carried out by iGeneration, especially UIN Raden Intan Lampung students, who are users of the TikTok platform. By using a phenomenological approach and integrating the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory with the concept of social media "affordances,” this research aims to understand the experiences, strategies, and impacts of digital da'wah among Muslim students who use TikTok. Data collection methods include in-depth interviews, online participant observation, TikTok content analysis, and focus group discussions. The research results show that preaching content on TikTok acts as an effective stimulus, triggering cognitive and affective processes in the user (organism), which then produces a response in the form of increased religious awareness and changes in behavior. This research also reveals the critical role of TikTok affordances in shaping digital preaching practices and the ethical and theological challenges young preachers face. These findings provide in-depth insight into the transformation of da'wah practices in the digital era and the implications for Islamic education in higher education.Keywords: Digital da'wah, TikTok, iGeneration, SOR theory, media affordances, phenomenology

Can ESG ratings drive digital innovation in enterprises? Exploring Porter's hypothesis in the digital era

AbstractThe holistic reshaping and advancement of the global economy inherently demand the creation of synergies between digitization and environmentally sustainable development practices. This study pioneers an evaluation of the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings on corporate digital technology innovation, contrasting with existing literature. Using data from A‐share listed firms for 2011–2020, our research reveals that implementing ESG ratings stimulates corporate digital technology innovation across various dimensions, thereby confirming the presence of the Porter hypothesis in the digital era. Furthermore, these findings are substantiated through the utilization of various methodologies, such as synthetic difference‐in‐differences (SDID), multi‐period DID, event studies, and staggered DID. In addition, mechanism tests delve into the underlying channels through which ESG ratings stimulate corporate digital technology innovation, elucidating their ability to promote innovation through motivation stimulus and resource supply effects. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis carried out in this study uncovers diverse effects on digital technology innovation stemming from factors such as firm characteristics, industry competitiveness, industry nature, regional intellectual property protection (IPP), and factor market development. Nevertheless, companies should refrain from blindly pursuing high ESG ratings to avoid overcorrecting because there is an inverse U‐shape relationship between ESG ratings and corporate digital technology innovation. These findings provide the theoretical basis and empirical evidence for the widescale utilization of ESG ratings. Thus, they offer useful guidance for executives and other policymakers aiming to foster a win–win scenario of digitization and green development.

Effects of Different Auditory Stimuli and Cognitive Tasks on Balance in Healthy Young Adults

Introduction: This study investigated the effect of different auditory stimuli and cognitive tasks on balance in healthy young adults. Methods: Thirty-three participants, aged 23.33 ± 2.43 years, were included in the study. The hearing levels of the participants were determined. Static and dynamic postural stability and limits of stability (LOS) tests were performed in the absence of auditory stimuli, in the presence of spondee word lists at 70 dB(A) and in the presence of spondee+white noise (−6 dB signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]), while auditory stimuli were presented bilaterally with supra-aural headphones. Participants were asked to repeat the words they listened to while performing balance-related tasks. Results: No significant differences between the three conditions were observed in the postural stability and LOS results. Increase in total repetition error was observed as the listening task became more difficult. Conclusion: The presence of auditory stimuli and the cognitive tasks did not cause any changes in the participants’ balance.

Krill oil supplementation in vivo promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in cultured human skeletal muscle cells.

Krill oil is a dietary supplement derived from Antarctic krill; a small crustacean found in the ocean. Krill oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as the antioxidant astaxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of krill oil supplementation, compared to placebo oil (high oleic sunflower oil added astaxanthin), in vivo on energy metabolism and substrate turnover in human skeletal muscle cells. Skeletal muscle cells (myotubes) were obtained before and after a 7-week krill oil or placebo oil intervention, and glucose and oleic acid metabolism and leucine accumulation, as well as effects of different stimuli in vitro, were studied in the myotubes. The functional data were combined with proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. In vivo intervention with krill oil increased oleic acid oxidation and leucine accumulation in skeletal muscle cells, however no effects were observed on glucose metabolism. The krill oil-intervention-induced increase in oleic acid oxidation correlated negatively with changes in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. In addition, myotubes were also exposed to krill oil in vitro. The in vitro study revealed that 24 h of krill oil treatment increased both glucose and oleic acid metabolism in myotubes, enhancing energy substrate utilization. Transcriptomic analysis comparing myotubes obtained before and after krill oil supplementation identified differentially expressed genes associated with e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, metabolic pathways and calcium signaling pathway, while proteomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of e.g., LDL-receptor in myotubes obtained after the krill oil intervention. These findings suggest that krill oil intervention promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle cells, with potential implications for metabolic health.

The effect of systematic auditory stimuli micro-refresh on intellectual work performance and subjective measurement

This study investigates the effect of auditory stimuli incorporated as a micro-refresh promoter during intellectual work by considering performance indicators and subjective measurement. A controlled laboratory experiment study was conducted with 47 participants performing a cognitive task under the conditions with and without auditory stimuli intervention. After data cleansing, 25 participants data were included in the analysis. Quantitative measurement of answering time and concentration time ratio resulted in no significant difference between conditions with and without auditory stimuli. Subjective ratings of NASA-TLX, subjective symptoms, and detachment factor found no significant difference among conditions with and without auditory stimuli. The recovery subjective questionnaire resulted in a significant difference in which participants felt more recovered when performing the task in auditory stimuli intervention. Regardless there are no statistically significant differences in several measurement indicators, there is a subjective indicator that auditory stimuli have an effect on intellectual work performance and it is worth considering for further research.